Journal of analytical & bioanalytical techniques, Sep 29, 2015
E scitalopram is an oral serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. In this study, a simple, fast and sensiti... more E scitalopram is an oral serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. In this study, a simple, fast and sensitive method was developed for the determination of escitalopram by capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical preparations. Metoprolol was used as IS. Separation was achieved by a fused silica capillary with 40 cm effective (48.5 cm total, 75 µm i.d.) length. The run buffer was composed of 15 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5). The applied potential was 25 kV and the samples were injected at 50 mbar pressure for 10 s. The migration times under these optimum conditions were 6.51±0.07 and 6.73±0.08 minutes for escitalopram and IS, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The LOQ was calculated as 3.57×10-7 M for escitalopram. The method was successfully applied to tablets, film coated tablets and oral drops of escitalopram.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2022
ABSTRACT. The electrochemical behavior of two chemically related acridine compounds: tacrine (TAC... more ABSTRACT. The electrochemical behavior of two chemically related acridine compounds: tacrine (TAC) and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) was investigated on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HDME). The electrochemical study was carried out by using Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques in the Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution at pH = 2.0–12.0, KCl (0.1/0.2/0.3 M) and methanol (0.0-50%) mixture as supporting electrolyte. TAC showed maximum current at pH 7.5 while 9-AA at pH 10, KCl (0.3M), and 10% methanol. The study of electrochemical reduction of 9-AA and TAC on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction. The reaction involved 1e–/1H+ reduction at nitrogen atom in the case of the 9-AA while the second process involved the 2e–/2H+ reduction of the intra-cyclic azomethine group. The reduction peak potential of structurally related acridine compounds is influenced by the pH values and percentage of ...
Objective: To assess patients' perspectives towards community pharmacists as health care professi... more Objective: To assess patients' perspectives towards community pharmacists as health care professionals by evaluating their performance in terms of patients' perception and satisfaction. Methods: Patients' perception and satisfaction are widely used healthcare direct pointers to evaluate Pharmaceutical health care services. To examine these two parameters, a questionnaire was developed, including statements to assess the patients' level of compatibility towards their community pharmaceutical care settings, along with their demographic data. The responses of patients' satisfaction and perception of pharmaceutical care settings were interpreted as percentages. Results: The responses of patient perception estimated that the pharmacist knows well how to use medication and warns about the dose or any problem in taking the medications before dispensing the medication. However, pharmacist is not an expert in suggesting treatment for minor ailments and he should not advise patients on general health issues other than drugs. Patients satisfied with the simple, clear and understandable language used by the pharmacist in discussing drug related issues and the kind of care and, kindness and respect in communication, nevertheless they least satisfied with the privacy maintained by pharmacist while discussing with patients and dispensing medications. Conclusion: Patients' expectations from pharmacists as successful therapists with decent communication profiles were positively evaluated. Paradoxically, other aspects such as the amount of time spent with each patient and general health issues advice did not meet our prospects, which clarify the need for a more solid pharmaceutical health care system to meet the potentials for full patients' perception and satisfaction.
Background and Objectives: Ochradenus baccatus belongs to the family Resedaceae. It is widely spr... more Background and Objectives: Ochradenus baccatus belongs to the family Resedaceae. It is widely spread in Saudi Arabia and other countries in Southwest Asia. O. baccatus is extensively used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent, in addition to being a vital source of food for certain desert animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial/anticancer activities of O. baccatus methanolic extracts collected from Hail, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The O. baccatus extracts were obtained by macerating the crude powder in methanol, followed by filtration and evaporation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the methanolic extracts’ chemical constituents. Broth microdilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was used to assess antimicrobial activity, while the extracts’ anticancer potential was assessed by sulforhodamine B Assay (SRB) ...
The liquid chromatographic separation performance of 12 different columns was evaluated for the e... more The liquid chromatographic separation performance of 12 different columns was evaluated for the estimation of the escitalopram oxalate and six of its impurities in different pharmaceutical formulations. All columns exhibited a reasonable separation power. Six columns with three different chemistries and two different particle morphology (i.e. core-shell and fully porous particle) were nominated for further evaluation. The objectives of the current study were to develop a simple method for detection of escitalopram oxalate and its impurities and to compare the separation power of the stationary phase of different chemistry and particle properties. The separation was carried out under isocratic elution by using acetonitrile/methanol/water/phosphate buffer solution (pH = 3.5, 50 mM) (25:5:20:50, v/v/v/v) mixture as mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min −1. The core-shell phenyl-hexyl column showed the best separation performance over the traditional octadecyl and pentafluorophenyl phases. The developed method was applied for detection of escitalopram oxalate and its impurities in valid and expired dosage forms.
