Predictions about reservoir temperature change during carbon dioxide injection requires considera... more Predictions about reservoir temperature change during carbon dioxide injection requires consideration of all, often-subtle, thermal effects. In particular, Joule-Thomson cooling (JTC) and the viscous heat dissipation (VHD) effect are factors that cause flowing fluid temperature to differ from the static formation temperature. In this work, warm-back behavior (thermal recovery after injection completed), as well as JTC and VHD effects, at a multi-layered depleted gas reservoir are demonstrated numerically. OpenGeoSys (OGS) is able to solve coupled partial differential equations for pressure, temperature and mole-fraction of each component of the mixture with a combination of monolithic and staggered approaches. The Galerkin finite element approach is adapted for space discretization of governing equations, whereas for temporal discretization a generalized implicit single-step scheme is used. For numerical modeling of warm-back behavior, we chose a simplified test case of carbon dioxide injection. This test case is numerically solved by using OGS and FeFlow simulators independently. OGS differs from FeFlow in the capability of representing multi-componential effects on warm-back behavior. We verify both code results by showing the close comparison of shut-in temperature profiles along the injection well. As the JTC cooling rate is inversely proportional to the volumetric heat capacity of the solid matrix, the injection layers are cooled faster compared to non-injection layers. The shut-in temperature profiles are showing a significant change in reservoir temperature; hence it is important to account to thermal effects in injection monitoring. Keywords Distributed temperature sensing • Joule-Thomson cooling • multi-layered depleted gas reservoir • OpenGeoSys • shut-in temperature profile • viscous heat dissipation • volumetric heat capacity • warm-back
International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 2011
ABSTRACT Medical errors are a major cause of harm to patients. The World Health Organization has,... more ABSTRACT Medical errors are a major cause of harm to patients. The World Health Organization has, therefore, formed an Alliance for Patient Safety. Reports on error are a rich source for understanding of causes, cascades and consequences. Improvements in safety can result through lessons learnt from these. There are loud and clear calls for the development of appropriate error reporting and taxonomy systems, that are useful at the point of care and policy levels. The urgency expressed in these calls presents a challenge and an opportunity to harness the power of computer visualisation that can help structure and illustrate the 'story' of an error in a universal language. This can overcome the shortcomings of current reporting methods and help create an unambiguous international error taxonomy. Presented here is a concept for a web-based visual error reporting system. Although the ambulatory care domain is used for illustration, this concept can provide a user-friendly, efficient means of reporting errors in any domain of healthcare. This unambiguous structured visual modelling, aided by touch-screen technology, is useful to all members of healthcare teams, especially policymakers and patients. Patients particularly are a major source of knowledge on the state of safety in all healthcare settings that is waiting to be tapped.
microRNAs play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. Amongst lepidoptera... more microRNAs play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. Amongst lepidopteran insects, miRNAs from only Bombyx mori have been studied extensively with a little focus on Spodoptera sp. In the present study, we identified a total of 226 miRNAs from Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf21. Of the total, 116 miRNAs were well conserved within other insects, like B. mori, Drosophila melanogaster and Tribolium castenum while the remaining 110 miRNAs were identified as novel based on comparative analysis with the insect miRNA data set. Landscape distribution analysis based on Sf21 genome assembly revealed clustering of few novel miRNAs. A total of 5 miRNA clusters were identified and the largest one encodes 5 miRNA genes. In addition, 12 miRNAs were validated using northern blot analysis and putative functional role assignment for 6 Sf miRNAs was investigated by examining their relative abundance at different developmental stages of Spodoptera litura and body parts of 6th ...
ABSTRACT The paper presents a modeling strategy as well as simulation results of a designed conse... more ABSTRACT The paper presents a modeling strategy as well as simulation results of a designed conservative tracer test in the depleted Altensalzwedel natural gas reservoir in order to know the tracer concentration and breakthrough time at the production wells. Krypton is considered as a suitable tracer. The production wells are located in several hundred meters to a few kilometers away from the injection well. The numerical simulation has been performed by using the newly implemented compositional gas flow module of OpenGeoSys (OGS), a scientific open-source simulator for calculation of coupled geohydraulic (single and multiphase flow), transport (heat and mass transfer), geomechanical and geochemical processes. The tracer breakthrough curves at the production wells show that the breakthrough times vary between 2 and 3 years. The model verification is presented by comparing the OGS results with a one-dimensional analytical solution. The numerical results have been verified by code comparison, additionally.
Page 1. indian ~. I'tdia|r, 4.~ : 242,197~ PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER--HEPATOBLASTOMA* A Cas... more Page 1. indian ~. I'tdia|r, 4.~ : 242,197~ PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER--HEPATOBLASTOMA* A Case Report BHARAT PARSAD SINGH, KAMLA PANDIT, ASHOK KUMAR SING]I AND SHISHU FAL RAM Patna ... Ascitis, friction rub or arterial murmur were not found. ...
