European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences
In this study, a straw was employed at the coagulation and flocculation of total petroleum hydroc... more In this study, a straw was employed at the coagulation and flocculation of total petroleum hydrocarbons from industrial wastewater in the refinery oil company in Basra province, using the design of experiments approach using the method of (analyzing screening designs). Independent factors in the experiments (pH, dose of the substance used for removal, and time of the experiment). Furthermore, the link between the test's independent variables and their impact on the elimination process. As previously stated, the results revealed that the square model is the optimum model in this study, and the maximum removal was 100% at PH (3), dose (2) g, and time (30) minutes, and a comparison was made between the experimental design DOE and the multiple linear regression MLR to determine the effectiveness of the system used, which proved its great effectiveness. MLR was too distant from the real consequences of DOE removal when there was a strong convergence between the real and expected impa...
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in Iraq.
A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water dist... more A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water distribution system network of Al-Hakeem Quarter at Maqil district in the Governorate of Basrah. The model is calibrated according to the observed head in 5 junctions. Head at selected junctions is measured by Bourdon gauge. The best results of the model are selected according to a trial and error procedure based on three common statistic coefficients (root mean squared error, standard error, and coefficient of correlation). This model can be used if any changes, such as the addition of elevated tank to the region, addition of another pumping station, or an expansion of the network take place in the future.
... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepte... more ... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepted on:2/4/2009 ... 4. H. Sobri, MK Amir Hashim, and AN Nor Irwan, “Rainfall-runoff modeling using artificial neural network”, Proceedings of 2nd World Engineering Congress. ...
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in ...
Advance Publication is a service for online publication of manuscripts prior to releasing fully e... more Advance Publication is a service for online publication of manuscripts prior to releasing fully edited, printed versions. Entire manuscripts and a portion of the graphical abstract can be released on the web as soon as the submission is accepted. Note that the Chemical Society of Japan bears no responsibility for issues resulting from the use of information taken from unedited, Advance Publication manuscripts.
Groundwater salinity level is one of the most important considerations for monitoring soil degrad... more Groundwater salinity level is one of the most important considerations for monitoring soil degradation that threat some regions in the southwest of Basra Province, Iraq. The aim of this research is to assign the appropriate and effective image processing techniques to be implemented for monitoring, and then to evaluate groundwater salinity level map. Landsat TM 2000 and ETM 2015 images respectively have been selected, as well as ancillary data of the available salinity field measurements have been used. Spatial overlay analysis between salt affected areas and water table were made to assess spatial distribution as well as relationships with these features. The result shows that about 47.8% of the areas were low-saline in 2000. This gradually decreased to 35.9% in 2015. Large area change was observed in the slightly and moderately saline soil categories. High sensitive areas of saline soil were about 13.3% in 2000 and this increased to 19.4% in 2015. Areas highly vulnerable to salinization were related to the groundwater salinity level that normally occurred on the soil sediment in this location of study.
A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water dist... more A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water distribution system network of Al-Hakeem Quarter at Maqil district in the Governorate of Basrah. The model is calibrated according to the observed head in 5 junctions. Head at selected junctions is measured by Bourdon gauge. The best results of the model are selected according to a trial and error procedure based on three common statistic coefficients (root mean squared error, standard error, and coefficient of correlation). This model can be used if any changes, such as the addition of elevated tank to the region, addition of another pumping station, or an expansion of the network take place in the future.
A new hybrid inorganic-organic copolymer, aluminum chloride-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), was... more A new hybrid inorganic-organic copolymer, aluminum chloride-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), was prepared using the free radical polymerization method and employed in this study. The hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). This hybrid copolymer was used in the flocculation of wastewater as a new flocculant. The design variables in the flocculation experiments were hybrid copolymer dosage and wastewater pH. The central composite design (CCD) for the response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to develop a mathematical model and to optimize the parameters of the flocculation process in terms of optimal removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. After applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of all quadratic models, it was found that the obtained value of the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was more than 0...