Background: Skin lightening creams & products (SL) contain certain dangerous chemicals such as me... more Background: Skin lightening creams & products (SL) contain certain dangerous chemicals such as mercury, steroids such as; Clobetasol propionate (CP), hydroquinone (HQ), and a host of others that have negative health implications. Aims: The study focused on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of using these creams, as well as reporting the most common side-effects related to using these products. Methods: This study design was a cross-sectional study from August to October 2021, conducted in different governmental and private dermatological clinics and community pharmacies in Aden-Yemen. Results: A total of 154 women were involved in this study, 58.4% in the age range from 21 to 30 years. About 57% were single and had a high level of education; 61.0% of the participants were university graduates. Nearly half (51.9%) of the participants agreed that they used the SL product due to the climate condition. Around two-thirds (67.5%) of them did not know the ingredients of the SL ...
The chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine available in Yemen. Hence, this local-b... more The chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine available in Yemen. Hence, this local-based study was used to identify the type and frequency of short-term side effects following 48 hours of the first shot of the vaccine. Methods: A cross-section of vaccinated participants in Aden were surveyed by telephone. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 500 participants were included through convenient sampling. 27% of them were health care providers. Nearly 70% of the respondent experienced side effects. The top three side effects reported were fever (n=276, 55.2%), myalgia (n=270, 54%) and fatigue (n=247, 49.4%). Generally, most participants stated that they experienced the side effects after the first 24 hours of vaccination. Conclusion: Side effects that participants experienced were not different from the literature, indicating a safe profile for the vaccine. Further studies are needed to identify the side effects after the second and third dose of the vaccine. In addition, more studies are required to assess the efficacy of the existing vaccines against new variants.
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2021
This review article aims to present a general picture of what telemedicine entails and the import... more This review article aims to present a general picture of what telemedicine entails and the importance of providing quality health care in various medical aspects. The field of telemedicine has noticeably grown-up, with a growing number of applications and a diversity of technologies in different medical specialties and clinical situations by using electronic signals to transfer the medical data from one place to another. At present, health authorities have high anticipation for telemedicine. It addresses several significant challenges to advancing healthcare access to overwhelm the scarcity of specialists tackling epidemic diseases. The article starts with a brief introduction to the evolution of telemedicine and its importance in the health care system. Then, we provide a conceptual context for the proliferation of related concepts, such as telehealth, e-health, and m-health. Our primary concern is to focus on telemedicine's role in epidemic situations, emphasizing the current ...
Rationale, aims and objectives: The participation of all health professionals is essential for en... more Rationale, aims and objectives: The participation of all health professionals is essential for ensuring a quality and successful national postmarketing surveillance program. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among Yemeni community pharmacists (CPs) regarding medication safety in a poor-resource setting. Methods: A survey was conducted among CPs in Aden governorate. The tool comprised of: demographic profile, knowledge-, attitudeand practice-aspects of medication safety. The survey also studied the opinion about future and benefits of ADR reporting in Yemen. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means (SD) were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 450 CPs were enrolled in the study. Most of the participants were males (75%) with a bachelor's degree (91.9%) and between 3-6 years of experience (28%). The majority of CPs had good knowledge regarding the perception and objectives of PV as well as ADRs. Approximately 41% of participants knew the purpose of PV as an essential system for public health and safety with regard to drug use. Additionally, the Yemeni pharmacists had a positive attitude towards the reporting system. Approximately 84% of responders admitted that PV is the responsibility of the pharmacists. The majority of the participants (80%) declared that there is no reporting form available at their workplace. According to CPs, 59% said that ADR reporting in Yemen is not widely promoted by relevant authorities, and 57% replied that lack of information provided by the patient is an obstacle in the reporting system. Approximately 89% of the CPs believed that reporting ADRs would improve patient safety. Conclusions: The CPs have a positive attitude towards PV and an acceptable degree of knowledge. However, the practice level should be upraised.
Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of ... more The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of the three available pharmaceutical dosage forms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the local markets (tablets, infusion and eye drops). Three brands for each dosage form were selected and coded as Tablets I, II, III; CIP infusion (Infusion I, II, III) and CIP eye drops (Eye drops I, II, III). Different in vitro quality control tests, physiochemical and determination of active ingredients contents were performed. All brands of tablets have a satisfactory result that complies with the pharmacopeia specification except the hardness of the tablets was more than the recommended value, and the salinity of Infusion II and III was lower than 0.9, the viscosity of the eye drops was lower than the specified value. Post-marketing surveillance is an essential issue to distinguish poor-quality medicines and must be routinely performed to weed out substandard and counterfeit medicine.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Introduction: Banned and harmful medicines can affect patient’s health, safety and life. ... more Introduction: Banned and harmful medicines can affect patient’s health, safety and life. There are two medicines available in Aden community pharmacies (phenolphthalein (PP) and ketoconazole (KZ)) that are globally banned. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability and dispensing of banned phenolphthalein and ketoconazole by community pharmacists. Methods: A preliminary cross-sectional simulated patients method was carried out. The study gathered data on dispensing behavior. Simulated patients were trained to access the availability of banned drugs existing in the community pharmacies. The availability of these two banned drugs was observed and recorded. The pharmacists were asked about the availability of a PP laxative for treating constipation called in Yemen a khat laxative (Sharbat Alkhat) and KZ for fungal infections in 50 convenient samples of community pharmacies that were selected based on ease of access by the simulated patients. Results...
Background Saliva is a biological fluid that has multiple protective functions. These functions c... more Background Saliva is a biological fluid that has multiple protective functions. These functions can be attained only if the saliva keeps certain physo-chemical properties such as pH. The main purpose of the current study was to compare the salivary pH among khat chewers and non-khat chewers before and after specific intervals (15, 30, and 60 minutes) of using three commercially available mouthwashes (MWs). Methods In this cross sectional study, thirty pharmacy student volunteers were divided into three groups of 10 for the three MWs. Each group was then subdivided into 5 volunteers as khat chewer and non-khat chewer. The statistical evaluation was carried out by using paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for in vivo study of salivary pH. Findings Low salivary pH in all khat-user volunteers before and after using MWs was indicated. There was an increase in the salivary pH after 15 minutes of rinsing with the three selected MWs for both groups of volunteers, after that there...
This study was conducted to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral hygiene among ... more This study was conducted to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral hygiene among students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, including (Medicine, pharmacy and dental collages) in Aden -Yemen. Cross sectional questionnaire using 12 questions about the habit of using oral health products and knowledge was conducted from April to May 2018for the 205 students of different genders and ages. Among the study population, (48.29%) brushing at least twice a day, (42.43%) once a day. The participants use chemical toothpastes with (45.58%), about (48.29%) prevailed the choice of quality. The students’ mothers were the guide for teeth brushing and oral health (37.07%), about (49.75%) of students replaced toothbrush every three months. Simple descriptive statistics and the chisquare test were applied to state characteristics related to the knowledge and to establish relationships between categorical variables, the data were analyzed statistically by using Graph pad prism ...
Introduction: Antimicrobials are among the most widely used and misused medicines worldwide. Resi... more Introduction: Antimicrobials are among the most widely used and misused medicines worldwide. Resistance to antimicrobials is an emerging global issue, mainly in developing countries. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are therefore important, but their implementation in Yemen warrants investigation. Objective: The study aimed to determine the perception and self-reported practices of AMS by community pharmacists in Aden, Yemen. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to May 2019 using pre-designed structured questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for data analysis version 22 (SPSS Incorporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Three hundred community pharmacists were audited, of which, 219 were males (73.0%) and 81 (27.0%) were females. Fifty-nine percent of the pharmacists were familiar with the vital role of AMS program and it is importance in enhancing patient care. Less than half of the respondents (45.3%) strongly...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain ... more Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain health and well-being is common in different countries. Despite the high prevalence of this activity in Yemen, there is neither proper regulation that controls the production, standardization, quality control and use nor an appropriate system for herbal pharmacovigilance in Yemen. Yemenis prefer to use herbs before resorting to allopathic medicines, sometimes in concomitant or alternative to the allopathic medication. Most people believe that herbs are safe, though there are many side effects associated with herbal medicines. For the safe and effective use of traditional herbal medication, there should be a regulation from the official authorities that controls their preparation, selling, quality control, production, and monitoring of the side effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated a guideline for monitoring herbal safety within the current pharmacovigilance framework. Howev...
Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Cupping therapy (CT), also known as (Al-Hijamah) is one of the therapeutic techniques that were p... more Cupping therapy (CT), also known as (Al-Hijamah) is one of the therapeutic techniques that were practiced in many countries of the world in ancient times and it is still used now. The current study was aimed to evaluate some components of the venous blood and comparing the results with that in the blood withdrawn during cupping therapy (CT). The method was carried out by taking blood samples from the scarified area that were made during CT on the skin and venous blood samples. Eighteen mostly healthy male participants were selected randomly between ages 25-61 years. About 5 ml of blood samples were collected from the vein and cupping site for each participant and biochemical parameters that are blood glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol were analyzed. All studied parameters were high in the cupping blood in comparison with the venous blood where it was noted that cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), as well as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), were statistically significant at (p<0.001) ...
Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study a... more Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study aimed to determine ESC-OX in human urine and different pharmaceutical dosage forms via the electrochemical method. The electrochemical behavior of ESC-OX was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at hanging mercury dropping electrode (HMDE). The maximum reduction potential was determined to be − 0.55 and − 0.57 V at pH 6.5 in a cell containing 5% (v/v) methanol and 0.3 M KCl. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of the cathodic peak current versus the concentration was linear in the range of 4.143-29.0 µg mL −1. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.15 µg mL −1 and 1.31 µg mL −1 , 3.490 µg mL −1 and 3.97 µg mL −1 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. The investigation of electrochemical reduction of ESC-OX on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction that involves a four-electron reduction of the nitrile group. For analytical purposes, a stable and well-defined peak was obtained in DPV mode. The average accuracy was found to be 101.60% ± 0.48 and 99.72% ± 5.64 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. Moreover, the developed method was precise with RSD % below 2% for both samples. The validation of the developed method was carried out as stated in the ICH Q2(R) 1 guideline. The proposed technique was effectively utilized for the determination of ESC-OX in different pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples. Neither excipients nor endogenous substances have electroactive interferences.
Journal of analytical & bioanalytical techniques, Sep 29, 2015
E scitalopram is an oral serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. In this study, a simple, fast and sensiti... more E scitalopram is an oral serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. In this study, a simple, fast and sensitive method was developed for the determination of escitalopram by capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical preparations. Metoprolol was used as IS. Separation was achieved by a fused silica capillary with 40 cm effective (48.5 cm total, 75 µm i.d.) length. The run buffer was composed of 15 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5). The applied potential was 25 kV and the samples were injected at 50 mbar pressure for 10 s. The migration times under these optimum conditions were 6.51±0.07 and 6.73±0.08 minutes for escitalopram and IS, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. The LOQ was calculated as 3.57×10-7 M for escitalopram. The method was successfully applied to tablets, film coated tablets and oral drops of escitalopram.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2022
ABSTRACT. The electrochemical behavior of two chemically related acridine compounds: tacrine (TAC... more ABSTRACT. The electrochemical behavior of two chemically related acridine compounds: tacrine (TAC) and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) was investigated on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HDME). The electrochemical study was carried out by using Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques in the Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution at pH = 2.0–12.0, KCl (0.1/0.2/0.3 M) and methanol (0.0-50%) mixture as supporting electrolyte. TAC showed maximum current at pH 7.5 while 9-AA at pH 10, KCl (0.3M), and 10% methanol. The study of electrochemical reduction of 9-AA and TAC on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction. The reaction involved 1e–/1H+ reduction at nitrogen atom in the case of the 9-AA while the second process involved the 2e–/2H+ reduction of the intra-cyclic azomethine group. The reduction peak potential of structurally related acridine compounds is influenced by the pH values and percentage of ...
