The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of ... more The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of availability and bioactive properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine in vitro interaction of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) with human demineralised teeth matrix (hDTM) on osteogenic potential with or without osteogenic inducers. The hGMSCs were established and characterised on their morphology, proliferation, population doubling time (PDT), viability, colony-forming ability, expression of cell surface markers and adipogenic differentiation. Further, the effect of hDTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of hGMSCs was evaluated. The hGMSCs displayed a fibroblast-like appearance and exhibited a greater proliferative activity. The cells showed > 91% viability, and PDT varied between 39.34 hours and 62.59 hours. Further, hGMSCs indicated their propensity to form clusters/ colonies, and expressed the markers, such as CD29, C...
Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, 2005
In this paper, fundamental conditions which bound the network processing unit (NPU) worst-case pe... more In this paper, fundamental conditions which bound the network processing unit (NPU) worst-case performance are established. In particular, these conditions formalize and integrate, with mathematical rigor, two existing approaches for finding the NPU performance bounds, i.e., the work conserving condition and instruction/latency budget based approaches. These fundamental conditions are then employed to derive tight memory access latency bounds for a data path flow with one memory access. Finally, one of these memory access latency bounds is successfully used to interpret a peculiar phenomenon found in Intel IXP1200, demonstrating the importance of analytical modeling for NPU performance analysis. Hence, if η l >1, the ALU will be overloaded in the worst-case and the wire-speed cannot be sustained. The mixture of the code paths is said to be nonrestrictive if the values s k,l may take are nonrestrictive except ∑ k s k, l ≤ M T , otherwise, it is said to be restrictive. A possible scenario where a restrictive mixture of the code paths may occur is when an NPU supports two ports with each having a different set of code paths. In this case, a code path k that exists for one port but not for the other may never take over all the threads, i.e., s k,l < M T. C. Wire-Speed Forwarding Conditions Satisfying the strict-sense work conserving condition allows memory access latencies to be completely hidden from the ALU, thus fully exploiting the ALU power to maximize the throughput performance. The following theorem states that under what conditions ME l can achieve the highest processing performance: Theorem 1: The maximum sustainable throughput performance for a given set of code paths mapped to ME l is achieved if ME l works under the strict-sense work conserving condition and η l = 1. Proof: Note that η l = 1 means that the ME ALU has just enough processing power to process the offered workload. The strict-sense work conserving condition means that the ME ALU processing power can be entirely devoted to process the offered workload. Hence, the wire-speed can be achieved. Moreover, since the ALU processing power has been exhausted at η l = 1, this wire-speed is the maximum throughput the ME l can sustain. □ Note that the existing work conserving condition based approaches, e.g., [8-11], are based on the above strict-sense work conserving condition. However, the strict-sense work conserving condition above is not sufficient for NPU performance analysis for two reasons. First, the strict-sense work conserving condition may not always be attainable. This is because (1) the number of configurable threads M T is always finite for any NPUs and there is no guarantee that the memory access latencies can be completely hidden even with all M T threads in use; (2) for certain types of code paths, e.g., a code path with serialization effect, memory access latencies cannot be completely hidden, no matter how many threads are configured (see Section 4 for such an example). Second, in many cases, one is not interested in knowing the maximum sustainable throughput performance, but rather whether or not the wire-speed can be sustained provided that a given number of threads are in use. Now, the following theorem states that under what conditions a given wire-speed can be sustained, which exactly addresses the above drawback the traditional work conserving condition based approach suffers from: Theorem 2: For a given set of code paths mapped to ME l, the wire-speed processing is achieved if ME l works under the wide-sense work conserving condition and η l ≤ 1. Proof: Note that η l ≤ 1 means that the ME ALU has enough processing power to process the offered workload. The wide-sense work conserving condition means that the ME ALU can finish processing all the offered workload that may arrive in the L LB worth of time interval. This ensures that the ME always has a free thread to receive the incoming packet in the worst-case when packets arrive at the T P time interval. Hence, the wire-speed forwarding performance can be achieved. □ Both Theorem 1 and 2 apply to both restrictive and nonrestrictive mixture of code paths. Now we show that the instruction/latency budget based approach proposed in [12] is, in fact, a special case of Theorem 2 under the condition that the mixture of code paths is nonrestrictive. The following corollary states the approach: Corollary 1: For a given set of nonrestrictive code paths mapped to ME l, wire-speed processing in ME l is achieved if both instruction and latency budgets for all the code paths are met, i.e.,
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2021
