This work explores the thickness dependence of magneto-transport properties in Cu 80 Co 20 granul... more This work explores the thickness dependence of magneto-transport properties in Cu 80 Co 20 granular thin films with different thickness. These results are compared with silver-based film series studied earlier. It was observed that the thickness dependence of the GMR effect was sensitive to the surface chemistry of the films. The extraordinary Hall effect ͑EHE͒ in these films was measured and found to be different from the Ag-based system. In the Cu-based system, the EHE is a weak function of film thickness over the range studied. When the variation of the spontaneous magnetization is taken into account the effective EHE has a universal thickness dependence.
Therapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) does not end with treatm... more Therapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) does not end with treatment of the initial lesion because almost 50% of patients with one nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) develop another NMSC in the next 5 years. An integrated program of skin cancer awareness, sun protection, and prophylactic approaches is critical. The risk profile of the tumor influences which therapies and specialties will be involved. Most NMSCs may be treated with outpatient methods. Primary care physicians may treat low-risk tumors, but dermatologists specially trained in cutaneous oncology and a multidisciplinary team should manage high-risk lesions. Superficial BCC and SCC may be treated adequately with superficial modalities such as electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC) and cryotherapy. Topical 5-fluorouracil is effective for small in situ lesions. Invasive but low-risk lesions may be treated with EDC and cryotherapy provided that the tumor is limited to the papillary dermis, is not recurrent, and does not have high-risk features. High-risk tumors are best treated with excision and histologic examination or Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). MMS is the therapeutic gold standard for all NMSCs in terms of cure rates, margin control, and tissue conservation. Because of its higher cost and specialized process, MMS is best reserved for specific indications.
Weekly cycles of the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols have been observed in many regions a... more Weekly cycles of the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols have been observed in many regions around the world. The phase and the magnitude of these cycles, however, vary greatly depending on region and season. In the present study the authors investigated important features of the weekly cycles of aerosol concentration and the covariations in meteorological conditions in major urban regions over east China, one of the most polluted areas in the world, in summertime during the period 2001-2005/2006. The PM10 (aerosol particulate matters of diameter < 10µm) concentrations at 29 monitoring stations show significant weekly cycles with the largest values around midweek and smallest values in weekend. Accompanying the PM10 cycle, the meteorological variables also show notable and consistent weekly cycles. The wind speed in lower troposphere is relatively small in the early part of the week, and increases after about Wednesday. At the same time, the air temperature anomalies in low levels are positive, and then become negative in the later part of the week. The authors hypothesized that the changes in the atmospheric circulation may be triggered by the accumulation of PM10 through diabatic heating of lower troposphere. During the early part of a week the anthropogenic aerosols are gradually accumulated in the lower troposphere. Around midweek, the accumulated aerosols could induce radiative heating, likely destabilizing the mid-to lower troposphere and generating anomalously vertical air motion, and thus resulting in stronger winds. The resulting circulation could promote ventilation to reduce aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer during the later part of the week. Corresponding to this cycle in anthropogenic aerosols the frequency of precipitation, particularly the light rain events, tends to be suppressed around mid-weekdays through indirect aerosol effects. This is consistent with the observed anthropogenic weather cycles, i.e., more (less) solar radiation near surface, higher (lower) maximum temperature, larger (smaller) diurnal temperature range, less (more) precipitation events in mid-weekday (weekend).
A supervisory enhanced genetic algorithm control (SEGAC) system is proposed for an indirect field... more A supervisory enhanced genetic algorithm control (SEGAC) system is proposed for an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands. The proposed control scheme comprises an enhanced genetic algorithm control (EGAC) and a supervisory control. In the EGAC design, the spirit of gradient descent training is embedded in genetic algorithm (GA) to construct the major controller for searching optimum control effort under the possible occurrence of uncertainties. To stabilize the system states around a defined bound region, a supervisory controller, which is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem, is designed within the EGAC. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulation and experimental results, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with a conventional supervisory genetic algorithm control (SGAC) system in the previous works.
