Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Feb 27, 2011
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the d... more Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae) can also affect humans. The initial symptoms of malaria which include fever, headache and muscular aches. Plasmodium develops in the gut of the mosquito and passed in the saliva of an infected insect each time it takes a new blood meal. The parasites are then carried by the blood in the victim's liver where they invade the cells and multiply. After 9–16 days they return to the blood and penetrate the red cells, where they multiply again, progressively breaking down the red cells. In cerebral malaria, the infected red cells obstruct the blood vessels in the brain. The four species of malaria are distinguished by their different appearances of Trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes and staining, size and shape of infected red blood cells, and other characteristics. The key role of traditional medicine in the development of modern medicine for prevention of malaria is discussed in this article. Invitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activities are experimental models for detecting antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts in the erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites. The study is likely to promote a rational use of botanicals and must be continued focusing on the isolation and characterizing active principles of the crude extract, its pharmacological validation, standardization and formulation.
Journal of advanced scientific research, Feb 28, 2021
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of At... more A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C 18 (150x 4.6mm) 3.5 µm column. Elution was carried using mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer pH 6.5: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) at column temperature of 30˚C. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1 ml/min, and effluents were monitored by the PDA detector. Atazanavir sulfate was separated at the retention time of 3.9 min. The specificity of the method was determined by spiking major impurities like pyridinyl lactose acetal, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, dealkyl atazanavir, and pyridinyl benzaldehyde into Atazanavir sulfate. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to acid, base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The stability studies indicated that Atazanavir sulfate was stable in acid, thermal, UV light while susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and peroxide oxidation. Degraded products of peroxide and photolytic degradation coincide with the retention time of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and pyridinyl benzaldehyde impurity, respectively. The new method is rapid, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate and without any interference of degraded products and excipients. Hence, the method can be successfully applied to the routine quality control of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form.
International research journal of pharmacy, May 28, 2012
Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with s... more Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with substituted phenylsulphonyl chloride (5a-d) was carried to synthesized 5-(substituted bezenesulphonamido)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6a-m). As per Schotten-Boumann method, benzoylation of acetazolamide (1) and substituted benzoyl chloride (2a-c) was carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form Nsubstitutedbenzoyl acetazolamide (3a-c) which was further hydrolysed to obtained 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide(4a-c). Structures of the title compound were characterized by using spectral studies like UV, IR, NMR, GC etc. They were further screened for their antiepileptic activity. Among the tested compound 5-[(Methyl) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 methyl benzoyl)] sulphonamide and 5[(Methoxy) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 amino benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6h and 6k) showed better activity when compared with phenytoin sodium as a standard drug however remaining compound exhibits moderate to mild activity.
Schiff Base in Organic, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry [Working Title]
Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which are be... more Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which are becoming more and more significant. Schiff bases are imine or azomethine (–C=N–) functional group containing compounds that are produced through a nucleophile addition process. Excellent chelators called Schiff bases have a place in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in aqueous media. Schiff bases were discovered to be auxiliary scaffolds and adaptable pharmacophore for the creation and production of numerous bioactive leads compounds, and this special quality made them accessible for a wide range of biological applications. Schiff bases exhibit significant biological properties including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic antiglycation, and antidepressant activities. In situ cross-linked hydrogel systems are created using the Schiff bases, which are frequently utilized in coordination, organ...
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of At... more A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (150x 4.6mm) 3.5 μm column. Elution was carried using mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer pH 6.5: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) at column temperature of 30˚C. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1 ml/min, and effluents were monitored by the PDA detector. Atazanavir sulfate was separated at the retention time of 3.9 min. The specificity of the method was determined by spiking major impurities like pyridinyl lactose acetal, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, dealkyl atazanavir, and pyridinyl benzaldehyde into Atazanavir sulfate. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to acid, base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The stability studies indicated that Atazanavir sulfate was stable in acid, thermal, UV light while susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and peroxide oxidation. Degra...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2012
The present investigation was aimed to investigate the bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and ant... more The present investigation was aimed to investigate the bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa dried flower (WF-EE). WF-EE exhibited significant and dose dependent bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and antiinflammatory effect. WF-EE at 200 mg/kg prolonged the latent period and exhibited protection against experimental asthma induced by the combination of histamine and acetylcholine aerosol in guinea pigs. WF-EE (1 mg/ml) exhibited 100 % bronchodilation (complete bronchorelaxation) at concentrations 1.6 and 3.2 mg against acetylcholine and histamine induced contraction respectively. Administration of extract (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) to rats showed significant inhibition of carrageenan as well as egg albumin induced paw edema. The antiinflammatory effect of extract at 200 mg/kg was comparable to standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, WF-EE has not shown any toxicity symptoms and mortality up to 2000 mg...
Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with s... more Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with substituted phenylsulphonyl chloride (5a-d) was carried to synthesized 5-(substituted bezenesulphonamido)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6a-m). As per Schotten-Boumann method, benzoylation of acetazolamide (1) and substituted benzoyl chloride (2a-c) was carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form Nsubstitutedbenzoyl acetazolamide (3a-c) which was further hydrolysed to obtained 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide(4a-c). Structures of the title compound were characterized by using spectral studies like UV, IR, NMR, GC etc. They were further screened for their antiepileptic activity. Among the tested compound 5-[(Methyl) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 methyl benzoyl)] sulphonamide and 5[(Methoxy) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 amino benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6h and 6k) showed better activity when...
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 2011
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the d... more Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae) can also affect humans. The initial symptoms of malaria which include fever, headache and muscular aches. Plasmodium develops in the gut of the mosquito and passed in the saliva of an infected insect each time it takes a new blood meal. The parasites are then carried by the blood in the victim's liver where they invade the cells and multiply. After 9–16 days they return to the blood and penetrate the red cells, where they multiply again, progressively breaking down the red cells. In cerebral malaria, the infected red cells obstruct the blood vessels in the brain. The four species of malaria are distinguished by their different appearances of Trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes and staining, size and shape of infected red blood cells, and other characteri...
Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences, 2021
Empagliflozin (EMPA), chemically known as (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]ox... more Empagliflozin (EMPA), chemically known as (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is an oral anti-diabetic drug used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus that produces hypoglycemia by selective and competitive inhibition of sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) protein. Currently, EMPA is an emerging drug being prescribed by medical practitioners. The quality-oriented scheduled investigation of diverse commercially obtainable formulations of EMPA is a foremost challenge and recently few sophisticated analytical methods are reported for industrial-scale quantitative analysis. Review of analytical method of antidiabetic drug Empagliflozin. This interesting review article covered the recently published sophisticated instruments-based analytical methods in numerous pharmaceutical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, etc. of diverse areas like spectrophotometry (Ultraviolet-Visible), Ultra-high ...
International Journal of Current Research and Review, 2021
Introduction: Analytical methods like Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and High-Performance Liqui... more Introduction: Analytical methods like Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography play a critical role in equivalence and risk assessment and management. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Emtricitabine (ETB) is clinically a potent combination against HIV and hepatitis B virus devoid of short-term irritating toxicity. Objective: The present investigation deals with the development and validation of new UV spectrophotometric Vierordt's and Reverse Phase Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) methods for the simultaneous estimation of TDF and ETB in bulk and tablet dosage form as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Methods: Vierordt's method was developed on Shimadzu UV-1800 UV/Visible Spectrophotometer. Reverse phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography was developed on Shimadzu UPLC, X-Bridge C18 column equipped with a photodiode array detector. Mobile phase composed of water: methanol 62:38. The effluent was pass through the column 1.0 ml/min at 30o C and the response was recorded at 254 nm. Results: Absorption maxima of TDF and ETB were obtained at 260 nm and 281 nm respectively. The RSD of all validation parameters was lesser than 2 % indicated the accuracy of the Vierordt's method. In UFLC, the retention time of ETB and TDB were found to be at 3.371 and 6.850 min respectively. Purity angle and purity threshold of both peaks showed spectral homogeneity over all the peak region indicated its peak purity. Conclusion: The proposed Vierordt's and RP-UFLC methods found to be sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical and it can be employed for simultaneous estimation of ETB and TDB in bulk drugs and formulations.
Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the... more Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle‐like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient‐specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate t...
Randia dumetorum (RD) fruits in different form have been ethnopharmacologically reported to posse... more Randia dumetorum (RD) fruits in different form have been ethnopharmacologically reported to possess antiasthmatic property. Therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate two different extracts of RD i.e., ethyl acetate (RD-EA) and methanol (RD-ME) for bronchorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizing and antioxidant effect along with safety margin, according to OECD guidelines for toxicity. RD-ME and RD-EA (1 mg/mL) exhibited 68.75 and 57.39% inhibition of contraction against acetylcholine, while against histamine induced contraction, inhibition observed was 100 and 78.13%, respectively. Moreover, extracts attenuated the experimentally induced inflammation at 200 mg/kg with % inhibition of 41.62 by RD-ME and 30.36 by RD-EA in carrageenan model, while in egg albumin model RD-ME and RD-EA exhibited % inhibition of 48.31 and 33.75, respectively. In addition, RD-ME and RD-EA at 100 microg/mL demonstrated significant decrease in histamine release of 08.31 and 16.71 in C-48/...
The objective of this study was to develop the different batches of Hydroxy ethyl cellulose HEC (... more The objective of this study was to develop the different batches of Hydroxy ethyl cellulose HEC (BI, BII, BIII, BIV, BV, BVI, BVII) using cellulose (cotton cellulose) and ethylene oxide in their different ratio and evaluated their different physical parameters. Ibuprofen tablets were prepared by wet granulation method coated with different grades of HEC and finally the release pattern of them was compared with the marketed HEC tablets. The Ibuprofen tablets were coated with developed BII, BIV, and BVI and marketed HEC for 2%, 8 % and 10% weight gain and the release pattern was observed. The tablets coated with 2% showed faster release than 8% and 10%. As the coat of the tablet increases, the retardation in release was observed. Tablets coated with 2%, 8% and 10% from developed BIV and marketed HEC showed similar release.
The Diclofenac Sodium is BCS class II drug which comes under the antipyretic class drug, and has ... more The Diclofenac Sodium is BCS class II drug which comes under the antipyretic class drug, and has a wide range of use. But due to its low solubility it has low dissolution rate and hence reduced bioavailability. There are several methods for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. Pastillation technique is widely employed in chemical industry for solidification and better handling. Pastilles are solidified discrete units, acquired directly from the melt mass. However, this method of pastillation has not been explored for the drug delivery system yet. Literature revels that it can be used as a novel, effective and easiest method for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. The selection of polymer was done by the solubility studies and Kolliphor HS 15 was used to make the pastilles of Diclofenac Sodium. Formation of pastilles were confirmed by FT-IR and further evaluated for % yield, drug contents, solubility study and dissolution test. From the results it was c...
Journal of Natural Products and Resources, Jul 7, 2018
The present investigation deal to phytochemical studies of Theriophonum minutum (TM) extracts and... more The present investigation deal to phytochemical studies of Theriophonum minutum (TM) extracts and evaluation of its anticancer potential. The dried plant of TM was successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydro-alcoholic and water. Various extracts of TM reveal the presence of sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycoside, etc. TM extracts elicited significant in vitro antimitotic and antiproliferative assay by Allium cepa root inhibition and yeast proliferation model respectively. Ethyl acetate TM extract (200 mg/mL) exhibited interruption in cell proliferation of yeast as observed by marked reduction in number of dividing cells and inhibition of cell viability compared to control. Ethanolic extract of TM (100 mg/mL) has demonstrated significant inhibitory root growth in Allium cepa model. Therefore it was further evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in cell culture of human prostate (PC3), colon cancer (Colo-205) cell lines. Despite of significant antimitotic and antiproliferative activity, ethanolic TM extract exhibited low cytotoxicity in SRB assay.
