Papers by International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research (IJMLR)
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research
Teeth are one of the most resilient structures in the human body, with respect to incineration, i... more Teeth are one of the most resilient structures in the human body, with respect to incineration, immersion, trauma, mutilation, and decomposition, and thus, are used in forensic investigations. Hard tissues like Teeth apart from bones are rich sources of DNA. The calcified nature of bones and teeth helps to keep them preserved when other parts of the body are destroyed or degraded in mass disasters. Teeth are frequently chosen sources of DNA because of their special makeup and location within the jawbone, which offers more protection to DNA than bones. Teeth with larger pulp and multi-root contain many pulp cells and have more tooth cementum, compared to single-root teeth. Regardless of the sort of laboratory process adopted or the time since death, studies have shown that molars and premolars are suitable candidates for obtaining DNA profiles. The aim of this article is to collate all information regarding tools and methodologies pertaining to isolating DNA from tooth samples and hi...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research
Background. This is a community-based, prospective, and analytical study aimed to determine the f... more Background. This is a community-based, prospective, and analytical study aimed to determine the frequencies of Rhesus blood group (Rh) alleles, haplotypes, and probable genotypes, and establishing baseline data. Materials and Methods. Following informed consent, a total of 1,000 venous blood samples from unrelated individuals were collected. Particle gel immunological diffusion and slide agglutination procedures were used to screen red blood cells for common Rhesus antigens. The frequencies of genes/alleles and haplotypes, as well as the most likely genotypes, were determined. Jaccard's coefficient of similarities was used to calculate similarities between different Sudanese populations. The same coefficient was used to figure out where these people came from. Results. The ē, and the D genes were the commonest alleles detected with frequencies of 98.4%, 93.8% and 90.7% respectively. The C and the E genes were the least frequent with 58.4% and 21.0% frequencies respectively. The ...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2022
Aim: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolate... more Aim: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical materials sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital, to investigate the mechanisms mediating antibiotic and antiseptic resistance, to determine the SCCmec type of methicillin-resistant isolates. Materials and Method: Overall, 187 S. aureus were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were performed by the disc diffusion method and evaluated according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Antibiotic resistance, antiseptic resistance, and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types in MRSA strains were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: While all of the isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin; various rates of resistance for penicillin (87.1%), cefoxitin (49.93%), erythromycin (19.79%), ciprofl...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2021
Background and aim: All over the world, anemia is one of the most common blood disorder associate... more Background and aim: All over the world, anemia is one of the most common blood disorder associated with several health problems including low physical and cognitive performance, worse clinical outcomes and increased risk of morbidity and mortality especially among elderly hospitalized patients. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of previously undiagnosed anemia among hospitalized elderly patients who aged 60 years and older. Method: This study is a prospective population-based observational study of all elderly patients admitted at King Abdul-Aziz hospital in Taif city of Saudi Arabia. The study conducted from January 2020 to January 2021. A total of 66 elderly patients who have newly diagnosed as anemic and agreed to participate in the study were investigated to confirm their diagnosis with anemia. Results: The results of this study showed that 66 of hospitalized elderly patients were detected with low hemoglobin level and never diagnosed previously. Low MCV and Low MCH were detected in the results of 21 anemic patients. Thus, these patients were identified with microcytic hypochromic anemia. Moreover, the serum iron level for those patients were investigated and showed low result compared to control individuals. Conclusion: High number of elderly patients who, admitted to the hospital at the study period were newly diagnosed with anemia, out of those 31.8% were reported with microcytic hypochromic anemia. This study suggested that regular clinical checkup and early diagnosis of anemia among elderly are important factors to reduce or prevent the incidence of many serious health problem associated with this disorder.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2021
Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies are recognized to be associated to thrombosis and obstetr... more Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies are recognized to be associated to thrombosis and obstetric complications. Preeclampsia is a frequent pregnancy complication in our context. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and its association with severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Burkina Faso. Methods: We carried out a hospital-based unmatched case-control study including 86 women with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia and 87 controls. LA were diagnosed using Diluted Russel's Viper Venom time screening and confirmation tests. Positive lupus anticoagulant was defined if the screen to confirmation ratio was over 1.2. Results: The prevalence of LA was 22.1% in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and 3.4% in control (OR = 6.12; 1.45-25.84; p = 0.014). The primigravida accounted for68.2% of positive LA and had 2.69 odds of being positive to lupus anticoagulant compared to multigravida (OR = 2.69; [1.04-6.97]; p = 0.042). The LA could be suspected to be a part of the aetiologies of obstetrical complications (cases of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome) in four cases (4.6%) of study-group. Conclusion: We certainly failed to diagnosis all cases of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome in our study population, since we screened only LA. It is necessary to implement complementary assays for antiphospholipid antibodies detection in order to improve the exploration of pregnancy complications and thrombotic diseases.
BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting is a debilitating side effect in the treatment of cancer with che... more BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting is a debilitating side effect in the treatment of cancer with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At times this also affects the planned treatment schedule and the outcome. The present study was conducted to assess the incidence of acute nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy METHODS: This was a prospective study and was carried out in a super specialty cancer hospital from June to July 2013. The incidence of nausea and vomiting were documented in 93 cancer patients requiring curative chemotherapy or radiotherapy after a week of treatment initiation. RESULTS: Majority of the patients were males, between the age group of 51 to 60 years, afflicted by cancers in the head and neck region and undergoing curative treatment. Diabetes was the most common co morbidity. The results of the study indicated that patients having co morbidities; undergoing chemotherapy or chemo radiotherapy were having more severe incidence of naus...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2021
Background and aim: Monitoring and diagnosis of benign or premalignant lesions as it progresses t... more Background and aim: Monitoring and diagnosis of benign or premalignant lesions as it progresses to a malignant condition is very necessary as its importance is the probability of itsabilityto predict or curb progression to the malignant condition and Immunohistochemistry could be a useful tool in achieving this as immunohistochemical markers are specific in nature. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the expression of the immunohistochemical markers; BCL-2, E cadherin and PSA (prostate specific antigen) in BPH and PCa and their ability to be useful in the prediction of the progression to Prostatic malignant lesions. Sample and method: A total of 60 tissue blocks were retrieved from the pathology archive, previously collected from males histologically confirmed to be present with previously untreated BPH and malignant cases (PCa), consisting 10 normal cases (control), 20 BPH cases and 30 PCa cases which consisted of both LGPIN and HGPIN. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on the samples. The immunohistochemical staining was evaluated and the results were considered. Result: Cytoplasmic BCL-2 staining was expressed, Membrane staining of E-cadherin was expressed and cytoplasmic PSA was expressed within the cells of normal, BPH and PCa tissues. There was an upregulation of BCL-2 and down regulation of E-cadherin in the progression to the malignant condition and PSA showed a reduced expression in undifferentiated malignancy. Conclusion: The expression of BCL-2, E-cadherin and PSA in Normal, BPH and malignant prostatic tissue has confirmed the ability of immunohistochemistry (its markers) tosurveil the progression of prostate cancer.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2021
It was aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenem resistant (CRPA) andsuscep... more It was aimed to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenem resistant (CRPA) andsusceptible P. aeruginosa (CSPA) strains and to determine the presence of carbapenemasegenes in CRPA strains. Methods: Fifty CRPA and 251 CSPA were included into the study. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using the automated system. The presence of carbapenemasegenes (blaIMP, blaSPM, blaAIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaKPC) in CRPA strains were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Results: CRPA isolates were found to be more resistant to amikacin, aztreonam, gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin / tazobactamthan CSPA. Amikacin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, cefepime, gentamicin, levofloxacin, netilmycin, piperacillin, tobramycin, piperacillin/tazobactam MIC values of CRPA strains were found to be higher than MIC values of CSPA strains. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 14,6% and higher in the CRPA group. Inthe CRPA strains, among blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSPM, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaAIM and blaOXAgenes, blaIMP was found in one strain and blaVIM gene in three strains. Conclusions: The carbapenem resistance and MDR rate in ours tudy, were found to be lesser than the rates in our country. It was found that CRPA were also more resistant to other antibiotics than CSPA. IMP and VIM type enzymes were found in our study. Together with other studies conducted in our hospital, this study showed that carbapenemases were not common in P. Aeruginosa strains isolated in our hospital. Identifying these enzymes epidemiologically is important in preventing the spread of resistance.
Received: 31 Dec, 2020/Revision: 14 March, 2021 /Accepted: 29 March, 2021 ABSTRACT: Introduction:... more Received: 31 Dec, 2020/Revision: 14 March, 2021 /Accepted: 29 March, 2021 ABSTRACT: Introduction: In order to improve the critical value notification (CVN) in our hematology laboratory of a busy trauma care set up, the study was planned with an aim of evaluating and improving the critical value notification process using the principles of Quality Improvement. Settings and Design: The pretest/post-test intervention study was conducted in the hematology laboratory of a trauma care set up over three months by undertaking three Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycles. Materials and Methods: In the preintervention phase, process mapping and fish bone analysis were done to identify barriers for CVN. Barrier specific solutions were proposed, discussed and implemented. CVN rate was calculated in all phases and process improvement was measured. For the perspective of the medical technologists, a feedback form was circulated. SQUIRE guidelines were followed to write the manuscript. Statistical analys...
