... KENTSEL ALANDA ET TALEP ANALİZİ: BATI AKDENİZ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ Dr. Ali Rıza AKTAŞ 1 Dr. Selim A... more ... KENTSEL ALANDA ET TALEP ANALİZİ: BATI AKDENİZ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ Dr. Ali Rıza AKTAŞ 1 Dr. Selim Adem HATIRLI 2 ÖZET ... birikimli dağılım fonksiyonu ( )Φ ile standart normal olasılıklı dağılım fonksiyonlarının ( )φ yardımıyla Ters Mills Oranı ( )i λ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. ...
Two significant points are usually overlooked when tourism demand is estimated through gravity mo... more Two significant points are usually overlooked when tourism demand is estimated through gravity models. First, international tourism activity is examined without the aid of economic theory. Consequently, this study uses a utility function to evaluate the tourism demand model. Secondly, gravity model estimations are not done via the appropriate estimation methods. This is because estimations give rise to problem of heteroscedasticity. Therefore, this study utilizes the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method, which accounts for the heteroscedasticity problem. Although our results are similar to the findings in prior literature, it is possible to get different results in terms of tourism demand.
Using Turkish monthly data from 2003 to 2013, the short-term and long-term effects of the real in... more Using Turkish monthly data from 2003 to 2013, the short-term and long-term effects of the real income of foreign countries, and the relative price and uncertainty of the real exchange rate on Turkey’s real agricultural export income were analysed using the Johansen co-integration method and the error correction model. The real exchange rate of uncertainty was obtained using the EGARCH model. The Johansen co-integration test showed a weak cointegration between variables in the long-term. The variable which affects agricultural exports in the long term is exchange rate uncertainty.
Firmaların davranışları iktisat teorisinde tam rekabet, monopol, monopolcü rekabet ve oligopol pi... more Firmaların davranışları iktisat teorisinde tam rekabet, monopol, monopolcü rekabet ve oligopol piyasaları içinde analiz edilmektedirler. Bu dört piyasanın birbirlerinden oldukça farklı yapıları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile piyasa yapısının belirlenmesinde geleneksel ve yeni endüstriyel organizasyon yaklaşımlarına göre pazar gücünün teorik olarak belirlenmesi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, konuya yönelik olarak literatürde yer alan bazı önemli uygulamalı çalışmalara yer verilmiştir.
In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term coefficient tests are research... more In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term coefficient tests are researched with panel data of GDP and tourism receipts for mediterranean countries between 1995-2011. In the study, as research method tests, first generation root tests (Levin-Lin, Breitung, Im-Pesaran and Shin(IPS), Fisher ADF, Fisher PP and Hadri estimators) and second generation unit root tests (CADF-CIPS estimators) have been used. In order to test cointegration, Pedroni, Kao, Johansen-Fisher and Westerlund co-integration tests have been used, to estimate the long-term coefficients PMGE (Pooled Mean Group Estimation) has been used. As a result of the econometric applications, a cointegration relationship between growth and tourism revenue in the long term with the correlation of 0.5 has been found.
The Turkish economy has been facing account deficit problems in recent years and tourism revenues... more The Turkish economy has been facing account deficit problems in recent years and tourism revenues play an important role in financing this deficit. Tourism revenues are affected by exchange rate volatility and the effects of exchange rate volatility on tourism revenues need to be researched. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exchange rate volatility on tourism revenues. These effects were analyzed by using multivariate co-integration model and monthly data from January 2003 to December 2011. Findings suggest that exchange rate volatility has a negative effect on tourism revenues. Additionally, a weak relationship was detected in the long term between exchange rate and tourism revenues.
ABSTRACT This study explores the direction of causality between tourism revenues and economic gro... more ABSTRACT This study explores the direction of causality between tourism revenues and economic growth in the selected Mediterranean countries for the period 1995–2011. For this purpose, as the research methods the panel causality tests under the cross-section dependency analysis have been applied. According to the econometrics analysis, no causality for France, Italy and Turkey cases was found. A bi-directional causality for Greece and a unidirectional causality from tourism revenues to economic growth for the Spain case have been established. We conclude that the result of a bi-directional causality may play the key role for the Greece development under its current economic crisis. The tourist-led growth hypothesis is valid for Spain and promotes its economic growth. On the other hand, the non-causality result is amazing for France, Italy and Turkey, thus deserving further attention and research.