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Feb 27, 2011
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the d... more Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae) can also affect humans. The initial symptoms of malaria which include fever, headache and muscular aches. Plasmodium develops in the gut of the mosquito and passed in the saliva of an infected insect each time it takes a new blood meal. The parasites are then carried by the blood in the victim's liver where they invade the cells and multiply. After 9–16 days they return to the blood and penetrate the red cells, where they multiply again, progressively breaking down the red cells. In cerebral malaria, the infected red cells obstruct the blood vessels in the brain. The four species of malaria are distinguished by their different appearances of Trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes and staining, size and shape of infected red blood cells, and other characteristics. The key role of traditional medicine in the development of modern medicine for prevention of malaria is discussed in this article. Invitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activities are experimental models for detecting antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts in the erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites. The study is likely to promote a rational use of botanicals and must be continued focusing on the isolation and characterizing active principles of the crude extract, its pharmacological validation, standardization and formulation.
Journal of advanced scientific research, Feb 28, 2021
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of At... more A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C 18 (150x 4.6mm) 3.5 µm column. Elution was carried using mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer pH 6.5: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) at column temperature of 30˚C. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1 ml/min, and effluents were monitored by the PDA detector. Atazanavir sulfate was separated at the retention time of 3.9 min. The specificity of the method was determined by spiking major impurities like pyridinyl lactose acetal, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, dealkyl atazanavir, and pyridinyl benzaldehyde into Atazanavir sulfate. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to acid, base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The stability studies indicated that Atazanavir sulfate was stable in acid, thermal, UV light while susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and peroxide oxidation. Degraded products of peroxide and photolytic degradation coincide with the retention time of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and pyridinyl benzaldehyde impurity, respectively. The new method is rapid, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate and without any interference of degraded products and excipients. Hence, the method can be successfully applied to the routine quality control of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form.
International research journal of pharmacy, May 28, 2012
Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with s... more Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with substituted phenylsulphonyl chloride (5a-d) was carried to synthesized 5-(substituted bezenesulphonamido)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6a-m). As per Schotten-Boumann method, benzoylation of acetazolamide (1) and substituted benzoyl chloride (2a-c) was carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form Nsubstitutedbenzoyl acetazolamide (3a-c) which was further hydrolysed to obtained 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide(4a-c). Structures of the title compound were characterized by using spectral studies like UV, IR, NMR, GC etc. They were further screened for their antiepileptic activity. Among the tested compound 5-[(Methyl) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 methyl benzoyl)] sulphonamide and 5[(Methoxy) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 amino benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6h and 6k) showed better activity when compared with phenytoin sodium as a standard drug however remaining compound exhibits moderate to mild activity.
Schiff Base in Organic, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry [Working Title]
Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which are be... more Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which are becoming more and more significant. Schiff bases are imine or azomethine (–C=N–) functional group containing compounds that are produced through a nucleophile addition process. Excellent chelators called Schiff bases have a place in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in aqueous media. Schiff bases were discovered to be auxiliary scaffolds and adaptable pharmacophore for the creation and production of numerous bioactive leads compounds, and this special quality made them accessible for a wide range of biological applications. Schiff bases exhibit significant biological properties including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic antiglycation, and antidepressant activities. In situ cross-linked hydrogel systems are created using the Schiff bases, which are frequently utilized in coordination, organ...
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of At... more A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (150x 4.6mm) 3.5 μm column. Elution was carried using mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer pH 6.5: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) at column temperature of 30˚C. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1 ml/min, and effluents were monitored by the PDA detector. Atazanavir sulfate was separated at the retention time of 3.9 min. The specificity of the method was determined by spiking major impurities like pyridinyl lactose acetal, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, dealkyl atazanavir, and pyridinyl benzaldehyde into Atazanavir sulfate. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to acid, base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The stability studies indicated that Atazanavir sulfate was stable in acid, thermal, UV light while susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and peroxide oxidation. Degra...