Background: FLT3 mutations are common genetic changes reported to have prognostic significance in... more Background: FLT3 mutations are common genetic changes reported to have prognostic significance in acute leukemia. Fms-like tyrosine kisnase-3 (FLT3) belongs to class-III tyrosine kinase family and plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. The present study investigated the prevalence, distribution pattern in different cytogenetic groups and association with clinical parameters in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) patients. Methods: FLT3/ITD mutation was studied in Pre-B ALL (n=82) and Pre-T ALL (n=29) patients by PCR in exons 14 and 15 of FLT3 gene. Results: FLT3/ITD was detected in 7.3 % of Pre-B ALL patients. However, no FLT3/ITD mutation was detected in Pre-T ALL patients. Prevalence of FLT3/ITD (9.5%) among pediatric (<15 years) patients was high with normal cytogenetics (n=18). In patients with t (9:22) translocation (n=22) and hyperdiploidy (n=3), FLT3/ITD mutation was detected in 9.5% and 67% patients respectively. No stati...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Introduction: Infection caused by intestinal parasites is still a common health problem with spec... more Introduction: Infection caused by intestinal parasites is still a common health problem with special concern in developing countries; the severest age group affected are children. Studies suggest that even moderate intensity of infection may have adverse effects on growth, anaemia and cognitive function. Objective: Aim: This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school going children. Materials and MethodA total of 380 children between 5 and 15 years of age participated in the study. Early morning stool specimen was collected for microscopic, macroscopic examination and for concentration techniques. Results: Infections were more prevalent in males than in females. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found to be 52.10%. Prevalence of protozoan parasites was significantly higher i.e.47.36% and that of helminthic parasites was 4.73%. In our study Entamoeba histolytica was the most common protozoan parasite (32.82%), foll...
Primary amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The morbidity arises from ex... more Primary amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The morbidity arises from extracellular deposition of immunoglobulin light chain fibrils in some organs such as the kidneys, heart and bowel. Distinctive haematological and biochemical laboratory findings may help in early diagnosis. Here we present a 60-year-old lady with an generalized amyloidosis. On microscopy sections show small fragments of structure less material was seen giving orange-red appearance, when stained with Congo Red. Our comprehensive overview of this rare and often fatal disease aims to increase the awareness of AL type amyloidosis. This may facilitate earlier diagnosis and thus allow initiation of prompt and specific therapies, which are indispensable in order to improve disease prognosis.
Introduction: VonWillebrand disease (VWD) is considered the most common autosomal inherited bleed... more Introduction: VonWillebrand disease (VWD) is considered the most common autosomal inherited bleeding disorder. Laboratory testing for diagnosis or exclusion of VWD is based on a complex of different diagnostic assays. In the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected VWD, the von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer assay is one of the most important indicators for VWF quality. This study aims to assess the VWF multimers profile in patients with bleeding tendency and increase knowledge and awareness of VWD laboratory diagnosis in Estonia. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the laboratory results of 131 individuals who were selected from the laboratory information system based on the request of VWF tests profile and 31 healthy volunteers for comparison. Results: Control group, non-VWD patients and patients suspected with VWD type 2N or mild haemophilia A demonstrated normal VWF multimer (VWF:MM) pattern. Patients with low VWF and suspected with VWD type 1 also showed normal...
BACKGROUND: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), by Staphylococcus aureus is a commonly obser... more BACKGROUND: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), by Staphylococcus aureus is a commonly observed phenomena. However, when the organism is methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) the morbidity is high and the organism can also lead to death of the individual if immunocompromised. Treatment of MRSA involves use of high end drugs that are extremely expensive and accompanied by side effects. METHODS: This is a retrospective study and the medical records for the year 2010 and 2015 for S aureus in SSTIs were accessed. The two time points were selected because in the beginning of the decade Hospital Infection control was upgraded and emphasized through rigorous sensitization and implementation audits. The incidence and drug resistance pattern for various clinically used antibiotics against S aureus at two time points were analyzed.RESULTS:The results indicated that there was a 23.24% decrease in the incidence of MRSA and was significant (p< 0.019). However there was an increase in re...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is complex immune system with many applications in transfusion and ... more Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is complex immune system with many applications in transfusion and transplant medicine. A lot of clinical challenges such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and graft-versus-host-disease are caused by HLA antibodies. Histocompatibility in transplant scenario is not the only function of HLA antigens but the main role is to present peptides to immune system and regulate cellular and humoral immunity for the fate of graft. HLA Class I (A, B, and C) and HLA Class II (DR, DQ, and DP) antigens are different in structure and function. Their typing methods have progressed from serology-based techniques to sequence-based typing to next-generation sequencing. Cross-matching techniques have also changed from complement-dependent cytotoxicity to microbead-based assay to flow cytometry. Finally, HLA and its disease association has long been established, particularly so in cases of autoimmune disorders. The article will be helpful for beginners to get introduced about this unique system and principles in transplant immunology.