Papers by dr.nidha gaffoor
Indian dermatology online journal, Jul 5, 2024
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology/Indian journal of pathology and microbiology, May 10, 2024
Panacea journal of medical sciences, Mar 15, 2024
Background: A good pathology museum is intended to strengthen the intellectual material for the u... more Background: A good pathology museum is intended to strengthen the intellectual material for the undergraduate students and visits to a pathology museum are an indispensable part of teaching pathology to medical students. The preservation of anatomy of pathological specimen is of utmost importance as the new successful current methods of therapy are changing the picture of diseases beyond recognition. Objectives: We aim to elaborate the processes, difficulties and challenges faced in developing and setting up the pathology museum in a nascent medical college in a rural area. Materials and Methods: The new museum was set up in accordance with the guidelines provided by the National Medical Commission in addition to the guidelines of the state university. Literature search and discussions with other medical colleges all over the country also played an important role in the setting up of the museum. Conclusions: Our effort is to present our experience as hands on experience for setting up a pathology museum from a scratch for the pathologists, students and the technicians and also to increase the awareness to utilize the museum for innovative and interactive learning sessions for students by usage of QR coded specimens, museum catalogues, interactive E-kiosks and maintaining of log books. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Indian Journal of Nephrology
Sudan journal of medical sciences, Mar 31, 2023
Background: Leiomyomas are by far the commonest uterine neoplasms in the female reproductive age ... more Background: Leiomyomas are by far the commonest uterine neoplasms in the female reproductive age group. Giant leiomyomas are quite scarce and when longstanding tend to undergo various degenerations owing to decreased blood supply which on imaging may simulate malignancy owing to compromised blood supply and may simulate malignancy on imaging. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 48-year-old post-menopausal multiparous woman complaining of intermittent lower abdominal pain for a month. Suspected as an ovarian tumor clinically and on ultrasound, this was seconded by raised serum CA125 levels. Histopathological examination gave a definitive diagnosis of a giant uterine leiomyoma along with multiple fibroids exhibiting multiple degenerations. Conclusion: Degenerated leiomyomas can masquerade malignancy and hence should be one of the first differentials in women of reproductive age group presenting with complex abdominopelvic masses.
Journal of laboratory physicians, Feb 24, 2023
Background Breast cancer is an epithelial malignancy; however, stroma plays a key role with its s... more Background Breast cancer is an epithelial malignancy; however, stroma plays a key role with its stimulatory and inhibitory factors in modulating tumor invasion and metastasis. CD10, a matrix metalloproteinase, is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration and helps in determining the progression of tumor. This knowledge helps to identify specific signals that promote growth, dedifferentiation, invasion, metastasis and serve as target for better therapeutic management. Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate frequency of expression of stromal CD10 and assess its prognostic significance in breast carcinomas by correlating with known prognostic factors. Materials and Methods Morphological parameters of 62 cases of carcinoma breast were studied on H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) stained sections and expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and CD10 on manually constructed tissue microarray sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining pattern, percentage of stained cells, and intensity of stains were evaluated and IHC scoring of all markers was done. CD10 scores were correlated with the known prognostic factors (ER, PR, and HER2/neu). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Stromal expression of CD10 was found in 82.3% of cases and it was significantly associated with increasing tumor size (p ¼ 0.012), increasing tumor grade (p ¼ 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p ¼ 0.018), necrosis (p ¼ 0.008), lymphovascular invasion (p ¼ 0.008), ER negativity (p ¼ 0.001), PR negativity(p ¼ 0.007), HER 2 positivity (p ¼ 0.012), triple-negative molecular subtypes (p ¼ 0.001), and poor prognostic groups (p ¼ 0.01). Conclusion CD10 can be used as an independent prognostic stromal marker and this will help to envisage new therapeutic strategies.
International journal of human and health sciences, Sep 18, 2022
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has immensely burdened healthcare. Susceptibility and severity of i... more Background: COVID-19 pandemic has immensely burdened healthcare. Susceptibility and severity of infection though largely determined by an individual's immunity, age and comorbidities; however, recent literature reported that ABO blood type might be a contributory factor by virtue of its antigenic properties. Objective: To explore the distribution of ABO & Rh blood types in COVID-19 patients and correlate the same with clinical severity and mortality. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2021 at a tertiary care centre. Data of ABO & Rh blood type of COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital was collected. Details on severity and mortality was obtained from hospital database. Pearson's chi square test was used to compare categorical data. p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 548 cases were included, with mean age of 48.8 ±7.1 years and male predominance. O positive (45.1%) and A negative (0.7%) were most and least frequently affected respectively. Majority were Rh positive (96.0%). 143 were severely ill requiring intensive care. Among the fifty-six deceased, most belonged to O blood group. No significant association was observed between blood type with severity/mortality. Conclusion: ABO blood type cannot be a pivotal biomarker for predicting COVID-19 associated severity and mortality. With limited literature in this field revealing diverse findings, a definitive association between blood type and COVID-19 is challenging. This may indicate unexplored underlying contributing factors, not necessarily blood group or type of antibodies present.
Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2021
Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm, falling under the umbrella of t... more Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm, falling under the umbrella of tumors with follicular differentiation generally presenting as papulonodular growth with surface ulceration over sun-exposed skin. Histologically, it mimics tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors. As there is a difference of opinion regarding the histopathological criteria for TC, a definitive diagnosis should be confined to cases having the majority of histomorphological findings with immunohistochemical corroboration to help define the clinicopathological behavior of this disease. Rarity, indolent clinical course in spite of local aggressiveness and a good survival rate postexcision further undermine the importance of this unique entity.
New Indian journal of OBGYN, Feb 1, 2023
Mixed epithelial ovarian tumors, by definition are composed of admixtures of two or more of the f... more Mixed epithelial ovarian tumors, by definition are composed of admixtures of two or more of the five major cell types: serous, mucinous, endometroid, clear cell and Brenner/ transitional. According to WHO, neoplasms containing minor component more than 10% named as mixed carcinomas. These tumors comprise less than 4% of all the ovarian epithelial stromal neoplasms. We present a case of a 54year old postmenopausal women presented with lower abdominal pain for 3months, mass per abdomen for 1month. Ultrasonography revealed a bilateral ovarian mass suggestive of malignant cystadenoma. With high CA 125 (498.5U/ml) favored ovarian malignancy, planned for staging laparotomy and proceed. Histopathology revealed malignant Brenner tumor in left ovary and malignant mixed epithelial tumor composed of malignant Brenner tumor with high grade serous carcinoma (50%) in right ovary. Mixed epithelial tumors are rare and pose a diagnostic dilemma; multiple histopathological sections should be evaluated to rule out the presence of dual neoplasm.
Journal of Applied Hematology
Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences
Laboratory physician's role by and large is confined to diagnostics and academics. Exposure o... more Laboratory physician's role by and large is confined to diagnostics and academics. Exposure on practical aspects is limited which is nevertheless essential. There is a significant gap in literature on how a four walled space is transformed into functioning laboratory.. We wish to narrate challenges and experiences faced during the process of setting up a diagnostic pathology laboratory attached to a teaching hospital in a rural geographic area. Bulk of data is the authors first-hand experience in setting up the laboratory from October 2019 to July 2021. For specifications and infrastructure related information, guidelines of national and international statutory governing bodies like National Medical Commission (NMC), National Board for Accreditation of Laboratories(NABL), Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) were referred along with discussion from peers working in established laboratories. Various facets to make a laboratory fully functional were compiled and prese...
Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences
Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm, falling under the umbrella of t... more Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm, falling under the umbrella of tumors with follicular differentiation generally presenting as papulonodular growth with surface ulceration over sun-exposed skin. Histologically, it mimics tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors. As there is a difference of opinion regarding the histopathological criteria for TC, a definitive diagnosis should be confined to cases having the majority of histomorphological findings with immunohistochemical corroboration to help define the clinicopathological behavior of this disease. Rarity, indolent clinical course in spite of local aggressiveness and a good survival rate postexcision further undermine the importance of this unique entity.
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Leiomyomas are by far the commonest uterine neoplasms in the female reproductive age ... more Background: Leiomyomas are by far the commonest uterine neoplasms in the female reproductive age group. Giant leiomyomas are quite scarce and when longstanding tend to undergo various degenerations owing to decreased blood supply which on imaging may simulate malignancy owing to compromised blood supply and may simulate malignancy on imaging.Case Presentation: We present a case of a 48-year-old post-menopausal multiparous woman complaining of intermittent lower abdominal pain for a month. Suspected as an ovarian tumor clinically and on ultrasound, this was seconded by raised serum CA125 levels. Histopathological examination gave a definitive diagnosis of a giant uterine leiomyoma along with multiple fibroids exhibiting multiple degenerations.Conclusion: Degenerated leiomyomas can masquerade malignancy and hence should be one of the first differentials in women of reproductive age group presenting with complex abdominopelvic masses.
