HUOM! Tämä on alkuperäisen artikkelin rinnakkaistallenne. Rinnakkaistallenne saattaa erota alkupe... more HUOM! Tämä on alkuperäisen artikkelin rinnakkaistallenne. Rinnakkaistallenne saattaa erota alkuperäisestä sivutukseltaan ja painoasultaan.
The trustworthiness of a system is not just about proving the identity or integrity of the hardwa... more The trustworthiness of a system is not just about proving the identity or integrity of the hardware but also extends to the data, control, and management planes of communication between devices and the software they are running. This trust in data and device integrity is desirable for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, especially in critical environments. In this study, we developed a security framework, IoTAttest, for building IoT systems that leverage the Trusted Platform Module 2.0 and remote attestation technologies to enable the establishment of IoT devices’ collected data and control plan traffic integrity. After presenting the features and reference architecture of IoTAttest, we evaluated the privacy preservation and validity through the implementation of two proof-of-concept IoT applications that were designed by two teams of university students based on the reference architecture. After the development, the developers answered open questions regarding their experience and pe...
The author name "Ghalebani" was misspelled as "Ghalabani" in the original publication of this art... more The author name "Ghalebani" was misspelled as "Ghalabani" in the original publication of this article. The original article has been corrected.
Emotional contagion is an intriguing subject in many academic fields, and it is also relevant in ... more Emotional contagion is an intriguing subject in many academic fields, and it is also relevant in collaborative learning where learners share a physical or virtual space. We aimed at exploring the possibilities of motivating, fascinating, and experiential elements of virtual reality (VR) in a collaborative learning context, with a focus on emotional contagion. We adopted the eSports mode as a competency development strategy in collaborative learning, using VR to evaluate emotional contagion that is invoked between the presenters and spectators. For this purpose, we created a VR application (HHVR) that allows freshmen students to learn about the premises and academic life at a university. We then divided 43 adult participants into presenters (N = 9) and spectators (N = 34); the presenters experienced the HHVR application first-hand, whereas the spectators watched the experience through a monitor. We used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to measure what feelings of being ...
Immersive virtual reality applications based on head-mounted displays are gaining momentum among ... more Immersive virtual reality applications based on head-mounted displays are gaining momentum among students and educational institutes, but there is a lack of information about the preferences of virtual characters and emotional engagement in these applications. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate participants’ preferences on virtual characters in virtual reality; (ii) measure emotional engagement among the users in terms of Feelings of Being; and (iii) identify relationships between virtual characters and emotional engagement. We conducted a mixed-method user experience evaluation on the HHVR virtual reality application that introduces the premises of a Finnish university and has three virtual characters: a human virtual character based on a real person, a fictional human virtual character, and a cat virtual character. We set up an eSports event where presenters (N = 12, mean age: 31.09) experienced HHVR using a head-mounted display and spectators (N = 38, mean age: 25...
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2018
In this paper, we present how the design of mobile learning applications has undergone three diff... more In this paper, we present how the design of mobile learning applications has undergone three different phases since the beginning of this millennium. Users’ expectations and requirements on m-learning applications have continuously evolved and affected the applications through the different phases. Initially (era 1), the evolvement was a result of the advancement of mobile technologies, devices, and network services. However, technology is not the sole source of evolvement: users’ changing expectations and cultural surroundings have an increasing impact on the utilisation of m-learning applications. During the second era focus shifted toward usability (efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction). The emerging third era has focus on experiential factors which impact the sustainable use of a mobile learning application. The case examples in the paper demonstrate the transitions from technological era to usability era - and even further to user experience era with analyses on emotional, experiential, and engaging factors. The resulting three eras outlined in this paper help developers anticipating future demands with development activities focusing on emotions and engagement.