Patient safety and medical errors in ambulatory primary care are receiving increasing attention f... more Patient safety and medical errors in ambulatory primary care are receiving increasing attention from policy makers, accreditation bodies and researchers, as well as by practising family physicians and their patients. While a great deal of progress has been made in understanding errors in hospital settings, it is important to recognise that ambulatory settings pose a very large and different set of challenges and that the types of hazards that exist and the strategies required to reduce them are very different. What is needed is a logical theoretical model for understanding the causes of errors in primary care, the role of healthcare systems in contributing to errors, the propagation of errors through complex systems and, importantly, for understanding ambulatory primary care in the context of the larger healthcare system. The authors have developed such a model using a formal 'systems engineering' approach borrowed from the management sciences and engineering. This approach ...
Objectives: There are international calls for improving education for health care workers around ... more Objectives: There are international calls for improving education for health care workers around certain core competencies, of which patient safety and quality are integral and transcendent parts. Although relevant teaching programs have been developed, little is known about how best to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this work was to develop and implement an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to evaluate the impact of a patient safety curriculum. Methods: The curriculum was implemented in a family medicine residency program with 47 trainees. Two years after commencing the curriculum, a patient safety OSCE was developed and administered at this program and, for comparison purposes, to incoming residents at the same program and to residents at a neighboring residency program. Results: All 47 residents exposed to the training, all 16 incoming residents, and 10 of 12 residents at the neighboring program participated in the OSCE. In a standardized patient case, error detection and error disclosure skills were better among trained residents. In a chart-based case, trained residents showed better performance in identifying deficiencies in care and described more appropriate means of addressing them. Third year residents exposed to a BSystems Approach[ course performed better at system analysis and identifying system-based solutions after the course than before. Conclusions: Results suggest increased systems thinking and inculcation of a culture of safety among residents exposed to a patient safety curriculum. The main weaknesses of the study are its small size and suboptimal design. Much further investigation is needed into the effectiveness of patient safety curricula.
Large number of high dispersion whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi (L = 1.07) ar... more Large number of high dispersion whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi (L = 1.07) are analysed and it is find out that they have propagated along L 2.12-2.76. This is explained by considering the propagation of whistlers through the earth-ionosphere wave guide after exiting from the duct towards the equator. Using diffusive equilibrium model (DE-1), we have estimated equatorial electron density, total electron content in a flux tube and large scale convective electric fields which are in good agreement with the results reported by other workers from the analysis of mid latitude whistlers. The significance of this paper is to probe mid latitude plasmasphere using whistlers recorded at low latitudes. Further, an attempt has been made to study the propagation mechanism of low latitude whistlers.
Substantial evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in ... more Substantial evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Although the glomerular RAS is activated in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat, the status of the glomerular RAS in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, which is a commonly used genetic model of diabetes, is not known. Angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were measured in glomeruli isolated from 4-week-old STZ-diabetic rats and 32-week-old ZDF rats. Glomerular injury was evaluated by histopathologic methods. Both STZdiabetic and ZDF rats exhibited marked hyperglycemia and renal hypertrophy, but only ZDF rats demonstrated proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Glomerular AGT and Ang II levels were increased significantly in STZ-diabetic compared with nondiabetic control rats, accompanied by a reduction in ACE2 activity. In contrast, glomerular AGT, Ang II, and ACE2 were similar in ZDF rats and lean controls. ACE levels were not affected by diabetes in either diabetic model. In conclusion, the glomerular RAS is activated in the STZ diabetic rat but not in the ZDF rat despite a similar degree of hyperglycemia. The mechanism of nephropathy in the ZDF rat may involve factors other than hyperglycemia and RAS activation, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
Because the mechanism by which lipoproteins are processed and modified in the renal tubule in pat... more Because the mechanism by which lipoproteins are processed and modified in the renal tubule in patients with nephrosis is not completely understood, we studied the handling of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in perfused rat kidneys made permeable by protamine. Protamine pretreatment increased the clearance of 125 I LDL 25-fold compared to controls, thereby simulating a proteinuric kidney. Similar studies were also conducted in kidneys of rats made proteinuric by the induction of passive Heymann nephritis. Of the perfused iodinated LDL, 5% was localized in the cortex and lesser amounts in the medulla and urine. In the cortex and medulla, iodinated LDL was present mainly in the intact form (90%); just 10% was present in the degraded form. Using horseradish peroxidase conjugated to LDL, we demonstrated