Indian Journal of Surgery, Nov 30, 2022
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, Mar 15, 2022
Pedunculated tumours are soft, compressible skin-coloured solitary lesions, predominantly occurri... more Pedunculated tumours are soft, compressible skin-coloured solitary lesions, predominantly occurring on buttocks and thighs that need to be categorized rightly. We describe three solitary pedunculated masses of the pelvic girdle encountered in obese females. Primary clinical differential diagnoses included fibroepithelial polyps, lipoma, papilloma and nevus lipomatosus superficialis. Histopathological features helped in narrowing down definitive diagnosis of these look alike lesions as pedunculated lipofibroma or solitary form of Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis (NCLS) which is a broad-based lesion with aggregates of mature adipocytes extending into the dermis and Fibroepithelial polyp which displays loose dermal fibrocollagenous stroma with entrapped blood vessels in the absence of admixed adipose tissue. Though treatment of choice for these lesions is excision, it would be of interest for pathologists to be acquainted with these clinical mimics displaying divergent histology.
Journal of Laboratory Physicians
Background Breast cancer is an epithelial malignancy; however, stroma plays a key role with its s... more Background Breast cancer is an epithelial malignancy; however, stroma plays a key role with its stimulatory and inhibitory factors in modulating tumor invasion and metastasis. CD10, a matrix metalloproteinase, is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration and helps in determining the progression of tumor. This knowledge helps to identify specific signals that promote growth, dedifferentiation, invasion, metastasis and serve as target for better therapeutic management. Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate frequency of expression of stromal CD10 and assess its prognostic significance in breast carcinomas by correlating with known prognostic factors. Materials and Methods Morphological parameters of 62 cases of carcinoma breast were studied on H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) stained sections and expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and CD10 on manually constructed tissue microarray sections by im...
The New Indian Journal of OBGYN
Mixed epithelial ovarian tumors, by definition are composed of admixtures of two or more of the f... more Mixed epithelial ovarian tumors, by definition are composed of admixtures of two or more of the five major cell types: serous, mucinous, endometroid, clear cell and Brenner/ transitional. According to WHO, neoplasms containing minor component more than 10% named as mixed carcinomas. These tumors comprise less than 4% of all the ovarian epithelial stromal neoplasms. We present a case of a 54year old postmenopausal women presented with lower abdominal pain for 3months, mass per abdomen for 1month. Ultrasonography revealed a bilateral ovarian mass suggestive of malignant cystadenoma. With high CA 125 (498.5U/ml) favored ovarian malignancy, planned for staging laparotomy and proceed. Histopathology revealed malignant Brenner tumor in left ovary and malignant mixed epithelial tumor composed of malignant Brenner tumor with high grade serous carcinoma (50%) in right ovary. Mixed epithelial tumors are rare and pose a diagnostic dilemma; multiple histopathological sections should be evaluated to rule out the presence of dual neoplasm.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Introduction: Laboratory parameters are crucial in diagnosis and prognosis of Coronavirus Disease... more Introduction: Laboratory parameters are crucial in diagnosis and prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It would be of interest to explore morphological changes in infected White Blood Cells (WBCs). A detailed examination of peripheral smears may shed light on pathophysiology of infected cell lines and differentiate them from those in established viral infections like dengue and infectious mononucleosis. Aim: To study morphological changes of WBCs in peripheral smears of severe and non severe cases of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India, from April 2021 to August 2021 on 120 peripheral smears of adult COVID-19 positive cases. Abnormal morphological features were graded by counting 100 cells in each of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocyte lineage. Changes were compared and analysed between severe...
International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS)
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has immensely burdened healthcare. Susceptibility and severity of i... more Background: COVID-19 pandemic has immensely burdened healthcare. Susceptibility and severity of infection though largely determined by an individual’s immunity, age and comorbidities; however, recent literature reported that ABO blood type might be a contributory factor by virtue of its antigenic properties.Objective: To explore the distribution of ABO & Rh blood types in COVID -19 patients and correlate the same with clinical severity and mortality.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2021 at a tertiary care centre. Data of ABO & Rh blood type of COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital was collected. Details on severity and mortality was obtained from hospital database. Pearson’s chi square test was used to compare categorical data. p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 548 cases were included, with mean age of 48.8 ±7.1 years and male predominance. O positive (45.1%) and A negative (0.7%) were most and...
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU
Adnexal tumors possess a remarkable capacity for morphological diversity and often present with n... more Adnexal tumors possess a remarkable capacity for morphological diversity and often present with nonspecific clinical presentations. Definitive diagnosis is made on histopathology with categorization based on the predominant morphological component. We present a case of a 31-year-old woman, with a swelling in the upper one-third of the right leg suspected clinically to be an infected sebaceous cyst. Histopathological examination clinched the diagnosis of a nodular hidradenoma. We wish to present this case not only for its uncommon clinical presentation but also for the diverse spectrum of histomorphological features that can be exhibited by this tumor. The case also emphasizes to surgeons the importance of complete surgical resection given the chances of recurrence and rare cases of malignant transformation associated with this entity.
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Papers by dr.nidha gaffoor