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Intestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies that are usually detected during infan... more Intestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies that are usually detected during infancy or early childhood. Though they can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine is the commonest site of occurrence. Majority of the enteric cysts have a communication with the adjacent bowel Completely isolated enteric duplication cysts are a rare variety of duplication cysts having no communication with any part of the adjacent bowel segment and an independent blood supply. These cysts often present with non-specific symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting thereby ,highlighting the importance of ultrasound as an aid to precise and timely diagnosis. Histopathological examination is confirmatory, with excision of the cyst being the preferred treatment. We present a rare case of an isolated intestinal duplication cyst in a teenage boy which remained undetected in childhood.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death and India, is one am... more Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death and India, is one among the leading contributors. This study was undertaken to assess the clinic-laboratory profile of the patients diagnosed with Pulmonary TB (PTB) and evaluate differences between dead and alive PTB patients. Material and methods: : This is a retrospective study, conducted in the patients diagnosed with PTB from January 2016 to December 2018. The clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of the patients diagnosed with Pulmonary TB at the time of presentation to the tertiary care hospital was noted and compared among the age matched healthy individuals. We further looked for prognostic factors among the tuberculosis patients who died and survived. Results: A total of 209 patients were diagnosed with PTB during the study period. The prevalence of TB was higher in males. Most of the TB patients belonged to the age group 31-60 years. Among the PTB patients, cough with expectoration was the most common symptoms followed by fever and breathlessness. Nearly 50% patients had symptoms for less than 2 weeks. The right upper zone was the most common zone involved radiologically. When compared to healthy individuals, TB patients had significantly low haemoglobin, while there was raise in total leukocyte count, platelet count ESR, Blood urea, and LFT. The mortality in TB patients was associated with low haemoglobin, lower differential macrophage count and lower globulin. Conclusion: In our study population, PTB was common in males, and in age group of 31-60 years. Patients with Cough with expectoration with 2 weeks duration, anaemic, leucocytosis and raised ESR must be investigated extensively for Pulmonary TB. Patients (PTB) with were severe anaemia and lower differential macrophage count had higher mortality rate.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Diazepam is a medication of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect. I... more Diazepam is a medication of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions including anxiety, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, seizures, trouble sleeping, and restless legs syndrome. Diazepam was analyzed by using different instrumentation techniques such as HPLC,GLC,LC-MS,GC-MS etc. An attempt has been made to develop a new method for analysis of Diazepam in Biological sample such as blood using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Plate. Diazepam was extracted from blood using liquid-liquid extraction method and analyzed by using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Plate. For Chromatographic separation, various binary and tertiary solvent systems were used as mobile phase. Fifteen different solvent systems with different volumetric ratios were used in separation and identification of Diazepam. Developed plates were viewed under UV light followed by spray of chromogenic reagents which successfully increased the sensitivity without dispensing the simplicity of the method. The method developed is a simple, rapid, expensive, non-destructive and reproducible which can be performed in any laboratory easily.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2020
Introduction: Neoplasm of gastrointestine (GIT) is one of the leading cause of death.Early detect... more Introduction: Neoplasm of gastrointestine (GIT) is one of the leading cause of death.Early detection of malignancy greatly improves the survival rate of the patients. Along with histological study of biopsy specimens, cytological study also provide an accurate reflection of many pathological processes. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare immediate crush smear cytodiagnosis with the histopathology diagnosis. Materials and methods: 18 cases were studied in present study. Crush smears prepared and stained with MGG &PAP stain. HPE was done in 14 cases. Results: On cytology 4/18 cases were non neoplastic. Rest 11/14 cases(79%) showed correlation between cytology and Histopathology. Conclusion: Crush smear cytology is highly sensitive, specific, cheap, easier and quick procedure for identification of GIT malignancy. It can be used as an adjunct to histopathology for diagnosis of GIT lesions.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research, 2019
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has seen enormous growth in clinical la... more Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has seen enormous growth in clinical laboratories during the last decades due to the fact that it offers analytical specificity superior to that of immunoassays or conventional high performance liquid chromatography. Then, most chemicals and metabolites are now assayed by LC-MS/MS. The "Lactulose\Mannitol recovery ratio (LAMA test)" is a non-invasive gastrointestinal test for the assessment of intestinal absorption and barrier function of the bowel. This article describes an optimized LC-MS/MS method used for the determination of these two sugars, characterized by rapidity, sensitivity, and easy automation.
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Papers by International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research (IJMLR)