Natural zeolite was modified by NaCl, AlCl3 and thermal treatment for the removal of NH4 + and PO... more Natural zeolite was modified by NaCl, AlCl3 and thermal treatment for the removal of NH4 + and PO4 3− ions. The characteristics of the modified zeolite (AlZ) and its mechanism for the NH4 + and PO4 3− removal were studied and compared. The results showed that the surface area and the Na + and Al 3+ content increased whereas the content of Ca 2+ , K + and Mg 2+ decreased after zeolite modification. On natural zeolite when activated with the 1 M NaCl and 10 cm 3 /g of pillaring dosage, high adsorption efficiencies for the NH4 + (97.80%) and PO4 3− (98.60%) were obtained. The results of various analyses indicated that the Na + exchange is the main mechanism for NH4 + removal whereas the adsorption mechanism for PO4 3− followed the complexation with Al-OH groups present in the AlZ. In addition, the kinetics study showed that the adsorption of NH4 + and PO4 3− followed pseudo-second order model while the adsorption isotherm of NH4 + and PO4 3− is consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the Gibbs free energy change for the simultaneous removal of the ions indicates that NH4 + is adsorbed faster compared to PO4 3−. The simultaneous removal of NH4 + and PO4 3− by AlZ adsorbent is cost effective in water treatment at low ion concentrations.
Shatt Al-Arab River (in Basrah province South of Iraq) is approximately 192 km long. It plays a k... more Shatt Al-Arab River (in Basrah province South of Iraq) is approximately 192 km long. It plays a key role in providing water for domestic purposes, irrigation, manufacturing, in addition to shipment. Recently the river suffers from increasing pollution, due to wastes from industries, domestic sewage and agricultural activities that find their way into water sources and result in large scale deterioration of water quality. Investigating the river size and significance, becomes necessary to perform a study to understand the water quality of this river that is considered by some experts as one of the most contaminated in Iraq. This work uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) to describe the pollution level of the river and by using Geographic Information System (GIS) to create WQI map. This study also determines the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality throughout its course. WQI has been formulated making use of several water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, Diss...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustain... more Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PI 5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na% 8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations. The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS > 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2014
In this study, aluminum chloride-poly (acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) inorganicor... more In this study, aluminum chloride-poly (acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) inorganicorganic hybrid copolymer was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by the redox initiation system (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 and NaHSO 3 at 45°C in an aqueous medium. The AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) inorganic-organic hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer was employed to treat the turbidity of kaolin suspension. Taguchi's experimental design method was used to determine the optimal conditions for turbidity removal. The design variables in this research were the initial concentration of kaolin suspension, pH and the AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer dosage. Taguchi Orthogonal arrays, the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine the optimal level and to analyze the effect of design variables in the flocculation process on the turbidity removal. ANN model was per formed to predict the final turbidity. According to the values of the error analysis and the coefficient of determination, ANN model was found that the proposed model was more appropriate to describe the turbidity reduction using the AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer in the flocculation process. The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) was found to be the best of the six proposed Back Propagation (BP) algorithms with a minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE). The optimum neuron number in the hidden layer of the LMA was 12 neurons with MSE of 0.0000004438. Hence, ANN presented a very good performance for turbidity response value.
In this study, a novel aluminum chloride-ploy(acrylamide) hybrid polymer has been synthesized by ... more In this study, a novel aluminum chloride-ploy(acrylamide) hybrid polymer has been synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in the presence of ammonium persulphate and sodium hydrogen sulphite as polymerization’s initiators. On the other hand, the structure of hybrid polymer (AlCl3-PAM) has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied in the flocculation process of wastewater treatment to achieve maximum removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity , and chemical oxygen demined (COD), as the other objectives of this study. The operating variables in this experiment were new hybrid polymer dose and wastewater pH. The maximum conditions have been found to be wastewater pH 7, and hybrid polymer dose 100 mg/l. Under these optimal conditions, the removal of turbidity, TSS, and COD in the effluen...
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2014
The objectives of this study were to modify Chinese natural zeolite by NaCl and to investigate it... more The objectives of this study were to modify Chinese natural zeolite by NaCl and to investigate its suitability as a low-cost clay adsorbent to remove ammonium from aqueous solution. The effect of pH on ammonium removal was investigated by batch experiments. The findings indicated that pH has a significant effect on the removal of ammonium by M-Zeo and maximum adsorption occured at pH 8. Ion exchange dominated the ammonium adsorption process at neutral pH, with the order of exchange selectivity being Na + > Ca 2+ > K + > Mg 2+. The Freundlich model provided a better description of the adsorption process than the Langmuir model. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacity was 17.83 mg/g for M-Zeo at 293K. Considering the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies, the adsorption of ammonium by M-Zeo was endothermic and spontaneous chemisorption. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of ammonium onto M-Zeo is well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. E a in the Arrhenius equation suggested the adsorption of ammonium on M-Zeo was a fast and diffusion-controlled process. The regeneration rate was 90.61% after 5 cycles. The removal of ammonium from real wastewater was carried out, and the removal efficiency was up to 99.13%. Thus, due to its cost-effectiveness and high adsorption capacity, M-Zeo has potential for use in ammonium removal from aqueous solutions.
... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepte... more ... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepted on:2/4/2009 ... 4. H. Sobri, MK Amir Hashim, and AN Nor Irwan, “Rainfall-runoff modeling using artificial neural network”, Proceedings of 2nd World Engineering Congress. ...
In this paper, a new ferric chloride-(polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted-polyacrylamide) hybrid copolym... more In this paper, a new ferric chloride-(polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted-polyacrylamide) hybrid copolymer was successfully synthesized by free radical polymerization in solution using ceric ammonium nitrate as redox initiator. The hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM), involving central composite design (CCD) matrix with two of the most important operating variables in the flocculation process; hybrid copolymer dosage and pH were utilized for the study and for the optimization of the wastewater treatment process. Response surface analyses showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted to quadratic polynomial models. Under the optimum conditions, the turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 96.4% and 83.5% according to RSM optimization, whereas the optimum removals based on the genetic algorithm (GA) were 96.56% and 83.54% for the turbidity and COD removal models. Based on these results, wastewater treatment using this novel hybrid copolymer has proved to be an effective alternative in the overseeing of turbidity and COD problems of municipal wastewater.
European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences
In this study, a straw was employed at the coagulation and flocculation of total petroleum hydroc... more In this study, a straw was employed at the coagulation and flocculation of total petroleum hydrocarbons from industrial wastewater in the refinery oil company in Basra province, using the design of experiments approach using the method of (analyzing screening designs). Independent factors in the experiments (pH, dose of the substance used for removal, and time of the experiment). Furthermore, the link between the test's independent variables and their impact on the elimination process. As previously stated, the results revealed that the square model is the optimum model in this study, and the maximum removal was 100% at PH (3), dose (2) g, and time (30) minutes, and a comparison was made between the experimental design DOE and the multiple linear regression MLR to determine the effectiveness of the system used, which proved its great effectiveness. MLR was too distant from the real consequences of DOE removal when there was a strong convergence between the real and expected impa...
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in Iraq.
A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water dist... more A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water distribution system network of Al-Hakeem Quarter at Maqil district in the Governorate of Basrah. The model is calibrated according to the observed head in 5 junctions. Head at selected junctions is measured by Bourdon gauge. The best results of the model are selected according to a trial and error procedure based on three common statistic coefficients (root mean squared error, standard error, and coefficient of correlation). This model can be used if any changes, such as the addition of elevated tank to the region, addition of another pumping station, or an expansion of the network take place in the future.
... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepte... more ... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepted on:2/4/2009 ... 4. H. Sobri, MK Amir Hashim, and AN Nor Irwan, “Rainfall-runoff modeling using artificial neural network”, Proceedings of 2nd World Engineering Congress. ...
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fo... more The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas of Iraq. The performance of the three-chamber ABR has been investigated at four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 6 to 36 h. The results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency is enhanced with increasing HRT, where it was recorded at 75, 71, 63, and 56% removals rate of COD at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. The mean steady-state removals of total suspended solids are 91, 78, 72, and 67% at HRTs of 36, 24, 12, and 6 h, respectively. Also, it was shown that there was low-nutrients removal within the ABR. Consequently, the effluent ABR wastewater needs to be post-treated before being discharged to the receiving water bodies. In general, it is concluded that the ABR could introduce a solution for on-site primary treatment of domestic wastewater in rural communities in ...
Advance Publication is a service for online publication of manuscripts prior to releasing fully e... more Advance Publication is a service for online publication of manuscripts prior to releasing fully edited, printed versions. Entire manuscripts and a portion of the graphical abstract can be released on the web as soon as the submission is accepted. Note that the Chemical Society of Japan bears no responsibility for issues resulting from the use of information taken from unedited, Advance Publication manuscripts.
