In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
In order to better understand the magnitude and consequences of alcohol abuse and other drug use,... more In order to better understand the magnitude and consequences of alcohol abuse and other drug use, myths must be confronted with facts. Student affairs administrators are well positioned to expose the fantasy surrounding these myths.
Data obtained from 44,433 students who reported the average number of drinks they consumed per we... more Data obtained from 44,433 students who reported the average number of drinks they consumed per week in response to the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey at 105 college campuses between October 1994 and June 1996 are discussed. The majority of the students indicated that, on an average weekly basis, they consumed little or no alcohol. Forty-eight percent of the students at 2-year schools and 38% of the students at 4-year schools reported consuming no alcoholic drinks per week. When responses from these students were combined with those of students who consumed only one drink per week, the total included 50% of the students at 2-year and 51% of students at 4-year colleges. Approximately 10% of the students reported they consumed 15 or more drinks on an average weekly basis. The authors provide a detailed table showing the cumulative percentages of student drinking at various levels and offer suggestions for clinical and programmatic intervention.
Data from surveys of students representing 100 diverse college campuses were used to investigate ... more Data from surveys of students representing 100 diverse college campuses were used to investigate the difference between the self-reported frequency of a drug's use and students' perceptions of the frequency of use. Students were asked about the frequency of their own use of 1 1 drugs (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, hallucinogens, opiates, inhalants, designer drugs, and steroids) and how often they thought "the average student" on their campus used these drugs. Respondents typically misperceived their peer norms (designated as the median of self-reported use) by substantially overestimating how often the average student used each drug, both in campus samples where abstinence or infrequent use were the median of self-reports and in samples where the median of self-reports revealed more frequent use. To the extent that they may promote or reinforce students' actual use, these misperceptions should be considered in designing college drug prevention programs.
An overview of the three major databases used to examine alcohol and other drug use habits of Ame... more An overview of the three major databases used to examine alcohol and other drug use habits of American college students is provided. The databases are compared in terms of purpose, study population, subject selection, method of administration, focus, utility for institutional use, and trend analyses. The authors conclude that no one source of data is "best." Rather, the studies represent three different sources of data. Although information from these databases overlaps to some extent, each database makes a unique contribution to the field.
Alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse-related consequences among students with varying... more Alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse-related consequences among students with varying levels of participation in intercollegiate athletics were examined. Between October 1994 and May 1996, 51,483 students at 125 institutions answered questions about their involvement in athletics, ranging from noninvolvement to participant to leadership positions, on the long form of the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey. In comparisons with nonathletes, both male and female athletes consumed significantly more alcohol per week, engaged in binge drinking more often, and suffered more adverse consequences from their substance use. No support was found for the hypothesis that athletic leaders were more responsible than other team participants in using alcohol. Male team leaders appeared to be at significantly greater risk than female team leaders; they also consumed more alcohol, binged more often, and suffered more consequences than other team members.
... and athletic status are new and clear-cut: overall, the fraternity and sorority ... ous recom... more ... and athletic status are new and clear-cut: overall, the fraternity and sorority ... ous recommendations targeting membership in sororities and fraternities for prevention activities.* However ... NCAA) and the typical university requirements for substance abuse prevention pro-grams in ...
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 a national study of alcohol use ... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 56,361. For a longitudinal analysis, matched samples from 37 institutions that completed both pre-and post-tests were used. Analysis of the data indicated that alcohol is the primary "drug of choice" of American college students; that often students are unsure of their colleges' stand on alcohol and drug policies; that only 47 percent believe that their campuses actually enforce their policies; that 33 percent of students do not want alcohol available at campus events and that 87 percent do not want other drugs available. Trends from 1989 to 1991 showed a slight decrease in the average number of drinks consumed per week, and in the number of alcohol binges in the last two weeks. In addition, there was a 33 percent increase in the number of students reporting an awareness of campus alcohol and drug prevention efforts. The document illustrates the findings with bar graphs and explanation. Appendixes contain the core instrument and a table showing characteristics of the population surveyed. (JB)
ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environm... more ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environments, rather than student characteristics, that influence drinking. Unfortunately, the existing literature is scant on this topic. Method: A literature review of articles primarily published within the last 10 years, along with some earlier “landmark ” studies of collegiate drinking in the United States, was conducted to determine in-stitutional factors that influence the consumption of alcohol. In addi-tion, a demonstration analysis of Core Alcohol and Drug Survey research findings was conducted to further elucidate the issues. Results: Several factors have been shown to relate to drinking: (1) organizational prop-erty variables of campuses, including affiliations (historically black in-stitutions, women’s institutions), presence of a Greek system, athletics and 2- or 4-year designation; (2) physical and behavioral property vari-ables of campuses, including type of residence, institutio...
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
In order to better understand the magnitude and consequences of alcohol abuse and other drug use,... more In order to better understand the magnitude and consequences of alcohol abuse and other drug use, myths must be confronted with facts. Student affairs administrators are well positioned to expose the fantasy surrounding these myths.