A significant increase of concentration in the fluid milk subsector of Turkey has heightened conc... more A significant increase of concentration in the fluid milk subsector of Turkey has heightened concerns about firms' ability to exercise market power. To assess the extent to which firms have exercised market power, this paper develops an empirical model that captures both market power and cost efficiency components of firms' behavior. These components are derived with a theoretical framework that is known as the 'New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO)' approach. Data used in the empirical model is for the 1980-1998 time periods and the empirical results show an increase in market power that is ameliorated somewhat by declining processing costs for milk processors. Furthermore, these results suggest that the market power effect outweighs the cost efficiency effect.
This study investigated main factors affecting fluid milk purchasing sources of households in Tur... more This study investigated main factors affecting fluid milk purchasing sources of households in Turkey. From the collected household survey data, a multinomial logit model was estimated to analyze households' choices among unpacked, processed and processed-unpacked fluid milk alternatives within the utility maximization framework. The results indicated that number of children, household size, educational level and income were among the important household characteristics that influence fluid milk purchasing behaviors. In particular, processed fluid milk purchases were made by households with high-income levels, higher educated and small households in comparison to unpacked fluid milk purchases. On the other hand, results revealed that response of households to price difference and other usages of fluid milk significantly stimulate households to choose unpacked and processedunpacked alternatives over the processed fluid milk choice. The implications of these results for government agencies and fluid milk processing firms in developing countries are discussed.
Bu çalışmada Isparta ili merkez ilçede ikamet eden hanehalklarının kırmızı et, balık ve tavuk et ... more Bu çalışmada Isparta ili merkez ilçede ikamet eden hanehalklarının kırmızı et, balık ve tavuk et taleplerinin doğrusal formda yaklaşık ideal talep sistemi (LA/AIDS) ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, görüşülen hanehalkı aylık ortalama gelirin 836.64 YTL/ay ve gıda harcamalarının toplam harcamalar içindeki payının ise %33.55 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kişi başına aylık ortalama kırmızı et, balık ve tavuğun tüketim miktarlarının ise sırasıyla 0.597, 1.03 ve 1.142 kg/ay olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Talep sistemi tahmin sonuçlarına göre, kırmızı et ve tavuğun harcama esneklikleri 0.83, balığın ise 1.50 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, tahmin edilen fiyat talep esneklik katsayılarına göre ise balık (-0.51), kırmızı et (-0.20) ve tavuk etinin (-0.12) az esnek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Bananas are the fifth largest agricultural commodity in world trade; they are exceeded only by ce... more Bananas are the fifth largest agricultural commodity in world trade; they are exceeded only by cereals, sugar, coffee and cocoa. Bananas are produced in more than 120 countries, but just 6 of these countries -- India, Brazil, Ecuador, Philippines, China and Indonesia -- account ...
Bu çalışmada, 1980-2006 döneminde dünyada ve Türkiye'de fındık üretimi ve dış ticaretinin gelişim... more Bu çalışmada, 1980-2006 döneminde dünyada ve Türkiye'de fındık üretimi ve dış ticaretinin gelişimini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen dönem boyunca dünyada fındık dikim alanı, üretim miktarı ve ihracatında önemli artışlar olmuştur. 1980 yılında 420 bin hektar olan dünya fındık dikim alanı incelenen dönem boyunca % 32 oranında artış göstererek 2006 yılında 566 bin hektara, 421 bin ton olan dünya fındık üretimi ise yıllık ortalama %3.1 artarak 2006 yılında 960 bin tona ulaşmıştır. Dünya fındık dikim alanı ve üretim miktarındaki artışların tamamına yakını Türkiye'nin fındık dikim alanı (%71) ve buna bağlı olarak üretim miktarındaki (%69) artıştan kaynaklanmıştır.