Contemporary technological advancements, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, have exte... more Contemporary technological advancements, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, have extended smartphones’ capabilities further than ever before. These devices are especially popular among students for performing their educational activities. However, students are skeptical or hesitant to try new technologies for various physical and psychological reasons, such as lack of knowledge, wrong attitudes, and misperceptions of the ease of installation and usage. In this study, we investigated students’ mental models and perceptions of mobile virtual reality (MVR) application installation and usage. To achieve the research objective, we designed and developed an MVR case study application and conducted a usability evaluation, a user-experience assessment, and pre- and post-questionnaires. The questionnaires helped us compare the students’ attitude changes from before and after the case study experiment. Based on the results of this study, we elaborate the challenges, opportunities,...
Facial recognition is a method of identifying a human face with the help of computer vision (CV).... more Facial recognition is a method of identifying a human face with the help of computer vision (CV). The popularity of smart gadgets and the advancement of cameras’ capabilities have caused facial recognition to become a hot topic among academia and practitioners. Besides the traditional facial data gathered from surveillance systems, commercial facial recognition systems for measuring emotional states have recently become popular. These systems are often AI-based and use facial recognition algorithms, along with biometrics, to map facial features and motions from an image or through a live stream. The aim of this paper is to study the ability of these systems to detect emotion accurately. Humans have complex personalities that are often present in our facial expressions and do not necessarily reflect specific feelings. Additionally, those with personality disorders, such as narcissistic or histrionic personality disorder, have different facial expressions than the general public. Those expressions are not representative of the emotions that would be detected through the diagnostic systems. Therefore, complementary technologies and solutions are needed to make such measurements more accurate
This paper aims to reveal the outcomes of two distinct mobile application concept design and deve... more This paper aims to reveal the outcomes of two distinct mobile application concept design and development courses at Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences. These courses have applied dissimilar pedagogical approaches that aim to design and develop innovative mobile application for their target users. The main goal of these courses was to teach students to conduct user studies and collect users’ requirements and design application concept accordingly. ICT professionals nowadays are expected to communicate and work in multidisciplinary teams to reach overall business goals. As a result, universities by offering courses such as User Centered Design (UCD) and usability engineering related courses prepare students with better competences on their highly competitive job markets. This study pursuits to identify the best teaching approaches for innovative product concept development at higher educational institutes by comparing the results of the two distinct pedagogical approaches User Centered Design and Customer Journey Mapping
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2021
Constant changes in a business context and software development make it important to understand h... more Constant changes in a business context and software development make it important to understand how software quality assurance (SQA) should respond. Examining SQA from supplier and client perspectives, this study explores how different groups of SQA practitioners perceive future needs. A survey (n = 93) conducted in fall 2017 explored the views of SQA organizations on future trends. The results indicate that SQA organizations differ slightly in their attitudes to quality categories, as do different groups of SQA practitioners. It is argued that these differences should be taken into account when developing and implementing future SQA strategy. It is further argued that the found basic enables SQA management, evaluation of new practices, and allocation of resources to ensure that all quality categories remain balanced in the future.
This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in vari... more This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in various conferences and journals during 2002-2010. This review helps us to identify the user-centred methods and practices for developing mobile learning applications. In addition to the literature review, three ongoing m-learning projects are reviewed for user-centred development activities. This paper argues that despite the user-centered design (UCD) and participatory design (PD) methods support the development of mobile learning applications, the emotional factors are emerging as significant design issues in m-learning and provide important support for m-learning application development in the future.