This work explores the thickness dependence of magneto-transport properties in Cu 80 Co 20 granul... more This work explores the thickness dependence of magneto-transport properties in Cu 80 Co 20 granular thin films with different thickness. These results are compared with silver-based film series studied earlier. It was observed that the thickness dependence of the GMR effect was sensitive to the surface chemistry of the films. The extraordinary Hall effect ͑EHE͒ in these films was measured and found to be different from the Ag-based system. In the Cu-based system, the EHE is a weak function of film thickness over the range studied. When the variation of the spontaneous magnetization is taken into account the effective EHE has a universal thickness dependence.
Therapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) does not end with treatm... more Therapy for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) does not end with treatment of the initial lesion because almost 50% of patients with one nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) develop another NMSC in the next 5 years. An integrated program of skin cancer awareness, sun protection, and prophylactic approaches is critical. The risk profile of the tumor influences which therapies and specialties will be involved. Most NMSCs may be treated with outpatient methods. Primary care physicians may treat low-risk tumors, but dermatologists specially trained in cutaneous oncology and a multidisciplinary team should manage high-risk lesions. Superficial BCC and SCC may be treated adequately with superficial modalities such as electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC) and cryotherapy. Topical 5-fluorouracil is effective for small in situ lesions. Invasive but low-risk lesions may be treated with EDC and cryotherapy provided that the tumor is limited to the papillary dermis, is not recurrent, and does not have high-risk features. High-risk tumors are best treated with excision and histologic examination or Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). MMS is the therapeutic gold standard for all NMSCs in terms of cure rates, margin control, and tissue conservation. Because of its higher cost and specialized process, MMS is best reserved for specific indications.
Weekly cycles of the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols have been observed in many regions a... more Weekly cycles of the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols have been observed in many regions around the world. The phase and the magnitude of these cycles, however, vary greatly depending on region and season. In the present study the authors investigated important features of the weekly cycles of aerosol concentration and the covariations in meteorological conditions in major urban regions over east China, one of the most polluted areas in the world, in summertime during the period 2001-2005/2006. The PM10 (aerosol particulate matters of diameter < 10µm) concentrations at 29 monitoring stations show significant weekly cycles with the largest values around midweek and smallest values in weekend. Accompanying the PM10 cycle, the meteorological variables also show notable and consistent weekly cycles. The wind speed in lower troposphere is relatively small in the early part of the week, and increases after about Wednesday. At the same time, the air temperature anomalies in low levels are positive, and then become negative in the later part of the week. The authors hypothesized that the changes in the atmospheric circulation may be triggered by the accumulation of PM10 through diabatic heating of lower troposphere. During the early part of a week the anthropogenic aerosols are gradually accumulated in the lower troposphere. Around midweek, the accumulated aerosols could induce radiative heating, likely destabilizing the mid-to lower troposphere and generating anomalously vertical air motion, and thus resulting in stronger winds. The resulting circulation could promote ventilation to reduce aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer during the later part of the week. Corresponding to this cycle in anthropogenic aerosols the frequency of precipitation, particularly the light rain events, tends to be suppressed around mid-weekdays through indirect aerosol effects. This is consistent with the observed anthropogenic weather cycles, i.e., more (less) solar radiation near surface, higher (lower) maximum temperature, larger (smaller) diurnal temperature range, less (more) precipitation events in mid-weekday (weekend).
A supervisory enhanced genetic algorithm control (SEGAC) system is proposed for an indirect field... more A supervisory enhanced genetic algorithm control (SEGAC) system is proposed for an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands. The proposed control scheme comprises an enhanced genetic algorithm control (EGAC) and a supervisory control. In the EGAC design, the spirit of gradient descent training is embedded in genetic algorithm (GA) to construct the major controller for searching optimum control effort under the possible occurrence of uncertainties. To stabilize the system states around a defined bound region, a supervisory controller, which is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem, is designed within the EGAC. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulation and experimental results, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with a conventional supervisory genetic algorithm control (SGAC) system in the previous works.
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