specific staining in the proximal tubules, suggesting that specific LDL receptors were present in that location. Although LDL in the tissue was present mostly in the intact form, it was 95% degraded in urine, and the degradation was inhibited by chloroquine, indicating that the lysosomes were the site of LDL metabolism. Gel chromatography and electrophoresis of iodinated LDL in the urine showed the presence of fragments in the range of 5 to 15 kD. We conclude that renal degradation of LDL is incomplete and that the incompletely degraded fragments released into the urine may be toxic to the kidney by virtue of their lipid side-chains. (J Lab Clin Med 2002; 139:372-8) Abbreviations: EDTA ϭ ethylenediaminetetraacetate; GFR ϭ glomerular filtration rate; HRP ϭ horseradish peroxidase; LDL ϭ low-density lipoprotein; PBS ϭ phosphate-buffered saline solution; PHN ϭ passive Heymann nephritis; SDS-PAGE ϭ sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEM ϭ standard error of the mean; TCA ϭ trichloroacetic acid
Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species, and especially superoxide (O2·–),have been implicated i... more Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species, and especially superoxide (O2·–),have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. O2·– accumulation in cells is dependent on O2·– production (by NADH/NADPH oxidase) as well as scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This study was designed to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG) on O2·– accumulation and SOD activity in human mesangial cells (HMC) and to determine if these effects are mediated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Methods: HMC were incubated in media containing 10 mMglucose (control, C), 30 mM glucose (HG), 10 mM glucose + either 20 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or 20 mM mannitol (high mannitol, HM) (osmotic controls), or Ang II (10–5M). Ang II action was antagonized by employing 10–4M of Ang II receptor antagonists (losartan or irbesartan) or 10–4M of NADH/NADPH oxidase inhibitors [diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) or apocynin]. Superoxide and total SOD activity were assayed using chemiluminescence of lucigenin. Results...
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by accumulation of mesangial matrix. Glucose-induced inhibi... more Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by accumulation of mesangial matrix. Glucose-induced inhibition of matrix-degrading enzymes such as collagenases is believed to contribute to matrix accumulation. We have previously demonstrated that 72 kDa type IV collagenase activity is decreased in the rat mesangial cells cultured in high glucose media [Diabetes 1995;44:929–935]. The present studies were designed to investigate if the cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mediates this effect of glucose. Type IV collagenases degrade type IV collagen as well as gelatin (denatured collagen) and are thus also called gelatinases. They belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); MMP activity is controlled by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The activity of 72 kDa type IV collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), was assessed using three methods: (1) fluoresceinated gelatin degradation assay to detect free enzyme activity (activity which ...
Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have ... more Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many efforts have been made towards understanding lightning, thunderstorms and their consequences. Recent observations of optical phenomena above an active lightning discharge along with the availability of modern technology both for data collection and data analysis have renewed interest in the field of thunderstorms and their consequences in the biosphere. In this paper, we review the electrification processes of a thunderstorm, lightning processes and their association with global electric circuit and climate. The upward lightning discharge can cause sprites, elves, jets, etc. which are together called transient luminous events. Their morphological features and effects in the mesosphere are reviewed. The wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves generated during lightning discharges couple the lower atmosphere with the ionosphere/magnetosphere. Hence various features of these waves from ULF to VHF are reviewed with reference to recent results and their consequences are also briefly discussed.
Transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to various external and internal cues ... more Transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to various external and internal cues by activating or suppressing downstream genes in a pathway. In this study, we provide a complete overview of the genes encoding C(2)H(2) zinc-finger transcription factors in rice, describing the gene structure, gene expression, genome localization, and phylogenetic relationship of each member. The genome of Oryza sativa codes for 189 C(2)H(2) zinc-finger transcription factors, which possess two main types of zinc-fingers (named C and Q). The Q-type zinc fingers contain a conserved motif, QALGGH, and are plant specific, whereas C type zinc fingers are found in other organisms as well. A genome-wide microarray based gene expression analysis involving 14 stages of vegetative and reproductive development along with 3 stress conditions has revealed that C(2)H(2) gene family in indica rice could be involved during all the stages of reproductive development from panicle initiation till seed maturation. A total of 39 genes are up-regulated more than 2-fold, in comparison to vegetative stages, during reproductive development of rice, out of which 18 are specific to panicle development and 12 genes are seed-specific. Twenty-six genes have been found to be up-regulated during three abiotic stresses and of these, 14 genes express specifically during the stress conditions analyzed while 12 are also up-regulated during reproductive development, suggesting that some components of the stress response pathways are also involved in reproduction.
Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, 2011
Simulation numérique des processus hydromécaniques polyphasiques provoqués par l'injection de CO ... more Simulation numérique des processus hydromécaniques polyphasiques provoqués par l'injection de CO 2 dans des aquifères salins profonds-Cet article présente le concept de la modélisation ainsi que la simulation numérique d'écoulement biphasé lors de l'injection de CO 2 dans des aquifères salins profonds. L'étude se concentre sur des processus à court terme dans la proximité de puits d'injection dans les conditions isothermes. Les équations différentielles principales sont dérivées des équations de bilan de masse et de la quantité de mouvement, et elles sont complétées par des relations constitutives pour des phases solides et fluides ainsi que leur interaction. Les conditions de contrainte sont définies pour la saturation partielle, les fractions de pression de CO 2 et l'eau salée. Pour caractériser l'état de contrainte dans la matrice solide, le principe de contrainte effective est appliqué. Le problème couplé considéré est résolu en utilisant le logiciel scientifique interne OpenGeoSys (un logiciel d'éléments finis libre d'accès) et vérifié avec des exemples pour les processus concernés.
Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are the DNA markers of choice for genetic analysis in rice... more Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are the DNA markers of choice for genetic analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) due to their abundance, high poly-morphism and simple assays using agarose gel electro-phoresis. In an attempt to find most variable SSR loci for the agarose ...
Page 1. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for basmati quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Y... more Page 1. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for basmati quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yellari Amarawathi Æ Rakesh Singh Æ Ashok K. Singh Æ Vijai P. Singh Æ Trilochan Mohapatra Æ Tilak R. Sharma Æ Nagendra K. Singh ...
SNP haplotypes of the BADH1 gene and their association with aroma in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anura... more SNP haplotypes of the BADH1 gene and their association with aroma in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anuradha Singh Pradeep K. Singh Rakesh Singh Awadhesh Pandit Ajay K. Mahato Deepak K. Gupta Kuldeep Tyagi Ashok K. Singh Nagendra K. Singh Tilak R. Sharma ...
Role of angiotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. Considerable [8-15] of matrix components are resp... more Role of angiotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. Considerable [8-15] of matrix components are responsible for matrix evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system accumulation. plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy. Angioten-Mediators of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic sin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II nephropathy have not been fully identified. A prominent (Ang II) receptor blockers (ARBs) can attenuate progressive role for the peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) has been glomerulosclerosis in disease models and can slow disease progression in humans. Because agents that interfere with Ang II suggested by experimental and clinical evidence indicataction may decrease glomerular injury without altering glomering that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiular pressures, it has been suggested that Ang II has direct tors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have reeffects on glomerular cells to induce sclerosis independent of noprotective effects that cannot be entirely explained by its hemodynamic actions. To study nonhemodynamic effects of Ang II on matrix metabolism, many investigators have used their blood pressure lowering effects [16-19]. The ACE cell culture systems. Glucose and Ang II have been shown to inhibitor enalapril inhibits gene expression of ECM proproduce similar effects on renal cells in culture. For instance, teins in diabetic rats [20], suggesting that Ang II is imporincubation of mesangial cells in high-glucose media or in the tant in the development of glomerulosclerosis and that presence of Ang II stimulates matrix protein synthesis and preventing its formation can decrease matrix synthesis. inhibits degradative enzyme (e.g., collagenase, plasmin) activity. Glucose and Ang II also can inhibit proximal tubule pro-However, in studies in whole animals or humans, it is teinases. Glucose increases expression of the angiotensinogen difficult to separate the effects of blood pressure reducgene in proximal tubule cells and Ang II production in primary tion from other biochemical effects of these agents. mesangial cell culture, which indicates that high glucose itself Use of cell culture obviates these problems because can activate the renin-angiotensin system. The effects of glucose and Ang II on mesangial matrix metabolism may be medi
Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are specialized cells with important roles in physiological f... more Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are specialized cells with important roles in physiological filtration and glomerular disease. Despite their unique features, GEnC have been little studied because of difficulty in maintaining them in cell culture. We have addressed this problem by generation of conditionally immortalized (ci) human GEnC using technology with which we have previously produced ci podocytes. Primary culture GEnC were transduced with temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large tumour antigen and telomerase using retroviral vectors. Cells were selected, cloned, and then characterized by light and electron microscopy (EM), response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, expression of endothelial markers by focused gene array, immunofluorescence and Western blotting, and formation and behaviour of monolayers. CiGEnC proliferated at the permissive temperature (33 degrees C) and became growth arrested at the non-permissive temperature (37 degrees C). CiGEnC retained morphological features of early-passage primary culture GEnC up to at least p41, confirming successful immortalization. EM demonstrated fenestrations, increased in number by VEGF. mRNA analysis confirmed expression of the endothelial markers platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 2, VEGF receptor 2, and von Willebrand factor, validated by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. CiGEnC also expressed Tie2, and TNFalpha upregulated E-selectin. CiGEnC formed monolayers with barrier properties responsive to cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) and thrombin. CiGEnC retain the markers and behaviour of primary culture GEnC. They express fenestrations which are upregulated in response to VEGF. These cells are a unique resource for further study of GEnC and their roles in glomerular filtration, glomerular disease, and response to glomerular injury.