Rapidly developing a customizable mobile application and the related software as a service (SaaS)... more Rapidly developing a customizable mobile application and the related software as a service (SaaS) is challenging and rarely studied. Traditionally, SaaS solutions are mainly accessed using personal computers, but the mobile SaaS solutions are needed in the tourism sector, for example, where users are mobile. This paper presents a case study where the original need was to design a customizable mobile tourism guide service for use by several small tourism companies, and to assess its functionality in a field study. The result of applying the Vaadin 6 Java web framework and LAMP technologies was a robust mobile application SaaS prototype system that fulfilled the essential design needs in the eight field test cases. This study shows that the field testing of a mobile concept can be completed easier when using Vaadin Java web framework, as it provides support for cross-platform functionality and GUI design, and completes, for example, LAMP-based SaaS solution. However, results point it out that new digital navigation features were needed to develop or improved and mobile web approach causes some usability challenges especially in the compass based navigation and user tracking. This study provides an example of how to develop a SaaS-based mobile service prototyping environment, which is needed while field testing new B2B mobile services with various groups of stakeholders. Our case study analysis reveal that the Vaadin development environment facilitates the rapid prototyping for digital services in an affordable way. The overall contribution of this paper is predominantly for software engineers and web application developers.
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 2018
This paper details the concept development process for an interactive and augmented reality based... more This paper details the concept development process for an interactive and augmented reality based application that compensates for attending Orientation Week at a higher education institution. The application will help freshmen learn about the institution's environment and campus, degree program, and course curriculum before school starts. For efficiency and to elicit high emotional engagement, various pedagogical and technological approaches are used for presenting the content, such as gamification and augmented reality. Awareness of their future learning environment, study path, and course details helps students reduce their fear of failure, and this, in turn, prevents educational withdrawal. In addition to raising awareness, the interactive augmented learning for orientation application saves educational institutions significant time and resources by preparing new students for their educational journey on their personal mobile devices. The contribution of this paper is both for academicians and practitioners regarding the process for developing an innovative concept.
This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in vari... more This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in various conferences and journals during 2002-2010. This review helps us to identify the user-centred methods and practices for developing mobile learning applications. In addition to the literature review, three ongoing m-learning projects are reviewed for user-centred development activities. This paper argues that despite the user-centered design (UCD) and participatory design (PD) methods support the development of mobile learning applications, the emotional factors are emerging as significant design issues in m-learning and provide important support for m-learning application development in the future.
HUOM! Tämä on alkuperäisen artikkelin rinnakkaistallenne. Rinnakkaistallenne saattaa erota alkupe... more HUOM! Tämä on alkuperäisen artikkelin rinnakkaistallenne. Rinnakkaistallenne saattaa erota alkuperäisestä sivutukseltaan ja painoasultaan.
The trustworthiness of a system is not just about proving the identity or integrity of the hardwa... more The trustworthiness of a system is not just about proving the identity or integrity of the hardware but also extends to the data, control, and management planes of communication between devices and the software they are running. This trust in data and device integrity is desirable for Internet of Things (IoT) systems, especially in critical environments. In this study, we developed a security framework, IoTAttest, for building IoT systems that leverage the Trusted Platform Module 2.0 and remote attestation technologies to enable the establishment of IoT devices’ collected data and control plan traffic integrity. After presenting the features and reference architecture of IoTAttest, we evaluated the privacy preservation and validity through the implementation of two proof-of-concept IoT applications that were designed by two teams of university students based on the reference architecture. After the development, the developers answered open questions regarding their experience and pe...
The author name "Ghalebani" was misspelled as "Ghalabani" in the original publication of this art... more The author name "Ghalebani" was misspelled as "Ghalabani" in the original publication of this article. The original article has been corrected.
Emotional contagion is an intriguing subject in many academic fields, and it is also relevant in ... more Emotional contagion is an intriguing subject in many academic fields, and it is also relevant in collaborative learning where learners share a physical or virtual space. We aimed at exploring the possibilities of motivating, fascinating, and experiential elements of virtual reality (VR) in a collaborative learning context, with a focus on emotional contagion. We adopted the eSports mode as a competency development strategy in collaborative learning, using VR to evaluate emotional contagion that is invoked between the presenters and spectators. For this purpose, we created a VR application (HHVR) that allows freshmen students to learn about the premises and academic life at a university. We then divided 43 adult participants into presenters (N = 9) and spectators (N = 34); the presenters experienced the HHVR application first-hand, whereas the spectators watched the experience through a monitor. We used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to measure what feelings of being ...
