Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas have been the primary means of energy generation for many... more Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas have been the primary means of energy generation for many centuries. However, thanks to global warming caused by burning fossil fuels, compounded by greater energy demand due to improved living standards and geopolitical tensions over oil resources and nuclear energy, we are facing a threat to the planet’s well-being not seen since the last ice age. There is a new interest in renewable energy sources such as those derived from wind power, hydropower, or conversion of fast-growing crops into ethanol. These are more universally available and they can potentially help with global warming by reducing the carbon footprint. Then, there is a third kind of energy source based on photovoltaic conversion of sunlight into electricity by certain widely available semiconductors, which is arguably the cleanest, most ubiquitous, and potentially the most reliable alternative. Dr. Jha’s Solar Cell Technology and Applications addresses this important topic. The solar cell concept is a simple reverse biased p-n junction which converts absorbed light into electron-hole pairs and then into a small dc voltage. The cells may be stacked to charge a 12V automobile battery or to feed a power grid via a DC/AC inverter. Fortunately, among all the semiconductors suitable for this purpose, including newly discovered organic semiconductors, compound semiconductors such as CdTe, CuInGaSe2, and GaAs, silicon is one of the most abundant materials in the earth’s crust.
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Such powders can exhibit properties that differ substantially from those of bulk materials, as a result of small particle dimension, high surface area, quantum confinement and other effects. Most of the unique properties of nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-sized, but also the particles be dispersed without agglomeration. Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution, which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. Accordingly, this review presents different methods of preparation silver nanoparticles and application of these nanoparticles in different fields.
Nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanostructures, nanoparticles… These are now some of the most widely... more Nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanostructures, nanoparticles… These are now some of the most widely used terms in materials science literature. But why are nanoscale materials and processes so attractive? From the point of view of the general public, nanotechnology appears to be the fabrication of miniature machines, which will be able to travel through the human body and repair damaged tissues, or supercomputers small enough to fit in a shirt pocket. However, nanostructured materials have potential applications in many more areas, such as biological detection, controlled drug delivery, low-threshold lasers, optical filters, and sensors, among others.
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Such powders can exhibit properties that differ substantially from those of bulk materials, as a result of small particle dimension, high surface area, quantum confinement and other effects. Most of the unique properties of nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-sized, but also the particles be dispersed without agglomeration. Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution, which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. Accordingly, this review presents different methods of preparation silver nanoparticles and application of these nanoparticles in different fields.
The current study reports an assay approach that can detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs... more The current study reports an assay approach that can detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify the position of the point mutation through a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction and a gold nanoparticle assembly. The assay can be implemented via three steps: a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction that allows the enzyme to truncate the mutant DNA; a purification step that uses capture probe-gold nanoparticles and centrifugation; and a hybridization reaction that induces detector probe-gold nanoparticles, capture probe-gold nanoparticles, and the target DNA to form large DNA-linked three-dimensional aggregates of gold nanoparticles. At high temperature (63°C in the current case), the purple color of the perfect match solution would not change to red, whereas a mismatched solution becomes red as the assembled gold nanoparticles separate. Using melting analysis, the position of the point mutation could be identified. This assay provides a convenient colorimetric detection that enables point mutation identification without the need for expensive mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning SNP detection based on a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction and a gold nanoparticle assembly.
Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas have been the primary means of energy generation for many... more Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas have been the primary means of energy generation for many centuries. However, thanks to global warming caused by burning fossil fuels, compounded by greater energy demand due to improved living standards and geopolitical tensions over oil resources and nuclear energy, we are facing a threat to the planet’s well-being not seen since the last ice age. There is a new interest in renewable energy sources such as those derived from wind power, hydropower, or conversion of fast-growing crops into ethanol. These are more universally available and they can potentially help with global warming by reducing the carbon footprint. Then, there is a third kind of energy source based on photovoltaic conversion of sunlight into electricity by certain widely available semiconductors, which is arguably the cleanest, most ubiquitous, and potentially the most reliable alternative. Dr. Jha’s Solar Cell Technology and Applications addresses this important topic. The solar cell concept is a simple reverse biased p-n junction which converts absorbed light into electron-hole pairs and then into a small dc voltage. The cells may be stacked to charge a 12V automobile battery or to feed a power grid via a DC/AC inverter. Fortunately, among all the semiconductors suitable for this purpose, including newly discovered organic semiconductors, compound semiconductors such as CdTe, CuInGaSe2, and GaAs, silicon is one of the most abundant materials in the earth’s crust.
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Such powders can exhibit properties that differ substantially from those of bulk materials, as a result of small particle dimension, high surface area, quantum confinement and other effects. Most of the unique properties of nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-sized, but also the particles be dispersed without agglomeration. Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution, which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. Accordingly, this review presents different methods of preparation silver nanoparticles and application of these nanoparticles in different fields.
Nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanostructures, nanoparticles… These are now some of the most widely... more Nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanostructures, nanoparticles… These are now some of the most widely used terms in materials science literature. But why are nanoscale materials and processes so attractive? From the point of view of the general public, nanotechnology appears to be the fabrication of miniature machines, which will be able to travel through the human body and repair damaged tissues, or supercomputers small enough to fit in a shirt pocket. However, nanostructured materials have potential applications in many more areas, such as biological detection, controlled drug delivery, low-threshold lasers, optical filters, and sensors, among others.
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly d... more Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Such powders can exhibit properties that differ substantially from those of bulk materials, as a result of small particle dimension, high surface area, quantum confinement and other effects. Most of the unique properties of nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-sized, but also the particles be dispersed without agglomeration. Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution, which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. Accordingly, this review presents different methods of preparation silver nanoparticles and application of these nanoparticles in different fields.
The current study reports an assay approach that can detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs... more The current study reports an assay approach that can detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify the position of the point mutation through a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction and a gold nanoparticle assembly. The assay can be implemented via three steps: a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction that allows the enzyme to truncate the mutant DNA; a purification step that uses capture probe-gold nanoparticles and centrifugation; and a hybridization reaction that induces detector probe-gold nanoparticles, capture probe-gold nanoparticles, and the target DNA to form large DNA-linked three-dimensional aggregates of gold nanoparticles. At high temperature (63°C in the current case), the purple color of the perfect match solution would not change to red, whereas a mismatched solution becomes red as the assembled gold nanoparticles separate. Using melting analysis, the position of the point mutation could be identified. This assay provides a convenient colorimetric detection that enables point mutation identification without the need for expensive mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning SNP detection based on a single-strand-specific nuclease reaction and a gold nanoparticle assembly.
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