In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term co-efficient tests are researc... more In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term co-efficient tests are researched with panel data of GDP and tourism receipts for mediterranean countries between 1995-2011. In the study, as research method tests, first generation root tests (Levin-Lin, Breitung, Im-Pesaran and Shin(IPS), Fisher ADF, Fisher PP and Hadri estimators) and second generation unit root tests (CADF-CIPS estimators) have been used. In order to test cointegration, Pedroni, Kao, Johansen-Fisher and Westerlund co-integration tests have been used, to estimate the long-term coefficients PMGE (Pooled Mean Group Estimation) has been used. As a result of the econometric applications, a cointegration relationship between growth and tourism revenue in the long term with the correlation of 0.5 has been found
... KENTSEL ALANDA ET TALEP ANALİZİ: BATI AKDENİZ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ Dr. Ali Rıza AKTAŞ 1 Dr. Selim A... more ... KENTSEL ALANDA ET TALEP ANALİZİ: BATI AKDENİZ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ Dr. Ali Rıza AKTAŞ 1 Dr. Selim Adem HATIRLI 2 ÖZET ... birikimli dağılım fonksiyonu ( )Φ ile standart normal olasılıklı dağılım fonksiyonlarının ( )φ yardımıyla Ters Mills Oranı ( )i λ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. ...
Two significant points are usually overlooked when tourism demand is estimated through gravity mo... more Two significant points are usually overlooked when tourism demand is estimated through gravity models. First, international tourism activity is examined without the aid of economic theory. Consequently, this study uses a utility function to evaluate the tourism demand model. Secondly, gravity model estimations are not done via the appropriate estimation methods. This is because estimations give rise to problem of heteroscedasticity. Therefore, this study utilizes the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method, which accounts for the heteroscedasticity problem. Although our results are similar to the findings in prior literature, it is possible to get different results in terms of tourism demand.
Using Turkish monthly data from 2003 to 2013, the short-term and long-term effects of the real in... more Using Turkish monthly data from 2003 to 2013, the short-term and long-term effects of the real income of foreign countries, and the relative price and uncertainty of the real exchange rate on Turkey’s real agricultural export income were analysed using the Johansen co-integration method and the error correction model. The real exchange rate of uncertainty was obtained using the EGARCH model. The Johansen co-integration test showed a weak cointegration between variables in the long-term. The variable which affects agricultural exports in the long term is exchange rate uncertainty.
Firmaların davranışları iktisat teorisinde tam rekabet, monopol, monopolcü rekabet ve oligopol pi... more Firmaların davranışları iktisat teorisinde tam rekabet, monopol, monopolcü rekabet ve oligopol piyasaları içinde analiz edilmektedirler. Bu dört piyasanın birbirlerinden oldukça farklı yapıları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile piyasa yapısının belirlenmesinde geleneksel ve yeni endüstriyel organizasyon yaklaşımlarına göre pazar gücünün teorik olarak belirlenmesi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, konuya yönelik olarak literatürde yer alan bazı önemli uygulamalı çalışmalara yer verilmiştir.
In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term coefficient tests are research... more In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term coefficient tests are researched with panel data of GDP and tourism receipts for mediterranean countries between 1995-2011. In the study, as research method tests, first generation root tests (Levin-Lin, Breitung, Im-Pesaran and Shin(IPS), Fisher ADF, Fisher PP and Hadri estimators) and second generation unit root tests (CADF-CIPS estimators) have been used. In order to test cointegration, Pedroni, Kao, Johansen-Fisher and Westerlund co-integration tests have been used, to estimate the long-term coefficients PMGE (Pooled Mean Group Estimation) has been used. As a result of the econometric applications, a cointegration relationship between growth and tourism revenue in the long term with the correlation of 0.5 has been found.
The Turkish economy has been facing account deficit problems in recent years and tourism revenues... more The Turkish economy has been facing account deficit problems in recent years and tourism revenues play an important role in financing this deficit. Tourism revenues are affected by exchange rate volatility and the effects of exchange rate volatility on tourism revenues need to be researched. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exchange rate volatility on tourism revenues. These effects were analyzed by using multivariate co-integration model and monthly data from January 2003 to December 2011. Findings suggest that exchange rate volatility has a negative effect on tourism revenues. Additionally, a weak relationship was detected in the long term between exchange rate and tourism revenues.