Immersive virtual reality applications based on head-mounted displays are gaining momentum among ... more Immersive virtual reality applications based on head-mounted displays are gaining momentum among students and educational institutes, but there is a lack of information about the preferences of virtual characters and emotional engagement in these applications. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate participants’ preferences on virtual characters in virtual reality; (ii) measure emotional engagement among the users in terms of Feelings of Being; and (iii) identify relationships between virtual characters and emotional engagement. We conducted a mixed-method user experience evaluation on the HHVR virtual reality application that introduces the premises of a Finnish university and has three virtual characters: a human virtual character based on a real person, a fictional human virtual character, and a cat virtual character. We set up an eSports event where presenters (N = 12, mean age: 31.09) experienced HHVR using a head-mounted display and spectators (N = 38, mean age: 25...
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2018
In this paper, we present how the design of mobile learning applications has undergone three diff... more In this paper, we present how the design of mobile learning applications has undergone three different phases since the beginning of this millennium. Users’ expectations and requirements on m-learning applications have continuously evolved and affected the applications through the different phases. Initially (era 1), the evolvement was a result of the advancement of mobile technologies, devices, and network services. However, technology is not the sole source of evolvement: users’ changing expectations and cultural surroundings have an increasing impact on the utilisation of m-learning applications. During the second era focus shifted toward usability (efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction). The emerging third era has focus on experiential factors which impact the sustainable use of a mobile learning application. The case examples in the paper demonstrate the transitions from technological era to usability era - and even further to user experience era with analyses on emotional, experiential, and engaging factors. The resulting three eras outlined in this paper help developers anticipating future demands with development activities focusing on emotions and engagement.
Contemporary technological advancements, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, have exte... more Contemporary technological advancements, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, have extended smartphones’ capabilities further than ever before. These devices are especially popular among students for performing their educational activities. However, students are skeptical or hesitant to try new technologies for various physical and psychological reasons, such as lack of knowledge, wrong attitudes, and misperceptions of the ease of installation and usage. In this study, we investigated students’ mental models and perceptions of mobile virtual reality (MVR) application installation and usage. To achieve the research objective, we designed and developed an MVR case study application and conducted a usability evaluation, a user-experience assessment, and pre- and post-questionnaires. The questionnaires helped us compare the students’ attitude changes from before and after the case study experiment. Based on the results of this study, we elaborate the challenges, opportunities,...
Facial recognition is a method of identifying a human face with the help of computer vision (CV).... more Facial recognition is a method of identifying a human face with the help of computer vision (CV). The popularity of smart gadgets and the advancement of cameras’ capabilities have caused facial recognition to become a hot topic among academia and practitioners. Besides the traditional facial data gathered from surveillance systems, commercial facial recognition systems for measuring emotional states have recently become popular. These systems are often AI-based and use facial recognition algorithms, along with biometrics, to map facial features and motions from an image or through a live stream. The aim of this paper is to study the ability of these systems to detect emotion accurately. Humans have complex personalities that are often present in our facial expressions and do not necessarily reflect specific feelings. Additionally, those with personality disorders, such as narcissistic or histrionic personality disorder, have different facial expressions than the general public. Those expressions are not representative of the emotions that would be detected through the diagnostic systems. Therefore, complementary technologies and solutions are needed to make such measurements more accurate
This paper aims to reveal the outcomes of two distinct mobile application concept design and deve... more This paper aims to reveal the outcomes of two distinct mobile application concept design and development courses at Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences. These courses have applied dissimilar pedagogical approaches that aim to design and develop innovative mobile application for their target users. The main goal of these courses was to teach students to conduct user studies and collect users’ requirements and design application concept accordingly. ICT professionals nowadays are expected to communicate and work in multidisciplinary teams to reach overall business goals. As a result, universities by offering courses such as User Centered Design (UCD) and usability engineering related courses prepare students with better competences on their highly competitive job markets. This study pursuits to identify the best teaching approaches for innovative product concept development at higher educational institutes by comparing the results of the two distinct pedagogical approaches User Centered Design and Customer Journey Mapping
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2021
Constant changes in a business context and software development make it important to understand h... more Constant changes in a business context and software development make it important to understand how software quality assurance (SQA) should respond. Examining SQA from supplier and client perspectives, this study explores how different groups of SQA practitioners perceive future needs. A survey (n = 93) conducted in fall 2017 explored the views of SQA organizations on future trends. The results indicate that SQA organizations differ slightly in their attitudes to quality categories, as do different groups of SQA practitioners. It is argued that these differences should be taken into account when developing and implementing future SQA strategy. It is further argued that the found basic enables SQA management, evaluation of new practices, and allocation of resources to ensure that all quality categories remain balanced in the future.