Predictions about reservoir temperature change during carbon dioxide injection requires considera... more Predictions about reservoir temperature change during carbon dioxide injection requires consideration of all, often-subtle, thermal effects. In particular, Joule-Thomson cooling (JTC) and the viscous heat dissipation (VHD) effect are factors that cause flowing fluid temperature to differ from the static formation temperature. In this work, warm-back behavior (thermal recovery after injection completed), as well as JTC and VHD effects, at a multi-layered depleted gas reservoir are demonstrated numerically. OpenGeoSys (OGS) is able to solve coupled partial differential equations for pressure, temperature and mole-fraction of each component of the mixture with a combination of monolithic and staggered approaches. The Galerkin finite element approach is adapted for space discretization of governing equations, whereas for temporal discretization a generalized implicit single-step scheme is used. For numerical modeling of warm-back behavior, we chose a simplified test case of carbon dioxide injection. This test case is numerically solved by using OGS and FeFlow simulators independently. OGS differs from FeFlow in the capability of representing multi-componential effects on warm-back behavior. We verify both code results by showing the close comparison of shut-in temperature profiles along the injection well. As the JTC cooling rate is inversely proportional to the volumetric heat capacity of the solid matrix, the injection layers are cooled faster compared to non-injection layers. The shut-in temperature profiles are showing a significant change in reservoir temperature; hence it is important to account to thermal effects in injection monitoring. Keywords Distributed temperature sensing • Joule-Thomson cooling • multi-layered depleted gas reservoir • OpenGeoSys • shut-in temperature profile • viscous heat dissipation • volumetric heat capacity • warm-back
International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 2011
ABSTRACT Medical errors are a major cause of harm to patients. The World Health Organization has,... more ABSTRACT Medical errors are a major cause of harm to patients. The World Health Organization has, therefore, formed an Alliance for Patient Safety. Reports on error are a rich source for understanding of causes, cascades and consequences. Improvements in safety can result through lessons learnt from these. There are loud and clear calls for the development of appropriate error reporting and taxonomy systems, that are useful at the point of care and policy levels. The urgency expressed in these calls presents a challenge and an opportunity to harness the power of computer visualisation that can help structure and illustrate the 'story' of an error in a universal language. This can overcome the shortcomings of current reporting methods and help create an unambiguous international error taxonomy. Presented here is a concept for a web-based visual error reporting system. Although the ambulatory care domain is used for illustration, this concept can provide a user-friendly, efficient means of reporting errors in any domain of healthcare. This unambiguous structured visual modelling, aided by touch-screen technology, is useful to all members of healthcare teams, especially policymakers and patients. Patients particularly are a major source of knowledge on the state of safety in all healthcare settings that is waiting to be tapped.
microRNAs play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. Amongst lepidoptera... more microRNAs play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. Amongst lepidopteran insects, miRNAs from only Bombyx mori have been studied extensively with a little focus on Spodoptera sp. In the present study, we identified a total of 226 miRNAs from Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf21. Of the total, 116 miRNAs were well conserved within other insects, like B. mori, Drosophila melanogaster and Tribolium castenum while the remaining 110 miRNAs were identified as novel based on comparative analysis with the insect miRNA data set. Landscape distribution analysis based on Sf21 genome assembly revealed clustering of few novel miRNAs. A total of 5 miRNA clusters were identified and the largest one encodes 5 miRNA genes. In addition, 12 miRNAs were validated using northern blot analysis and putative functional role assignment for 6 Sf miRNAs was investigated by examining their relative abundance at different developmental stages of Spodoptera litura and body parts of 6th ...
ABSTRACT The paper presents a modeling strategy as well as simulation results of a designed conse... more ABSTRACT The paper presents a modeling strategy as well as simulation results of a designed conservative tracer test in the depleted Altensalzwedel natural gas reservoir in order to know the tracer concentration and breakthrough time at the production wells. Krypton is considered as a suitable tracer. The production wells are located in several hundred meters to a few kilometers away from the injection well. The numerical simulation has been performed by using the newly implemented compositional gas flow module of OpenGeoSys (OGS), a scientific open-source simulator for calculation of coupled geohydraulic (single and multiphase flow), transport (heat and mass transfer), geomechanical and geochemical processes. The tracer breakthrough curves at the production wells show that the breakthrough times vary between 2 and 3 years. The model verification is presented by comparing the OGS results with a one-dimensional analytical solution. The numerical results have been verified by code comparison, additionally.
Page 1. indian ~. I'tdia|r, 4.~ : 242,197~ PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER--HEPATOBLASTOMA* A Cas... more Page 1. indian ~. I'tdia|r, 4.~ : 242,197~ PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER--HEPATOBLASTOMA* A Case Report BHARAT PARSAD SINGH, KAMLA PANDIT, ASHOK KUMAR SING]I AND SHISHU FAL RAM Patna ... Ascitis, friction rub or arterial murmur were not found. ...
