Papers by hemal chowdhury
Sustainability, 2020
Globally, the agriculture sector consumes a considerable portion of energy. Optimizing energy con... more Globally, the agriculture sector consumes a considerable portion of energy. Optimizing energy consumption and energy loss from different fuel-based types of machinery will increase the energy sustainability of this sector. Exergy analysis is a useful optimizing method that applies the thermodynamic approach to minimize energy loss. The main goal of this study is to highlight the impact of exergy loss on the energy sustainability of the agriculture sector. Hence, this study focuses on the implementation of exergy-based sustainability parameters to determine the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh. A comprehensive analysis combining energy, exergy, and sustainability indicators was conducted based on the data obtained from 1990 to 2017. Overall energy and exergy efficiencies varied between 29.86% and 36.68% and 28.2% and 35.4%, respectively, whereas the sustainability index varied between 1.39 and 1.54. The values of relative irreversibility and lack of productivity indices from diesel fuel are higher than that of other fuel types. Maximum relative irreversibility is 0.95, whereas maximum lack of productivity is 2.50. The environmental effect factor of diesel fuel is the highest (2.47) among all the analyzed fuel types. Replacing old farming devices and selecting appropriate farming methods, appliances, and control systems will reduce exergy loss in this sector.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
Large quantity of animal waste production in Bangladesh has spurred the demand of potential appli... more Large quantity of animal waste production in Bangladesh has spurred the demand of potential applications for waste management. Therefore, biofuel production from animal waste has been projected as the solution for animal waste management along with the potential of a new source of renewable energy. This study aimed to evaluate the production of biogas from the farm wastes in Bangladesh and presented the potential biological applications for processing the wastes to convert into biogas. The study demonstrated that the highest amount of livestock waste, approximately 229 million ton was produced in 2016 and it was accounted for a total biogas production potential of 16988.97 million m 3 which could be converted into 16.68 Â 10 7 MWh of electricity. This study also presented the suitable conversion technologies as well as mechanisms of biogas production from animal waste and related mathematical equations to calculate the amount of total biogas productions. The latest advancements in large scale biogas production via government and non-government organizations have also been documented in this work. Besides biogas production analysis, this study also demonstrated the environmental impacts of biogas application. A net CO 2 emission reduction of 4.42 million tons could have been achieved over the diesel power generation along with 29 million ton of biofertilizer. The study also proposed a management plan to improve the current waste removal situation in Bangladesh. Along with that, this review comprehensively outlined the worldwide scenario of biogas production and applications.
Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2020
During this industrialized era, consumption of high-speed diesel (HSD) is increasing rapidly in t... more During this industrialized era, consumption of high-speed diesel (HSD) is increasing rapidly in the power, transportation, agriculture, and other commercial sectors of Bangladesh, albeit a significant amount of HSD is imported from foreign countries. The fuel mono-dependency on imported HSD demands huge economic investment of any country that consequences a negative impact on the cash flow of the overall economy. This study emphasized the contribution of HSD from petroleum products in significant fields and provided the current scenario of diesel import. Besides fuel issues, the other major environmental concern of Bangladesh is tremendous carbon emission caused by the overuse of diesel that consequences severe environmental pollution. To minimize the investment in imported HSD as well as environmental pollution, an alternative fuel, biodiesel generation, has been proposed in this study. This study also projected the total approximate biodiesel production from chicken skin collected from the whole of Bangladesh. Besides, this study also predicted the possible amount of can be replaced by biodiesel from chicken skin and aimed at the cost reduction due to the replacement of diesel by biodiesel.
Energy, 2020
Current refugee influx has become an impediment for economic growth and environmental safety worl... more Current refugee influx has become an impediment for economic growth and environmental safety worldwide, particularly during the last decade. Challenges for additional space requirement to dispose waste produced by refugees, and fuel and energy requirement to fulfill the demand for additional population has become a major burden on hosting countries. Bangladesh is one such country accommodating over 1.2 million Rohingya refugees from Myanmar since 2017. It has provided temporary housing to this large number of refugees in Cox’s Bazaar district. To mitigate this additional energy demand, utilizing via biogas production, from the organic waste of the refugee camps, may contribute significantly. This case study aims to determine the present and future waste generation of Rohingya camps and assess the present and future biogas resource potential in Rohingya camp via a bottom-up analysis approach. Municipal solid waste has been considered for the projection of biogas production through anaerobic digestion process. The simulation outcome presented that, in 2019, organic fraction from generated waste was 110.98 Million ton (Mt) and in 2025 it is projected to be 136.56 Mt. Biogas potential from that organic fraction in 2019 is 7.16 Mm3 which will increase to 14.43Mm3 in 2025.
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Papers by hemal chowdhury