Groundwater salinity level is one of the most important considerations for monitoring soil degrad... more Groundwater salinity level is one of the most important considerations for monitoring soil degradation that threat some regions in the southwest of Basra Province, Iraq. The aim of this research is to assign the appropriate and effective image processing techniques to be implemented for monitoring, and then to evaluate groundwater salinity level map. Landsat TM 2000 and ETM 2015 images respectively have been selected, as well as ancillary data of the available salinity field measurements have been used. Spatial overlay analysis between salt affected areas and water table were made to assess spatial distribution as well as relationships with these features. The result shows that about 47.8% of the areas were low-saline in 2000. This gradually decreased to 35.9% in 2015. Large area change was observed in the slightly and moderately saline soil categories. High sensitive areas of saline soil were about 13.3% in 2000 and this increased to 19.4% in 2015. Areas highly vulnerable to salinization were related to the groundwater salinity level that normally occurred on the soil sediment in this location of study.
A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water dist... more A hydraulic network model has been constructed by using EPANET program to simulate the water distribution system network of Al-Hakeem Quarter at Maqil district in the Governorate of Basrah. The model is calibrated according to the observed head in 5 junctions. Head at selected junctions is measured by Bourdon gauge. The best results of the model are selected according to a trial and error procedure based on three common statistic coefficients (root mean squared error, standard error, and coefficient of correlation). This model can be used if any changes, such as the addition of elevated tank to the region, addition of another pumping station, or an expansion of the network take place in the future.
A new hybrid inorganic-organic copolymer, aluminum chloride-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), was... more A new hybrid inorganic-organic copolymer, aluminum chloride-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), was prepared using the free radical polymerization method and employed in this study. The hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). This hybrid copolymer was used in the flocculation of wastewater as a new flocculant. The design variables in the flocculation experiments were hybrid copolymer dosage and wastewater pH. The central composite design (CCD) for the response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to develop a mathematical model and to optimize the parameters of the flocculation process in terms of optimal removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. After applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of all quadratic models, it was found that the obtained value of the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was more than 0...
Natural zeolite was modified by NaCl, AlCl3 and thermal treatment for the removal of NH4 + and PO... more Natural zeolite was modified by NaCl, AlCl3 and thermal treatment for the removal of NH4 + and PO4 3− ions. The characteristics of the modified zeolite (AlZ) and its mechanism for the NH4 + and PO4 3− removal were studied and compared. The results showed that the surface area and the Na + and Al 3+ content increased whereas the content of Ca 2+ , K + and Mg 2+ decreased after zeolite modification. On natural zeolite when activated with the 1 M NaCl and 10 cm 3 /g of pillaring dosage, high adsorption efficiencies for the NH4 + (97.80%) and PO4 3− (98.60%) were obtained. The results of various analyses indicated that the Na + exchange is the main mechanism for NH4 + removal whereas the adsorption mechanism for PO4 3− followed the complexation with Al-OH groups present in the AlZ. In addition, the kinetics study showed that the adsorption of NH4 + and PO4 3− followed pseudo-second order model while the adsorption isotherm of NH4 + and PO4 3− is consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the Gibbs free energy change for the simultaneous removal of the ions indicates that NH4 + is adsorbed faster compared to PO4 3−. The simultaneous removal of NH4 + and PO4 3− by AlZ adsorbent is cost effective in water treatment at low ion concentrations.
Shatt Al-Arab River (in Basrah province South of Iraq) is approximately 192 km long. It plays a k... more Shatt Al-Arab River (in Basrah province South of Iraq) is approximately 192 km long. It plays a key role in providing water for domestic purposes, irrigation, manufacturing, in addition to shipment. Recently the river suffers from increasing pollution, due to wastes from industries, domestic sewage and agricultural activities that find their way into water sources and result in large scale deterioration of water quality. Investigating the river size and significance, becomes necessary to perform a study to understand the water quality of this river that is considered by some experts as one of the most contaminated in Iraq. This work uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) to describe the pollution level of the river and by using Geographic Information System (GIS) to create WQI map. This study also determines the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality throughout its course. WQI has been formulated making use of several water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, Diss...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustain... more Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PI 5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na% 8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations. The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS > 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2014
In this study, aluminum chloride-poly (acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) inorganicor... more In this study, aluminum chloride-poly (acrylamide-co-dimethyldiallyammonium chloride) inorganicorganic hybrid copolymer was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by the redox initiation system (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 and NaHSO 3 at 45°C in an aqueous medium. The AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) inorganic-organic hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer was employed to treat the turbidity of kaolin suspension. Taguchi's experimental design method was used to determine the optimal conditions for turbidity removal. The design variables in this research were the initial concentration of kaolin suspension, pH and the AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer dosage. Taguchi Orthogonal arrays, the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine the optimal level and to analyze the effect of design variables in the flocculation process on the turbidity removal. ANN model was per formed to predict the final turbidity. According to the values of the error analysis and the coefficient of determination, ANN model was found that the proposed model was more appropriate to describe the turbidity reduction using the AlCl 3-P(AM-co-DADAAC) hybrid copolymer in the flocculation process. The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) was found to be the best of the six proposed Back Propagation (BP) algorithms with a minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE). The optimum neuron number in the hidden layer of the LMA was 12 neurons with MSE of 0.0000004438. Hence, ANN presented a very good performance for turbidity response value.