This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in vari... more This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in various conferences and journals during 2002-2010. This review helps us to identify the user-centred methods and practices for developing mobile learning applications. In addition to the literature review, three ongoing m-learning projects are reviewed for user-centred development activities. This paper argues that despite the user-centered design (UCD) and participatory design (PD) methods support the development of mobile learning applications, the emotional factors are emerging as significant design issues in m-learning and provide important support for m-learning application development in the future.
Rapidly developing a customizable mobile application and the related software as a service (SaaS)... more Rapidly developing a customizable mobile application and the related software as a service (SaaS) is challenging and rarely studied. Traditionally, SaaS solutions are mainly accessed using personal computers, but the mobile SaaS solutions are needed in the tourism sector, for example, where users are mobile. This paper presents a case study where the original need was to design a customizable mobile tourism guide service for use by several small tourism companies, and to assess its functionality in a field study. The result of applying the Vaadin 6 Java web framework and LAMP technologies was a robust mobile application SaaS prototype system that fulfilled the essential design needs in the eight field test cases. This study shows that the field testing of a mobile concept can be completed easier when using Vaadin Java web framework, as it provides support for cross-platform functionality and GUI design, and completes, for example, LAMP-based SaaS solution. However, results point it out that new digital navigation features were needed to develop or improved and mobile web approach causes some usability challenges especially in the compass based navigation and user tracking. This study provides an example of how to develop a SaaS-based mobile service prototyping environment, which is needed while field testing new B2B mobile services with various groups of stakeholders. Our case study analysis reveal that the Vaadin development environment facilitates the rapid prototyping for digital services in an affordable way. The overall contribution of this paper is predominantly for software engineers and web application developers.
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 2018
This paper details the concept development process for an interactive and augmented reality based... more This paper details the concept development process for an interactive and augmented reality based application that compensates for attending Orientation Week at a higher education institution. The application will help freshmen learn about the institution's environment and campus, degree program, and course curriculum before school starts. For efficiency and to elicit high emotional engagement, various pedagogical and technological approaches are used for presenting the content, such as gamification and augmented reality. Awareness of their future learning environment, study path, and course details helps students reduce their fear of failure, and this, in turn, prevents educational withdrawal. In addition to raising awareness, the interactive augmented learning for orientation application saves educational institutions significant time and resources by preparing new students for their educational journey on their personal mobile devices. The contribution of this paper is both for academicians and practitioners regarding the process for developing an innovative concept.
This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in vari... more This paper starts with a literature review of the mobile learning usability contributions in various conferences and journals during 2002-2010. This review helps us to identify the user-centred methods and practices for developing mobile learning applications. In addition to the literature review, three ongoing m-learning projects are reviewed for user-centred development activities. This paper argues that despite the user-centered design (UCD) and participatory design (PD) methods support the development of mobile learning applications, the emotional factors are emerging as significant design issues in m-learning and provide important support for m-learning application development in the future.
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