Background A major challenge in bone tissue regeneration is the use of right combination of stem ... more Background A major challenge in bone tissue regeneration is the use of right combination of stem cells with osteoinductive biomaterials. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the effect of mineralized teeth matrix (MTM) and demineralized teeth matrix (DTM) on the selected cellular and biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods Established DPSCs were cultured in conditioned media (CM) of MTM and DTM and analyzed on their morphology, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), viability, migration ability, ploidy and expression of cell surface markers, Further, the effect of MTM and DTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs was evaluated. Results The DPSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology with >80% viability. Cells were highly proliferative with an average PDT of 61 ± 12 h. A greater proliferation of DPSCs in the scratched area was observed when cultured in CM of teeth matrix compared to the cells in basal media. Moreover, no chromosomal abnormalities were induced during the culture of DPSCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DPSCs in basal media and CM of MTM and DTM were positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 (>70%), and negative for CD34 and CD45 (<0.1%). Alizarin red staining showed the higher deposition of mineralized nodules in DPSCs cultured with DTM compared to MTM. Conclusion MTM and DTM-derived CM enhanced the proliferation and selected phenotypic markers expression with no chromosomal abnormalities in DPSCs. In addition, both matrices were biocompatible with DPSCs and increased the osteogenic differentiation through higher nodule formation.
Introduction: To achieve effective infection control only disinfecting instruments is not perfect... more Introduction: To achieve effective infection control only disinfecting instruments is not perfect when sterilization is an ideal method. Few chemical disinfection methods have disadvantage of not killing spores as cross infection is of great importance in dentistry; Standard sterilization and disinfection protocols must be followed by dental health care professionals for efficient infection control. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of undiluted concentrations of Durr Dental system, Bacillol, Savlon, and Dettol for disinfection of striated and nonstriated orthodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic instruments were divided into two groups. Each group of instrument was exposed to three microbes: Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Bacillus subtilis. Once the instruments were exposed to bacterium, they were immersed in four commercially available disinfectants: Durr Dental solution, Bacillol, Dettol, and Savlon. Culture streaks were taken at 5, 10, and 15 min of contact time and growth of organisms was observed on culture media. Results: All the four disinfectants showed no growth of bacteria and all were significantly effective. As per the immersion time factor, Durr system and Bacillol were more efficient than Dettol and Savlon. Conclusion: Study concluded that there was no growth of bacteria after disinfecting in all the four disinfectants. Dettol and Savlon were unable to eliminate B. subtilis at 5 min of contact time. All the disinfectants were effective in eliminating the microorganisms at 10 and 15 min postexposure.
Targeting protein kinases (PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key ... more Targeting protein kinases (PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key regulators of cell survival and proliferation. Here in this study, we studied the ability of pyrimido [4 0 ,5 0 :4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinolines (PTQ) to inhibit different PKs by performing computational docking and in vitro screening. Docking studies revealed that 4-butylaminopyrimido[4 0 ,5 0 :4,5]thieno(2,3-b) quinoline (BPTQ) has a higher order of interaction with the kinase receptors than other PTQ derivatives. In vitro screening confirms that BPTQ inhibits VEGFR1 and CHK2, with the IC 50 values of 0.54 and 1.70 mmol/L, respectively. Further, cytotoxicity of BPTQ was measured by trypan blue assay. Treatment with BPTQ decreased the proliferation of HL-60 cells with an IC 50 value of 12 mmol/L and induces apoptosis, as explicated by the fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V labeling and increased expression of caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest that BPTQ possess ability to inhibit PKs and to induce cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
2015 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT), 2015
Here, we present a surface potential based compact model for common double gate MOSFET (indDG) al... more Here, we present a surface potential based compact model for common double gate MOSFET (indDG) along with implementation results. The model includes core model, intrinsic model (Short Geometry effects and Non-quasi static effect) and noise model for asymmetric common double gate (CDG) MOSFET. The existing models for CDG MOSFET are developed for device with symmetric oxide thickness across both the channels. However, in this model we have focused on developing a model for device with asymmetric oxide thickness. Here, we have solved the equations for device with asymmetric oxide thickness in a physical way. Thus, keeping the complexity and computational efficiency of the model to be of the same level as that of existing model. The model has been successfully implemented in smartspice circuit simulator through its Verilog-A interface. In this work we demonstrate some results obtained from the circuit simulator and show that it is matching accurately with the simulation results. The proposed model satisfies the source-drain symmetry test and therefore, can be efficiently used for any practical circuit implementation.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2015
Objective: We present a retrospective study of 10 patients who were diagnosed with primary paraph... more Objective: We present a retrospective study of 10 patients who were diagnosed with primary parapharyngeal tumour and subsequently treated at our institute in the last 2 years. Presentation, surgical approach, histological data and post-operative complications were reviewed.
Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important arboviral zoonoses caused by Japanese encephal... more Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important arboviral zoonoses caused by Japanese encephalitis virus of Flaviviridae family. The virus cause huge mortality in children in several Asian countries. The virus circulates among birds and pigs and gets transmitted to humans through mosquito bite. The children below 15 year of age are highly susceptible and affected children suffer from neurological sequel. The virus causes abortion in sows, encephalitis in horses, however other species of animals remain asymptomatic. The increased paddy cultivation, presence of pigs near human dwelling, change in climate and presence of unvaccinated human host contributes to the incidence of the disease. Therefore, vaccination of susceptible population, vector control, early diagnosis and treatment and continuous serosurveillance in animals are the keys to combat this crippling disease.
Japanese encephalitis is an emerging mosquito-borne flaviviral zoonotic disease. The present stud... more Japanese encephalitis is an emerging mosquito-borne flaviviral zoonotic disease. The present study was undertaken with the objective of developing rapid and sensitive nucleic-acid-based assays for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in swine blood samples. Three nucleic-acid-based assays, viz., reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and real-time RT-PCR, were developed and compared in terms of their diagnostic efficacy. All three assays were found to be 100 per cent specific. The minimum detection limit of RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR was 12 copies/µl, while RT-PCR could detect 1.2 × 10(5) copies/µl. On comparison, RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR were 4-log more sensitive than RT-PCR. The applicability of the assays was evaluated by screening 135 field swine blood samples, of which 24 (17.77 %) were positive by RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR and only six (4.44 %) were positive by RT-PCR. The viral load in swine blood samples ranged between 2 × 10(6) and 4.8 × 10(9) copies per ml of blood by real-time RT-PCR. The comparative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP vis-à-vis real-time RT-PCR was found to be 100 %, while the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR vis-à-vis real-time RT-PCR was found to be 25 % and 100 %, respectively. Thus, the use of RT-PCR may cause the incidence of JEV in the swine population to be underestimated, while the real-time RT-PCR reported here is the test of choice for reference laboratories, and the newly developed one-step RT-LAMP assay will be suitable for field-level testing.
Virtualization has been effective in providing performance isolation and proportional allocation ... more Virtualization has been effective in providing performance isolation and proportional allocation of resources, such as CPU and memory between VMs by using automated distributed resource schedulers and VM migration. Storage VMotion allows users to migrate virtual hard disks from one data store to another without stopping the virtual machine. There is a dire need for an automated tool to manage storage resources more effectively by doing virtual disk placement and load balancing of workloads across multiple data stores. Applicable beyond virtualization, this problem is challenging because it requires modeling both workloads and characterizing underlying devices. Furthermore, device characteristics such as number of disks backing a LUN, disk types etc. are hidden from the hosts by the virtualization layer at the array. In this paper, we propose a storage resource scheduler (SRS) to manage virtual disk placement and automatic load balancing using Storage VMotion. Our initial results lea...
Wild animal infectious diseases as zoonoses Wild animals act as reservoirs for several zoonotic V... more Wild animal infectious diseases as zoonoses Wild animals act as reservoirs for several zoonotic Veterinary World,
How to allow fast network processing unit (NPU) performance testing in supporting fast data path ... more How to allow fast network processing unit (NPU) performance testing in supporting fast data path functions in a router is a challenging issue. It is more so in a router design phase when there are a vast number of design choices to be tested and the microcode for the fast data path ...
Server virtualization is accelerating the already existing need for shared storage area network (... more Server virtualization is accelerating the already existing need for shared storage area network (SAN) infrastructure for the associated benefits of migration, flexible management and economies of sharing. Understanding the characteristics of a workload ...