Patient safety and medical errors in ambulatory primary care are receiving increasing attention f... more Patient safety and medical errors in ambulatory primary care are receiving increasing attention from policy makers, accreditation bodies and researchers, as well as by practising family physicians and their patients. While a great deal of progress has been made in understanding errors in hospital settings, it is important to recognise that ambulatory settings pose a very large and different set of challenges and that the types of hazards that exist and the strategies required to reduce them are very different. What is needed is a logical theoretical model for understanding the causes of errors in primary care, the role of healthcare systems in contributing to errors, the propagation of errors through complex systems and, importantly, for understanding ambulatory primary care in the context of the larger healthcare system. The authors have developed such a model using a formal 'systems engineering' approach borrowed from the management sciences and engineering. This approach ...
Objectives: There are international calls for improving education for health care workers around ... more Objectives: There are international calls for improving education for health care workers around certain core competencies, of which patient safety and quality are integral and transcendent parts. Although relevant teaching programs have been developed, little is known about how best to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this work was to develop and implement an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to evaluate the impact of a patient safety curriculum. Methods: The curriculum was implemented in a family medicine residency program with 47 trainees. Two years after commencing the curriculum, a patient safety OSCE was developed and administered at this program and, for comparison purposes, to incoming residents at the same program and to residents at a neighboring residency program. Results: All 47 residents exposed to the training, all 16 incoming residents, and 10 of 12 residents at the neighboring program participated in the OSCE. In a standardized patient case, error detection and error disclosure skills were better among trained residents. In a chart-based case, trained residents showed better performance in identifying deficiencies in care and described more appropriate means of addressing them. Third year residents exposed to a BSystems Approach[ course performed better at system analysis and identifying system-based solutions after the course than before. Conclusions: Results suggest increased systems thinking and inculcation of a culture of safety among residents exposed to a patient safety curriculum. The main weaknesses of the study are its small size and suboptimal design. Much further investigation is needed into the effectiveness of patient safety curricula.
Large number of high dispersion whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi (L = 1.07) ar... more Large number of high dispersion whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi (L = 1.07) are analysed and it is find out that they have propagated along L 2.12-2.76. This is explained by considering the propagation of whistlers through the earth-ionosphere wave guide after exiting from the duct towards the equator. Using diffusive equilibrium model (DE-1), we have estimated equatorial electron density, total electron content in a flux tube and large scale convective electric fields which are in good agreement with the results reported by other workers from the analysis of mid latitude whistlers. The significance of this paper is to probe mid latitude plasmasphere using whistlers recorded at low latitudes. Further, an attempt has been made to study the propagation mechanism of low latitude whistlers.
Substantial evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in ... more Substantial evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Although the glomerular RAS is activated in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat, the status of the glomerular RAS in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, which is a commonly used genetic model of diabetes, is not known. Angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were measured in glomeruli isolated from 4-week-old STZ-diabetic rats and 32-week-old ZDF rats. Glomerular injury was evaluated by histopathologic methods. Both STZdiabetic and ZDF rats exhibited marked hyperglycemia and renal hypertrophy, but only ZDF rats demonstrated proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Glomerular AGT and Ang II levels were increased significantly in STZ-diabetic compared with nondiabetic control rats, accompanied by a reduction in ACE2 activity. In contrast, glomerular AGT, Ang II, and ACE2 were similar in ZDF rats and lean controls. ACE levels were not affected by diabetes in either diabetic model. In conclusion, the glomerular RAS is activated in the STZ diabetic rat but not in the ZDF rat despite a similar degree of hyperglycemia. The mechanism of nephropathy in the ZDF rat may involve factors other than hyperglycemia and RAS activation, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
Because the mechanism by which lipoproteins are processed and modified in the renal tubule in pat... more Because the mechanism by which lipoproteins are processed and modified in the renal tubule in patients with nephrosis is not completely understood, we studied the handling of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in perfused rat kidneys made permeable by protamine. Protamine pretreatment increased the clearance of 125 I LDL 25-fold compared to controls, thereby simulating a proteinuric kidney. Similar studies were also conducted in kidneys of rats made proteinuric by the induction of passive Heymann nephritis. Of the perfused iodinated LDL, 5% was localized in the cortex and lesser amounts in the medulla and urine. In the cortex and medulla, iodinated LDL was present mainly in the intact form (90%); just 10% was present in the degraded form. Using horseradish peroxidase conjugated to LDL, we demonstrated