Data obtained from 44,433 students who reported the average number of drinks they consumed per we... more Data obtained from 44,433 students who reported the average number of drinks they consumed per week in response to the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey at 105 college campuses between October 1994 and June 1996 are discussed. The majority of the students indicated that, on an average weekly basis, they consumed little or no alcohol. Forty-eight percent of the students at 2-year schools and 38% of the students at 4-year schools reported consuming no alcoholic drinks per week. When responses from these students were combined with those of students who consumed only one drink per week, the total included 50% of the students at 2-year and 51% of students at 4-year colleges. Approximately 10% of the students reported they consumed 15 or more drinks on an average weekly basis. The authors provide a detailed table showing the cumulative percentages of student drinking at various levels and offer suggestions for clinical and programmatic intervention.
Data from surveys of students representing 100 diverse college campuses were used to investigate ... more Data from surveys of students representing 100 diverse college campuses were used to investigate the difference between the self-reported frequency of a drug's use and students' perceptions of the frequency of use. Students were asked about the frequency of their own use of 1 1 drugs (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, hallucinogens, opiates, inhalants, designer drugs, and steroids) and how often they thought "the average student" on their campus used these drugs. Respondents typically misperceived their peer norms (designated as the median of self-reported use) by substantially overestimating how often the average student used each drug, both in campus samples where abstinence or infrequent use were the median of self-reports and in samples where the median of self-reports revealed more frequent use. To the extent that they may promote or reinforce students' actual use, these misperceptions should be considered in designing college drug prevention programs.
An overview of the three major databases used to examine alcohol and other drug use habits of Ame... more An overview of the three major databases used to examine alcohol and other drug use habits of American college students is provided. The databases are compared in terms of purpose, study population, subject selection, method of administration, focus, utility for institutional use, and trend analyses. The authors conclude that no one source of data is "best." Rather, the studies represent three different sources of data. Although information from these databases overlaps to some extent, each database makes a unique contribution to the field.
Alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse-related consequences among students with varying... more Alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse-related consequences among students with varying levels of participation in intercollegiate athletics were examined. Between October 1994 and May 1996, 51,483 students at 125 institutions answered questions about their involvement in athletics, ranging from noninvolvement to participant to leadership positions, on the long form of the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey. In comparisons with nonathletes, both male and female athletes consumed significantly more alcohol per week, engaged in binge drinking more often, and suffered more adverse consequences from their substance use. No support was found for the hypothesis that athletic leaders were more responsible than other team participants in using alcohol. Male team leaders appeared to be at significantly greater risk than female team leaders; they also consumed more alcohol, binged more often, and suffered more consequences than other team members.
... and athletic status are new and clear-cut: overall, the fraternity and sorority ... ous recom... more ... and athletic status are new and clear-cut: overall, the fraternity and sorority ... ous recommendations targeting membership in sororities and fraternities for prevention activities.* However ... NCAA) and the typical university requirements for substance abuse prevention pro-grams in ...
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 a national study of alcohol use ... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 56,361. For a longitudinal analysis, matched samples from 37 institutions that completed both pre-and post-tests were used. Analysis of the data indicated that alcohol is the primary "drug of choice" of American college students; that often students are unsure of their colleges' stand on alcohol and drug policies; that only 47 percent believe that their campuses actually enforce their policies; that 33 percent of students do not want alcohol available at campus events and that 87 percent do not want other drugs available. Trends from 1989 to 1991 showed a slight decrease in the average number of drinks consumed per week, and in the number of alcohol binges in the last two weeks. In addition, there was a 33 percent increase in the number of students reporting an awareness of campus alcohol and drug prevention efforts. The document illustrates the findings with bar graphs and explanation. Appendixes contain the core instrument and a table showing characteristics of the population surveyed. (JB)
ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environm... more ABSTRACT. Objective: The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environments, rather than student characteristics, that influence drinking. Unfortunately, the existing literature is scant on this topic. Method: A literature review of articles primarily published within the last 10 years, along with some earlier “landmark ” studies of collegiate drinking in the United States, was conducted to determine in-stitutional factors that influence the consumption of alcohol. In addi-tion, a demonstration analysis of Core Alcohol and Drug Survey research findings was conducted to further elucidate the issues. Results: Several factors have been shown to relate to drinking: (1) organizational prop-erty variables of campuses, including affiliations (historically black in-stitutions, women’s institutions), presence of a Greek system, athletics and 2- or 4-year designation; (2) physical and behavioral property vari-ables of campuses, including type of residence, institutio...
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use... more In response to the Drug-Free Schools and Communities &ct of 1986, a national study of alcohol use on college campuses was undertaken from 1989 to 1991. The study used the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey which was administered to students at 56 four-year institutions and at 22 two-year institutions for a total student count of 58,625. Analysis of the data produced findings such as the following: (1) alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (in that order) were the most widely used drugs on campuses; (2) 5 times as many males as females consumed 21 or more drinks per week; (3) in four-year institutions, 1 in 10 students consumed 16 or more drinks per week; (4) overall, more than one-third of the students preferred an alcohol-free environment and 87 percent preferred a drug-free environment; (5) more students at two-year institutions used cocaine than students at four-year institutions; (6) at both two-and four-year institutions, the heaviest drinkers obtained the lowest grades, especially among male students at four-year institutions; and (7) twice as many males as females reported binge drinking three or four times over a two-week period. Appendices include the survey questionnaire and validity and reliability measures. (GLR)
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