The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of ... more The use of tooth-derived material as a scaffold has gained attention recently due to its ease of availability and bioactive properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine in vitro interaction of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) with human demineralised teeth matrix (hDTM) on osteogenic potential with or without osteogenic inducers. The hGMSCs were established and characterised on their morphology, proliferation, population doubling time (PDT), viability, colony-forming ability, expression of cell surface markers and adipogenic differentiation. Further, the effect of hDTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of hGMSCs was evaluated. The hGMSCs displayed a fibroblast-like appearance and exhibited a greater proliferative activity. The cells showed > 91% viability, and PDT varied between 39.34 hours and 62.59 hours. Further, hGMSCs indicated their propensity to form clusters/ colonies, and expressed the markers, such as CD29, C...
Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, 2005
In this paper, fundamental conditions which bound the network processing unit (NPU) worst-case pe... more In this paper, fundamental conditions which bound the network processing unit (NPU) worst-case performance are established. In particular, these conditions formalize and integrate, with mathematical rigor, two existing approaches for finding the NPU performance bounds, i.e., the work conserving condition and instruction/latency budget based approaches. These fundamental conditions are then employed to derive tight memory access latency bounds for a data path flow with one memory access. Finally, one of these memory access latency bounds is successfully used to interpret a peculiar phenomenon found in Intel IXP1200, demonstrating the importance of analytical modeling for NPU performance analysis. Hence, if η l >1, the ALU will be overloaded in the worst-case and the wire-speed cannot be sustained. The mixture of the code paths is said to be nonrestrictive if the values s k,l may take are nonrestrictive except ∑ k s k, l ≤ M T , otherwise, it is said to be restrictive. A possible scenario where a restrictive mixture of the code paths may occur is when an NPU supports two ports with each having a different set of code paths. In this case, a code path k that exists for one port but not for the other may never take over all the threads, i.e., s k,l < M T. C. Wire-Speed Forwarding Conditions Satisfying the strict-sense work conserving condition allows memory access latencies to be completely hidden from the ALU, thus fully exploiting the ALU power to maximize the throughput performance. The following theorem states that under what conditions ME l can achieve the highest processing performance: Theorem 1: The maximum sustainable throughput performance for a given set of code paths mapped to ME l is achieved if ME l works under the strict-sense work conserving condition and η l = 1. Proof: Note that η l = 1 means that the ME ALU has just enough processing power to process the offered workload. The strict-sense work conserving condition means that the ME ALU processing power can be entirely devoted to process the offered workload. Hence, the wire-speed can be achieved. Moreover, since the ALU processing power has been exhausted at η l = 1, this wire-speed is the maximum throughput the ME l can sustain. □ Note that the existing work conserving condition based approaches, e.g., [8-11], are based on the above strict-sense work conserving condition. However, the strict-sense work conserving condition above is not sufficient for NPU performance analysis for two reasons. First, the strict-sense work conserving condition may not always be attainable. This is because (1) the number of configurable threads M T is always finite for any NPUs and there is no guarantee that the memory access latencies can be completely hidden even with all M T threads in use; (2) for certain types of code paths, e.g., a code path with serialization effect, memory access latencies cannot be completely hidden, no matter how many threads are configured (see Section 4 for such an example). Second, in many cases, one is not interested in knowing the maximum sustainable throughput performance, but rather whether or not the wire-speed can be sustained provided that a given number of threads are in use. Now, the following theorem states that under what conditions a given wire-speed can be sustained, which exactly addresses the above drawback the traditional work conserving condition based approach suffers from: Theorem 2: For a given set of code paths mapped to ME l, the wire-speed processing is achieved if ME l works under the wide-sense work conserving condition and η l ≤ 1. Proof: Note that η l ≤ 1 means that the ME ALU has enough processing power to process the offered workload. The wide-sense work conserving condition means that the ME ALU can finish processing all the offered workload that may arrive in the L LB worth of time interval. This ensures that the ME always has a free thread to receive the incoming packet in the worst-case when packets arrive at the T P time interval. Hence, the wire-speed forwarding performance can be achieved. □ Both Theorem 1 and 2 apply to both restrictive and nonrestrictive mixture of code paths. Now we show that the instruction/latency budget based approach proposed in [12] is, in fact, a special case of Theorem 2 under the condition that the mixture of code paths is nonrestrictive. The following corollary states the approach: Corollary 1: For a given set of nonrestrictive code paths mapped to ME l, wire-speed processing in ME l is achieved if both instruction and latency budgets for all the code paths are met, i.e.,
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2021