Objective: To assess patients' perspectives towards community pharmacists as health care professi... more Objective: To assess patients' perspectives towards community pharmacists as health care professionals by evaluating their performance in terms of patients' perception and satisfaction. Methods: Patients' perception and satisfaction are widely used healthcare direct pointers to evaluate Pharmaceutical health care services. To examine these two parameters, a questionnaire was developed, including statements to assess the patients' level of compatibility towards their community pharmaceutical care settings, along with their demographic data. The responses of patients' satisfaction and perception of pharmaceutical care settings were interpreted as percentages. Results: The responses of patient perception estimated that the pharmacist knows well how to use medication and warns about the dose or any problem in taking the medications before dispensing the medication. However, pharmacist is not an expert in suggesting treatment for minor ailments and he should not advise patients on general health issues other than drugs. Patients satisfied with the simple, clear and understandable language used by the pharmacist in discussing drug related issues and the kind of care and, kindness and respect in communication, nevertheless they least satisfied with the privacy maintained by pharmacist while discussing with patients and dispensing medications. Conclusion: Patients' expectations from pharmacists as successful therapists with decent communication profiles were positively evaluated. Paradoxically, other aspects such as the amount of time spent with each patient and general health issues advice did not meet our prospects, which clarify the need for a more solid pharmaceutical health care system to meet the potentials for full patients' perception and satisfaction.
Background and Objectives: Ochradenus baccatus belongs to the family Resedaceae. It is widely spr... more Background and Objectives: Ochradenus baccatus belongs to the family Resedaceae. It is widely spread in Saudi Arabia and other countries in Southwest Asia. O. baccatus is extensively used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent, in addition to being a vital source of food for certain desert animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial/anticancer activities of O. baccatus methanolic extracts collected from Hail, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The O. baccatus extracts were obtained by macerating the crude powder in methanol, followed by filtration and evaporation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the methanolic extracts’ chemical constituents. Broth microdilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was used to assess antimicrobial activity, while the extracts’ anticancer potential was assessed by sulforhodamine B Assay (SRB) ...
The liquid chromatographic separation performance of 12 different columns was evaluated for the e... more The liquid chromatographic separation performance of 12 different columns was evaluated for the estimation of the escitalopram oxalate and six of its impurities in different pharmaceutical formulations. All columns exhibited a reasonable separation power. Six columns with three different chemistries and two different particle morphology (i.e. core-shell and fully porous particle) were nominated for further evaluation. The objectives of the current study were to develop a simple method for detection of escitalopram oxalate and its impurities and to compare the separation power of the stationary phase of different chemistry and particle properties. The separation was carried out under isocratic elution by using acetonitrile/methanol/water/phosphate buffer solution (pH = 3.5, 50 mM) (25:5:20:50, v/v/v/v) mixture as mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min −1. The core-shell phenyl-hexyl column showed the best separation performance over the traditional octadecyl and pentafluorophenyl phases. The developed method was applied for detection of escitalopram oxalate and its impurities in valid and expired dosage forms.
Background: Skin lightening creams & products (SL) contain certain dangerous chemicals such as me... more Background: Skin lightening creams & products (SL) contain certain dangerous chemicals such as mercury, steroids such as; Clobetasol propionate (CP), hydroquinone (HQ), and a host of others that have negative health implications. Aims: The study focused on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of using these creams, as well as reporting the most common side-effects related to using these products. Methods: This study design was a cross-sectional study from August to October 2021, conducted in different governmental and private dermatological clinics and community pharmacies in Aden-Yemen. Results: A total of 154 women were involved in this study, 58.4% in the age range from 21 to 30 years. About 57% were single and had a high level of education; 61.0% of the participants were university graduates. Nearly half (51.9%) of the participants agreed that they used the SL product due to the climate condition. Around two-thirds (67.5%) of them did not know the ingredients of the SL ...
The chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine available in Yemen. Hence, this local-b... more The chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine available in Yemen. Hence, this local-based study was used to identify the type and frequency of short-term side effects following 48 hours of the first shot of the vaccine. Methods: A cross-section of vaccinated participants in Aden were surveyed by telephone. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 500 participants were included through convenient sampling. 27% of them were health care providers. Nearly 70% of the respondent experienced side effects. The top three side effects reported were fever (n=276, 55.2%), myalgia (n=270, 54%) and fatigue (n=247, 49.4%). Generally, most participants stated that they experienced the side effects after the first 24 hours of vaccination. Conclusion: Side effects that participants experienced were not different from the literature, indicating a safe profile for the vaccine. Further studies are needed to identify the side effects after the second and third dose of the vaccine. In addition, more studies are required to assess the efficacy of the existing vaccines against new variants.