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2012
The present investigation was aimed to investigate the bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and ant... more The present investigation was aimed to investigate the bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa dried flower (WF-EE). WF-EE exhibited significant and dose dependent bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and antiinflammatory effect. WF-EE at 200 mg/kg prolonged the latent period and exhibited protection against experimental asthma induced by the combination of histamine and acetylcholine aerosol in guinea pigs. WF-EE (1 mg/ml) exhibited 100 % bronchodilation (complete bronchorelaxation) at concentrations 1.6 and 3.2 mg against acetylcholine and histamine induced contraction respectively. Administration of extract (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) to rats showed significant inhibition of carrageenan as well as egg albumin induced paw edema. The antiinflammatory effect of extract at 200 mg/kg was comparable to standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, WF-EE has not shown any toxicity symptoms and mortality up to 2000 mg...
Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with s... more Sulphonation of 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (4a-c) with substituted phenylsulphonyl chloride (5a-d) was carried to synthesized 5-(substituted bezenesulphonamido)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2[N-(substituted benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6a-m). As per Schotten-Boumann method, benzoylation of acetazolamide (1) and substituted benzoyl chloride (2a-c) was carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form Nsubstitutedbenzoyl acetazolamide (3a-c) which was further hydrolysed to obtained 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide(4a-c). Structures of the title compound were characterized by using spectral studies like UV, IR, NMR, GC etc. They were further screened for their antiepileptic activity. Among the tested compound 5-[(Methyl) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 methyl benzoyl)] sulphonamide and 5[(Methoxy) bezenesulphonamido)]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(4 amino benzoyl)] sulphonamide (6h and 6k) showed better activity when...
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 2011
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the d... more Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae) can also affect humans. The initial symptoms of malaria which include fever, headache and muscular aches. Plasmodium develops in the gut of the mosquito and passed in the saliva of an infected insect each time it takes a new blood meal. The parasites are then carried by the blood in the victim's liver where they invade the cells and multiply. After 9–16 days they return to the blood and penetrate the red cells, where they multiply again, progressively breaking down the red cells. In cerebral malaria, the infected red cells obstruct the blood vessels in the brain. The four species of malaria are distinguished by their different appearances of Trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes and staining, size and shape of infected red blood cells, and other characteri...
Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences, 2021
Empagliflozin (EMPA), chemically known as (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]ox... more Empagliflozin (EMPA), chemically known as (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is an oral anti-diabetic drug used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus that produces hypoglycemia by selective and competitive inhibition of sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) protein. Currently, EMPA is an emerging drug being prescribed by medical practitioners. The quality-oriented scheduled investigation of diverse commercially obtainable formulations of EMPA is a foremost challenge and recently few sophisticated analytical methods are reported for industrial-scale quantitative analysis. Review of analytical method of antidiabetic drug Empagliflozin. This interesting review article covered the recently published sophisticated instruments-based analytical methods in numerous pharmaceutical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, etc. of diverse areas like spectrophotometry (Ultraviolet-Visible), Ultra-high ...
International Journal of Current Research and Review, 2021
Introduction: Analytical methods like Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and High-Performance Liqui... more Introduction: Analytical methods like Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography play a critical role in equivalence and risk assessment and management. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Emtricitabine (ETB) is clinically a potent combination against HIV and hepatitis B virus devoid of short-term irritating toxicity. Objective: The present investigation deals with the development and validation of new UV spectrophotometric Vierordt's and Reverse Phase Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) methods for the simultaneous estimation of TDF and ETB in bulk and tablet dosage form as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Methods: Vierordt's method was developed on Shimadzu UV-1800 UV/Visible Spectrophotometer. Reverse phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography was developed on Shimadzu UPLC, X-Bridge C18 column equipped with a photodiode array detector. Mobile phase composed of water: methanol 62:38. The effluent was pass through the column 1.0 ml/min at 30o C and the response was recorded at 254 nm. Results: Absorption maxima of TDF and ETB were obtained at 260 nm and 281 nm respectively. The RSD of all validation parameters was lesser than 2 % indicated the accuracy of the Vierordt's method. In UFLC, the retention time of ETB and TDB were found to be at 3.371 and 6.850 min respectively. Purity angle and purity threshold of both peaks showed spectral homogeneity over all the peak region indicated its peak purity. Conclusion: The proposed Vierordt's and RP-UFLC methods found to be sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical and it can be employed for simultaneous estimation of ETB and TDB in bulk drugs and formulations.
Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the... more Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle‐like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient‐specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate t...
Randia dumetorum (RD) fruits in different form have been ethnopharmacologically reported to posse... more Randia dumetorum (RD) fruits in different form have been ethnopharmacologically reported to possess antiasthmatic property. Therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate two different extracts of RD i.e., ethyl acetate (RD-EA) and methanol (RD-ME) for bronchorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizing and antioxidant effect along with safety margin, according to OECD guidelines for toxicity. RD-ME and RD-EA (1 mg/mL) exhibited 68.75 and 57.39% inhibition of contraction against acetylcholine, while against histamine induced contraction, inhibition observed was 100 and 78.13%, respectively. Moreover, extracts attenuated the experimentally induced inflammation at 200 mg/kg with % inhibition of 41.62 by RD-ME and 30.36 by RD-EA in carrageenan model, while in egg albumin model RD-ME and RD-EA exhibited % inhibition of 48.31 and 33.75, respectively. In addition, RD-ME and RD-EA at 100 microg/mL demonstrated significant decrease in histamine release of 08.31 and 16.71 in C-48/...
The objective of this study was to develop the different batches of Hydroxy ethyl cellulose HEC (... more The objective of this study was to develop the different batches of Hydroxy ethyl cellulose HEC (BI, BII, BIII, BIV, BV, BVI, BVII) using cellulose (cotton cellulose) and ethylene oxide in their different ratio and evaluated their different physical parameters. Ibuprofen tablets were prepared by wet granulation method coated with different grades of HEC and finally the release pattern of them was compared with the marketed HEC tablets. The Ibuprofen tablets were coated with developed BII, BIV, and BVI and marketed HEC for 2%, 8 % and 10% weight gain and the release pattern was observed. The tablets coated with 2% showed faster release than 8% and 10%. As the coat of the tablet increases, the retardation in release was observed. Tablets coated with 2%, 8% and 10% from developed BIV and marketed HEC showed similar release.
The Diclofenac Sodium is BCS class II drug which comes under the antipyretic class drug, and has ... more The Diclofenac Sodium is BCS class II drug which comes under the antipyretic class drug, and has a wide range of use. But due to its low solubility it has low dissolution rate and hence reduced bioavailability. There are several methods for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. Pastillation technique is widely employed in chemical industry for solidification and better handling. Pastilles are solidified discrete units, acquired directly from the melt mass. However, this method of pastillation has not been explored for the drug delivery system yet. Literature revels that it can be used as a novel, effective and easiest method for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate. The selection of polymer was done by the solubility studies and Kolliphor HS 15 was used to make the pastilles of Diclofenac Sodium. Formation of pastilles were confirmed by FT-IR and further evaluated for % yield, drug contents, solubility study and dissolution test. From the results it was c...
Journal of Natural Products and Resources, Jul 7, 2018
The present investigation deal to phytochemical studies of Theriophonum minutum (TM) extracts and... more The present investigation deal to phytochemical studies of Theriophonum minutum (TM) extracts and evaluation of its anticancer potential. The dried plant of TM was successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydro-alcoholic and water. Various extracts of TM reveal the presence of sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycoside, etc. TM extracts elicited significant in vitro antimitotic and antiproliferative assay by Allium cepa root inhibition and yeast proliferation model respectively. Ethyl acetate TM extract (200 mg/mL) exhibited interruption in cell proliferation of yeast as observed by marked reduction in number of dividing cells and inhibition of cell viability compared to control. Ethanolic extract of TM (100 mg/mL) has demonstrated significant inhibitory root growth in Allium cepa model. Therefore it was further evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in cell culture of human prostate (PC3), colon cancer (Colo-205) cell lines. Despite of significant antimitotic and antiproliferative activity, ethanolic TM extract exhibited low cytotoxicity in SRB assay.
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