Background A major challenge in bone tissue regeneration is the use of right combination of stem ... more Background A major challenge in bone tissue regeneration is the use of right combination of stem cells with osteoinductive biomaterials. Hence, the present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the effect of mineralized teeth matrix (MTM) and demineralized teeth matrix (DTM) on the selected cellular and biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods Established DPSCs were cultured in conditioned media (CM) of MTM and DTM and analyzed on their morphology, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), viability, migration ability, ploidy and expression of cell surface markers, Further, the effect of MTM and DTM on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs was evaluated. Results The DPSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology with >80% viability. Cells were highly proliferative with an average PDT of 61 ± 12 h. A greater proliferation of DPSCs in the scratched area was observed when cultured in CM of teeth matrix compared to the cells in basal media. Moreover, no chromosomal abnormalities were induced during the culture of DPSCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DPSCs in basal media and CM of MTM and DTM were positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 (>70%), and negative for CD34 and CD45 (<0.1%). Alizarin red staining showed the higher deposition of mineralized nodules in DPSCs cultured with DTM compared to MTM. Conclusion MTM and DTM-derived CM enhanced the proliferation and selected phenotypic markers expression with no chromosomal abnormalities in DPSCs. In addition, both matrices were biocompatible with DPSCs and increased the osteogenic differentiation through higher nodule formation.
Introduction: To achieve effective infection control only disinfecting instruments is not perfect... more Introduction: To achieve effective infection control only disinfecting instruments is not perfect when sterilization is an ideal method. Few chemical disinfection methods have disadvantage of not killing spores as cross infection is of great importance in dentistry; Standard sterilization and disinfection protocols must be followed by dental health care professionals for efficient infection control. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of undiluted concentrations of Durr Dental system, Bacillol, Savlon, and Dettol for disinfection of striated and nonstriated orthodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic instruments were divided into two groups. Each group of instrument was exposed to three microbes: Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Bacillus subtilis. Once the instruments were exposed to bacterium, they were immersed in four commercially available disinfectants: Durr Dental solution, Bacillol, Dettol, and Savlon. Culture streaks were taken at 5, 10, and 15 min of contact time and growth of organisms was observed on culture media. Results: All the four disinfectants showed no growth of bacteria and all were significantly effective. As per the immersion time factor, Durr system and Bacillol were more efficient than Dettol and Savlon. Conclusion: Study concluded that there was no growth of bacteria after disinfecting in all the four disinfectants. Dettol and Savlon were unable to eliminate B. subtilis at 5 min of contact time. All the disinfectants were effective in eliminating the microorganisms at 10 and 15 min postexposure.
Targeting protein kinases (PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key ... more Targeting protein kinases (PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key regulators of cell survival and proliferation. Here in this study, we studied the ability of pyrimido [4 0 ,5 0 :4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinolines (PTQ) to inhibit different PKs by performing computational docking and in vitro screening. Docking studies revealed that 4-butylaminopyrimido[4 0 ,5 0 :4,5]thieno(2,3-b) quinoline (BPTQ) has a higher order of interaction with the kinase receptors than other PTQ derivatives. In vitro screening confirms that BPTQ inhibits VEGFR1 and CHK2, with the IC 50 values of 0.54 and 1.70 mmol/L, respectively. Further, cytotoxicity of BPTQ was measured by trypan blue assay. Treatment with BPTQ decreased the proliferation of HL-60 cells with an IC 50 value of 12 mmol/L and induces apoptosis, as explicated by the fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V labeling and increased expression of caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest that BPTQ possess ability to inhibit PKs and to induce cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
2015 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT), 2015
Here, we present a surface potential based compact model for common double gate MOSFET (indDG) al... more Here, we present a surface potential based compact model for common double gate MOSFET (indDG) along with implementation results. The model includes core model, intrinsic model (Short Geometry effects and Non-quasi static effect) and noise model for asymmetric common double gate (CDG) MOSFET. The existing models for CDG MOSFET are developed for device with symmetric oxide thickness across both the channels. However, in this model we have focused on developing a model for device with asymmetric oxide thickness. Here, we have solved the equations for device with asymmetric oxide thickness in a physical way. Thus, keeping the complexity and computational efficiency of the model to be of the same level as that of existing model. The model has been successfully implemented in smartspice circuit simulator through its Verilog-A interface. In this work we demonstrate some results obtained from the circuit simulator and show that it is matching accurately with the simulation results. The proposed model satisfies the source-drain symmetry test and therefore, can be efficiently used for any practical circuit implementation.