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2021
This review article aims to present a general picture of what telemedicine entails and the import... more This review article aims to present a general picture of what telemedicine entails and the importance of providing quality health care in various medical aspects. The field of telemedicine has noticeably grown-up, with a growing number of applications and a diversity of technologies in different medical specialties and clinical situations by using electronic signals to transfer the medical data from one place to another. At present, health authorities have high anticipation for telemedicine. It addresses several significant challenges to advancing healthcare access to overwhelm the scarcity of specialists tackling epidemic diseases. The article starts with a brief introduction to the evolution of telemedicine and its importance in the health care system. Then, we provide a conceptual context for the proliferation of related concepts, such as telehealth, e-health, and m-health. Our primary concern is to focus on telemedicine's role in epidemic situations, emphasizing the current ...
Rationale, aims and objectives: The participation of all health professionals is essential for en... more Rationale, aims and objectives: The participation of all health professionals is essential for ensuring a quality and successful national postmarketing surveillance program. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among Yemeni community pharmacists (CPs) regarding medication safety in a poor-resource setting. Methods: A survey was conducted among CPs in Aden governorate. The tool comprised of: demographic profile, knowledge-, attitudeand practice-aspects of medication safety. The survey also studied the opinion about future and benefits of ADR reporting in Yemen. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means (SD) were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 450 CPs were enrolled in the study. Most of the participants were males (75%) with a bachelor's degree (91.9%) and between 3-6 years of experience (28%). The majority of CPs had good knowledge regarding the perception and objectives of PV as well as ADRs. Approximately 41% of participants knew the purpose of PV as an essential system for public health and safety with regard to drug use. Additionally, the Yemeni pharmacists had a positive attitude towards the reporting system. Approximately 84% of responders admitted that PV is the responsibility of the pharmacists. The majority of the participants (80%) declared that there is no reporting form available at their workplace. According to CPs, 59% said that ADR reporting in Yemen is not widely promoted by relevant authorities, and 57% replied that lack of information provided by the patient is an obstacle in the reporting system. Approximately 89% of the CPs believed that reporting ADRs would improve patient safety. Conclusions: The CPs have a positive attitude towards PV and an acceptable degree of knowledge. However, the practice level should be upraised.
Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of ... more The current study conducted to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical equivalence of the three available pharmaceutical dosage forms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the local markets (tablets, infusion and eye drops). Three brands for each dosage form were selected and coded as Tablets I, II, III; CIP infusion (Infusion I, II, III) and CIP eye drops (Eye drops I, II, III). Different in vitro quality control tests, physiochemical and determination of active ingredients contents were performed. All brands of tablets have a satisfactory result that complies with the pharmacopeia specification except the hardness of the tablets was more than the recommended value, and the salinity of Infusion II and III was lower than 0.9, the viscosity of the eye drops was lower than the specified value. Post-marketing surveillance is an essential issue to distinguish poor-quality medicines and must be routinely performed to weed out substandard and counterfeit medicine.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Introduction: Banned and harmful medicines can affect patient’s health, safety and life. ... more Introduction: Banned and harmful medicines can affect patient’s health, safety and life. There are two medicines available in Aden community pharmacies (phenolphthalein (PP) and ketoconazole (KZ)) that are globally banned. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability and dispensing of banned phenolphthalein and ketoconazole by community pharmacists. Methods: A preliminary cross-sectional simulated patients method was carried out. The study gathered data on dispensing behavior. Simulated patients were trained to access the availability of banned drugs existing in the community pharmacies. The availability of these two banned drugs was observed and recorded. The pharmacists were asked about the availability of a PP laxative for treating constipation called in Yemen a khat laxative (Sharbat Alkhat) and KZ for fungal infections in 50 convenient samples of community pharmacies that were selected based on ease of access by the simulated patients. Results...
Background Saliva is a biological fluid that has multiple protective functions. These functions c... more Background Saliva is a biological fluid that has multiple protective functions. These functions can be attained only if the saliva keeps certain physo-chemical properties such as pH. The main purpose of the current study was to compare the salivary pH among khat chewers and non-khat chewers before and after specific intervals (15, 30, and 60 minutes) of using three commercially available mouthwashes (MWs). Methods In this cross sectional study, thirty pharmacy student volunteers were divided into three groups of 10 for the three MWs. Each group was then subdivided into 5 volunteers as khat chewer and non-khat chewer. The statistical evaluation was carried out by using paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for in vivo study of salivary pH. Findings Low salivary pH in all khat-user volunteers before and after using MWs was indicated. There was an increase in the salivary pH after 15 minutes of rinsing with the three selected MWs for both groups of volunteers, after that there...