specific staining in the proximal tubules, suggesting that specific LDL receptors were present in that location. Although LDL in the tissue was present mostly in the intact form, it was 95% degraded in urine, and the degradation was inhibited by chloroquine, indicating that the lysosomes were the site of LDL metabolism. Gel chromatography and electrophoresis of iodinated LDL in the urine showed the presence of fragments in the range of 5 to 15 kD. We conclude that renal degradation of LDL is incomplete and that the incompletely degraded fragments released into the urine may be toxic to the kidney by virtue of their lipid side-chains. (J Lab Clin Med 2002; 139:372-8) Abbreviations: EDTA ϭ ethylenediaminetetraacetate; GFR ϭ glomerular filtration rate; HRP ϭ horseradish peroxidase; LDL ϭ low-density lipoprotein; PBS ϭ phosphate-buffered saline solution; PHN ϭ passive Heymann nephritis; SDS-PAGE ϭ sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEM ϭ standard error of the mean; TCA ϭ trichloroacetic acid
Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species, and especially superoxide (O2·–),have been implicated i... more Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species, and especially superoxide (O2·–),have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. O2·– accumulation in cells is dependent on O2·– production (by NADH/NADPH oxidase) as well as scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This study was designed to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG) on O2·– accumulation and SOD activity in human mesangial cells (HMC) and to determine if these effects are mediated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Methods: HMC were incubated in media containing 10 mMglucose (control, C), 30 mM glucose (HG), 10 mM glucose + either 20 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or 20 mM mannitol (high mannitol, HM) (osmotic controls), or Ang II (10–5M). Ang II action was antagonized by employing 10–4M of Ang II receptor antagonists (losartan or irbesartan) or 10–4M of NADH/NADPH oxidase inhibitors [diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) or apocynin]. Superoxide and total SOD activity were assayed using chemiluminescence of lucigenin. Results...
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by accumulation of mesangial matrix. Glucose-induced inhibi... more Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by accumulation of mesangial matrix. Glucose-induced inhibition of matrix-degrading enzymes such as collagenases is believed to contribute to matrix accumulation. We have previously demonstrated that 72 kDa type IV collagenase activity is decreased in the rat mesangial cells cultured in high glucose media [Diabetes 1995;44:929–935]. The present studies were designed to investigate if the cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mediates this effect of glucose. Type IV collagenases degrade type IV collagen as well as gelatin (denatured collagen) and are thus also called gelatinases. They belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); MMP activity is controlled by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The activity of 72 kDa type IV collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), was assessed using three methods: (1) fluoresceinated gelatin degradation assay to detect free enzyme activity (activity which ...
Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have ... more Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many efforts have been made towards understanding lightning, thunderstorms and their consequences. Recent observations of optical phenomena above an active lightning discharge along with the availability of modern technology both for data collection and data analysis have renewed interest in the field of thunderstorms and their consequences in the biosphere. In this paper, we review the electrification processes of a thunderstorm, lightning processes and their association with global electric circuit and climate. The upward lightning discharge can cause sprites, elves, jets, etc. which are together called transient luminous events. Their morphological features and effects in the mesosphere are reviewed. The wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves generated during lightning discharges couple the lower atmosphere with the ionosphere/magnetosphere. Hence various features of these waves from ULF to VHF are reviewed with reference to recent results and their consequences are also briefly discussed.
Transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to various external and internal cues ... more Transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to various external and internal cues by activating or suppressing downstream genes in a pathway. In this study, we provide a complete overview of the genes encoding C(2)H(2) zinc-finger transcription factors in rice, describing the gene structure, gene expression, genome localization, and phylogenetic relationship of each member. The genome of Oryza sativa codes for 189 C(2)H(2) zinc-finger transcription factors, which possess two main types of zinc-fingers (named C and Q). The Q-type zinc fingers contain a conserved motif, QALGGH, and are plant specific, whereas C type zinc fingers are found in other organisms as well. A genome-wide microarray based gene expression analysis involving 14 stages of vegetative and reproductive development along with 3 stress conditions has revealed that C(2)H(2) gene family in indica rice could be involved during all the stages of reproductive development from panicle initiation till seed maturation. A total of 39 genes are up-regulated more than 2-fold, in comparison to vegetative stages, during reproductive development of rice, out of which 18 are specific to panicle development and 12 genes are seed-specific. Twenty-six genes have been found to be up-regulated during three abiotic stresses and of these, 14 genes express specifically during the stress conditions analyzed while 12 are also up-regulated during reproductive development, suggesting that some components of the stress response pathways are also involved in reproduction.
Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, 2011
Simulation numérique des processus hydromécaniques polyphasiques provoqués par l'injection de CO ... more Simulation numérique des processus hydromécaniques polyphasiques provoqués par l'injection de CO 2 dans des aquifères salins profonds-Cet article présente le concept de la modélisation ainsi que la simulation numérique d'écoulement biphasé lors de l'injection de CO 2 dans des aquifères salins profonds. L'étude se concentre sur des processus à court terme dans la proximité de puits d'injection dans les conditions isothermes. Les équations différentielles principales sont dérivées des équations de bilan de masse et de la quantité de mouvement, et elles sont complétées par des relations constitutives pour des phases solides et fluides ainsi que leur interaction. Les conditions de contrainte sont définies pour la saturation partielle, les fractions de pression de CO 2 et l'eau salée. Pour caractériser l'état de contrainte dans la matrice solide, le principe de contrainte effective est appliqué. Le problème couplé considéré est résolu en utilisant le logiciel scientifique interne OpenGeoSys (un logiciel d'éléments finis libre d'accès) et vérifié avec des exemples pour les processus concernés.
Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are the DNA markers of choice for genetic analysis in rice... more Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSR) are the DNA markers of choice for genetic analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) due to their abundance, high poly-morphism and simple assays using agarose gel electro-phoresis. In an attempt to find most variable SSR loci for the agarose ...
Page 1. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for basmati quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Y... more Page 1. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for basmati quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yellari Amarawathi Æ Rakesh Singh Æ Ashok K. Singh Æ Vijai P. Singh Æ Trilochan Mohapatra Æ Tilak R. Sharma Æ Nagendra K. Singh ...
SNP haplotypes of the BADH1 gene and their association with aroma in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anura... more SNP haplotypes of the BADH1 gene and their association with aroma in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Anuradha Singh Pradeep K. Singh Rakesh Singh Awadhesh Pandit Ajay K. Mahato Deepak K. Gupta Kuldeep Tyagi Ashok K. Singh Nagendra K. Singh Tilak R. Sharma ...
Role of angiotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. Considerable [8-15] of matrix components are resp... more Role of angiotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. Considerable [8-15] of matrix components are responsible for matrix evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system accumulation. plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy. Angioten-Mediators of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic sin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II nephropathy have not been fully identified. A prominent (Ang II) receptor blockers (ARBs) can attenuate progressive role for the peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) has been glomerulosclerosis in disease models and can slow disease progression in humans. Because agents that interfere with Ang II suggested by experimental and clinical evidence indicataction may decrease glomerular injury without altering glomering that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiular pressures, it has been suggested that Ang II has direct tors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have reeffects on glomerular cells to induce sclerosis independent of noprotective effects that cannot be entirely explained by its hemodynamic actions. To study nonhemodynamic effects of Ang II on matrix metabolism, many investigators have used their blood pressure lowering effects [16-19]. The ACE cell culture systems. Glucose and Ang II have been shown to inhibitor enalapril inhibits gene expression of ECM proproduce similar effects on renal cells in culture. For instance, teins in diabetic rats [20], suggesting that Ang II is imporincubation of mesangial cells in high-glucose media or in the tant in the development of glomerulosclerosis and that presence of Ang II stimulates matrix protein synthesis and preventing its formation can decrease matrix synthesis. inhibits degradative enzyme (e.g., collagenase, plasmin) activity. Glucose and Ang II also can inhibit proximal tubule pro-However, in studies in whole animals or humans, it is teinases. Glucose increases expression of the angiotensinogen difficult to separate the effects of blood pressure reducgene in proximal tubule cells and Ang II production in primary tion from other biochemical effects of these agents. mesangial cell culture, which indicates that high glucose itself Use of cell culture obviates these problems because can activate the renin-angiotensin system. The effects of glucose and Ang II on mesangial matrix metabolism may be medi
Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are specialized cells with important roles in physiological f... more Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are specialized cells with important roles in physiological filtration and glomerular disease. Despite their unique features, GEnC have been little studied because of difficulty in maintaining them in cell culture. We have addressed this problem by generation of conditionally immortalized (ci) human GEnC using technology with which we have previously produced ci podocytes. Primary culture GEnC were transduced with temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large tumour antigen and telomerase using retroviral vectors. Cells were selected, cloned, and then characterized by light and electron microscopy (EM), response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, expression of endothelial markers by focused gene array, immunofluorescence and Western blotting, and formation and behaviour of monolayers. CiGEnC proliferated at the permissive temperature (33 degrees C) and became growth arrested at the non-permissive temperature (37 degrees C). CiGEnC retained morphological features of early-passage primary culture GEnC up to at least p41, confirming successful immortalization. EM demonstrated fenestrations, increased in number by VEGF. mRNA analysis confirmed expression of the endothelial markers platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 2, VEGF receptor 2, and von Willebrand factor, validated by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. CiGEnC also expressed Tie2, and TNFalpha upregulated E-selectin. CiGEnC formed monolayers with barrier properties responsive to cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) and thrombin. CiGEnC retain the markers and behaviour of primary culture GEnC. They express fenestrations which are upregulated in response to VEGF. These cells are a unique resource for further study of GEnC and their roles in glomerular filtration, glomerular disease, and response to glomerular injury.
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