In this study, a novel aluminum chloride-ploy(acrylamide) hybrid polymer has been synthesized by ... more In this study, a novel aluminum chloride-ploy(acrylamide) hybrid polymer has been synthesized by free radical solution polymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in the presence of ammonium persulphate and sodium hydrogen sulphite as polymerization’s initiators. On the other hand, the structure of hybrid polymer (AlCl3-PAM) has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied in the flocculation process of wastewater treatment to achieve maximum removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity , and chemical oxygen demined (COD), as the other objectives of this study. The operating variables in this experiment were new hybrid polymer dose and wastewater pH. The maximum conditions have been found to be wastewater pH 7, and hybrid polymer dose 100 mg/l. Under these optimal conditions, the removal of turbidity, TSS, and COD in the effluen...
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2014
The objectives of this study were to modify Chinese natural zeolite by NaCl and to investigate it... more The objectives of this study were to modify Chinese natural zeolite by NaCl and to investigate its suitability as a low-cost clay adsorbent to remove ammonium from aqueous solution. The effect of pH on ammonium removal was investigated by batch experiments. The findings indicated that pH has a significant effect on the removal of ammonium by M-Zeo and maximum adsorption occured at pH 8. Ion exchange dominated the ammonium adsorption process at neutral pH, with the order of exchange selectivity being Na + > Ca 2+ > K + > Mg 2+. The Freundlich model provided a better description of the adsorption process than the Langmuir model. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacity was 17.83 mg/g for M-Zeo at 293K. Considering the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies, the adsorption of ammonium by M-Zeo was endothermic and spontaneous chemisorption. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of ammonium onto M-Zeo is well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. E a in the Arrhenius equation suggested the adsorption of ammonium on M-Zeo was a fast and diffusion-controlled process. The regeneration rate was 90.61% after 5 cycles. The removal of ammonium from real wastewater was carried out, and the removal efficiency was up to 99.13%. Thus, due to its cost-effectiveness and high adsorption capacity, M-Zeo has potential for use in ammonium removal from aqueous solutions.
... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepte... more ... Ali H. Al Aboodi*, Ammar S. Dawood* & Sarmad A. Abbas* Received on:31/8 /2008 Accepted on:2/4/2009 ... 4. H. Sobri, MK Amir Hashim, and AN Nor Irwan, “Rainfall-runoff modeling using artificial neural network”, Proceedings of 2nd World Engineering Congress. ...
In this paper, a new ferric chloride-(polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted-polyacrylamide) hybrid copolym... more In this paper, a new ferric chloride-(polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted-polyacrylamide) hybrid copolymer was successfully synthesized by free radical polymerization in solution using ceric ammonium nitrate as redox initiator. The hybrid copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM), involving central composite design (CCD) matrix with two of the most important operating variables in the flocculation process; hybrid copolymer dosage and pH were utilized for the study and for the optimization of the wastewater treatment process. Response surface analyses showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted to quadratic polynomial models. Under the optimum conditions, the turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 96.4% and 83.5% according to RSM optimization, whereas the optimum removals based on the genetic algorithm (GA) were 96.56% and 83.54% for the turbidity and COD removal models. Based on these results, wastewater treatment using this novel hybrid copolymer has proved to be an effective alternative in the overseeing of turbidity and COD problems of municipal wastewater.
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