This study was conducted to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral hygiene among ... more This study was conducted to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral hygiene among students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, including (Medicine, pharmacy and dental collages) in Aden -Yemen. Cross sectional questionnaire using 12 questions about the habit of using oral health products and knowledge was conducted from April to May 2018for the 205 students of different genders and ages. Among the study population, (48.29%) brushing at least twice a day, (42.43%) once a day. The participants use chemical toothpastes with (45.58%), about (48.29%) prevailed the choice of quality. The students’ mothers were the guide for teeth brushing and oral health (37.07%), about (49.75%) of students replaced toothbrush every three months. Simple descriptive statistics and the chisquare test were applied to state characteristics related to the knowledge and to establish relationships between categorical variables, the data were analyzed statistically by using Graph pad prism ...
Introduction: Antimicrobials are among the most widely used and misused medicines worldwide. Resi... more Introduction: Antimicrobials are among the most widely used and misused medicines worldwide. Resistance to antimicrobials is an emerging global issue, mainly in developing countries. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are therefore important, but their implementation in Yemen warrants investigation. Objective: The study aimed to determine the perception and self-reported practices of AMS by community pharmacists in Aden, Yemen. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to May 2019 using pre-designed structured questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used for data analysis version 22 (SPSS Incorporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Three hundred community pharmacists were audited, of which, 219 were males (73.0%) and 81 (27.0%) were females. Fifty-nine percent of the pharmacists were familiar with the vital role of AMS program and it is importance in enhancing patient care. Less than half of the respondents (45.3%) strongly...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain ... more Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain health and well-being is common in different countries. Despite the high prevalence of this activity in Yemen, there is neither proper regulation that controls the production, standardization, quality control and use nor an appropriate system for herbal pharmacovigilance in Yemen. Yemenis prefer to use herbs before resorting to allopathic medicines, sometimes in concomitant or alternative to the allopathic medication. Most people believe that herbs are safe, though there are many side effects associated with herbal medicines. For the safe and effective use of traditional herbal medication, there should be a regulation from the official authorities that controls their preparation, selling, quality control, production, and monitoring of the side effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated a guideline for monitoring herbal safety within the current pharmacovigilance framework. Howev...
Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Cupping therapy (CT), also known as (Al-Hijamah) is one of the therapeutic techniques that were p... more Cupping therapy (CT), also known as (Al-Hijamah) is one of the therapeutic techniques that were practiced in many countries of the world in ancient times and it is still used now. The current study was aimed to evaluate some components of the venous blood and comparing the results with that in the blood withdrawn during cupping therapy (CT). The method was carried out by taking blood samples from the scarified area that were made during CT on the skin and venous blood samples. Eighteen mostly healthy male participants were selected randomly between ages 25-61 years. About 5 ml of blood samples were collected from the vein and cupping site for each participant and biochemical parameters that are blood glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol were analyzed. All studied parameters were high in the cupping blood in comparison with the venous blood where it was noted that cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), as well as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), were statistically significant at (p<0.001) ...
Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study a... more Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study aimed to determine ESC-OX in human urine and different pharmaceutical dosage forms via the electrochemical method. The electrochemical behavior of ESC-OX was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at hanging mercury dropping electrode (HMDE). The maximum reduction potential was determined to be − 0.55 and − 0.57 V at pH 6.5 in a cell containing 5% (v/v) methanol and 0.3 M KCl. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of the cathodic peak current versus the concentration was linear in the range of 4.143-29.0 µg mL −1. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.15 µg mL −1 and 1.31 µg mL −1 , 3.490 µg mL −1 and 3.97 µg mL −1 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. The investigation of electrochemical reduction of ESC-OX on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction that involves a four-electron reduction of the nitrile group. For analytical purposes, a stable and well-defined peak was obtained in DPV mode. The average accuracy was found to be 101.60% ± 0.48 and 99.72% ± 5.64 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. Moreover, the developed method was precise with RSD % below 2% for both samples. The validation of the developed method was carried out as stated in the ICH Q2(R) 1 guideline. The proposed technique was effectively utilized for the determination of ESC-OX in different pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples. Neither excipients nor endogenous substances have electroactive interferences.
Uploads
Papers by farooq shikh