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2015
Objective: We present a retrospective study of 10 patients who were diagnosed with primary paraph... more Objective: We present a retrospective study of 10 patients who were diagnosed with primary parapharyngeal tumour and subsequently treated at our institute in the last 2 years. Presentation, surgical approach, histological data and post-operative complications were reviewed.
Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important arboviral zoonoses caused by Japanese encephal... more Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important arboviral zoonoses caused by Japanese encephalitis virus of Flaviviridae family. The virus cause huge mortality in children in several Asian countries. The virus circulates among birds and pigs and gets transmitted to humans through mosquito bite. The children below 15 year of age are highly susceptible and affected children suffer from neurological sequel. The virus causes abortion in sows, encephalitis in horses, however other species of animals remain asymptomatic. The increased paddy cultivation, presence of pigs near human dwelling, change in climate and presence of unvaccinated human host contributes to the incidence of the disease. Therefore, vaccination of susceptible population, vector control, early diagnosis and treatment and continuous serosurveillance in animals are the keys to combat this crippling disease.
Japanese encephalitis is an emerging mosquito-borne flaviviral zoonotic disease. The present stud... more Japanese encephalitis is an emerging mosquito-borne flaviviral zoonotic disease. The present study was undertaken with the objective of developing rapid and sensitive nucleic-acid-based assays for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in swine blood samples. Three nucleic-acid-based assays, viz., reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and real-time RT-PCR, were developed and compared in terms of their diagnostic efficacy. All three assays were found to be 100 per cent specific. The minimum detection limit of RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR was 12 copies/µl, while RT-PCR could detect 1.2 × 10(5) copies/µl. On comparison, RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR were 4-log more sensitive than RT-PCR. The applicability of the assays was evaluated by screening 135 field swine blood samples, of which 24 (17.77 %) were positive by RT-LAMP and real-time RT-PCR and only six (4.44 %) were positive by RT-PCR. The viral load in swine blood samples ranged between 2 × 10(6) and 4.8 × 10(9) copies per ml of blood by real-time RT-PCR. The comparative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP vis-à-vis real-time RT-PCR was found to be 100 %, while the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR vis-à-vis real-time RT-PCR was found to be 25 % and 100 %, respectively. Thus, the use of RT-PCR may cause the incidence of JEV in the swine population to be underestimated, while the real-time RT-PCR reported here is the test of choice for reference laboratories, and the newly developed one-step RT-LAMP assay will be suitable for field-level testing.
Virtualization has been effective in providing performance isolation and proportional allocation ... more Virtualization has been effective in providing performance isolation and proportional allocation of resources, such as CPU and memory between VMs by using automated distributed resource schedulers and VM migration. Storage VMotion allows users to migrate virtual hard disks from one data store to another without stopping the virtual machine. There is a dire need for an automated tool to manage storage resources more effectively by doing virtual disk placement and load balancing of workloads across multiple data stores. Applicable beyond virtualization, this problem is challenging because it requires modeling both workloads and characterizing underlying devices. Furthermore, device characteristics such as number of disks backing a LUN, disk types etc. are hidden from the hosts by the virtualization layer at the array. In this paper, we propose a storage resource scheduler (SRS) to manage virtual disk placement and automatic load balancing using Storage VMotion. Our initial results lea...
Wild animal infectious diseases as zoonoses Wild animals act as reservoirs for several zoonotic V... more Wild animal infectious diseases as zoonoses Wild animals act as reservoirs for several zoonotic Veterinary World,
How to allow fast network processing unit (NPU) performance testing in supporting fast data path ... more How to allow fast network processing unit (NPU) performance testing in supporting fast data path functions in a router is a challenging issue. It is more so in a router design phase when there are a vast number of design choices to be tested and the microcode for the fast data path ...
Server virtualization is accelerating the already existing need for shared storage area network (... more Server virtualization is accelerating the already existing need for shared storage area network (SAN) infrastructure for the associated benefits of migration, flexible management and economies of sharing. Understanding the characteristics of a workload ...
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