ABSTRACT This study explores the direction of causality between tourism revenues and economic gro... more ABSTRACT This study explores the direction of causality between tourism revenues and economic growth in the selected Mediterranean countries for the period 1995–2011. For this purpose, as the research methods the panel causality tests under the cross-section dependency analysis have been applied. According to the econometrics analysis, no causality for France, Italy and Turkey cases was found. A bi-directional causality for Greece and a unidirectional causality from tourism revenues to economic growth for the Spain case have been established. We conclude that the result of a bi-directional causality may play the key role for the Greece development under its current economic crisis. The tourist-led growth hypothesis is valid for Spain and promotes its economic growth. On the other hand, the non-causality result is amazing for France, Italy and Turkey, thus deserving further attention and research.
A significant increase of concentration in the fluid milk subsector of Turkey has heightened conc... more A significant increase of concentration in the fluid milk subsector of Turkey has heightened concerns about firms' ability to exercise market power. To assess the extent to which firms have exercised market power, this paper develops an empirical model that captures both market power and cost efficiency components of firms' behavior. These components are derived with a theoretical framework that is known as the 'New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO)' approach. Data used in the empirical model is for the 1980-1998 time periods and the empirical results show an increase in market power that is ameliorated somewhat by declining processing costs for milk processors. Furthermore, these results suggest that the market power effect outweighs the cost efficiency effect.
This study investigated main factors affecting fluid milk purchasing sources of households in Tur... more This study investigated main factors affecting fluid milk purchasing sources of households in Turkey. From the collected household survey data, a multinomial logit model was estimated to analyze households' choices among unpacked, processed and processed-unpacked fluid milk alternatives within the utility maximization framework. The results indicated that number of children, household size, educational level and income were among the important household characteristics that influence fluid milk purchasing behaviors. In particular, processed fluid milk purchases were made by households with high-income levels, higher educated and small households in comparison to unpacked fluid milk purchases. On the other hand, results revealed that response of households to price difference and other usages of fluid milk significantly stimulate households to choose unpacked and processedunpacked alternatives over the processed fluid milk choice. The implications of these results for government agencies and fluid milk processing firms in developing countries are discussed.
Bu çalışmada Isparta ili merkez ilçede ikamet eden hanehalklarının kırmızı et, balık ve tavuk et ... more Bu çalışmada Isparta ili merkez ilçede ikamet eden hanehalklarının kırmızı et, balık ve tavuk et taleplerinin doğrusal formda yaklaşık ideal talep sistemi (LA/AIDS) ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, görüşülen hanehalkı aylık ortalama gelirin 836.64 YTL/ay ve gıda harcamalarının toplam harcamalar içindeki payının ise %33.55 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kişi başına aylık ortalama kırmızı et, balık ve tavuğun tüketim miktarlarının ise sırasıyla 0.597, 1.03 ve 1.142 kg/ay olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Talep sistemi tahmin sonuçlarına göre, kırmızı et ve tavuğun harcama esneklikleri 0.83, balığın ise 1.50 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, tahmin edilen fiyat talep esneklik katsayılarına göre ise balık (-0.51), kırmızı et (-0.20) ve tavuk etinin (-0.12) az esnek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Bananas are the fifth largest agricultural commodity in world trade; they are exceeded only by ce... more Bananas are the fifth largest agricultural commodity in world trade; they are exceeded only by cereals, sugar, coffee and cocoa. Bananas are produced in more than 120 countries, but just 6 of these countries -- India, Brazil, Ecuador, Philippines, China and Indonesia -- account ...
Bu çalışmada, 1980-2006 döneminde dünyada ve Türkiye'de fındık üretimi ve dış ticaretinin gelişim... more Bu çalışmada, 1980-2006 döneminde dünyada ve Türkiye'de fındık üretimi ve dış ticaretinin gelişimini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelenen dönem boyunca dünyada fındık dikim alanı, üretim miktarı ve ihracatında önemli artışlar olmuştur. 1980 yılında 420 bin hektar olan dünya fındık dikim alanı incelenen dönem boyunca % 32 oranında artış göstererek 2006 yılında 566 bin hektara, 421 bin ton olan dünya fındık üretimi ise yıllık ortalama %3.1 artarak 2006 yılında 960 bin tona ulaşmıştır. Dünya fındık dikim alanı ve üretim miktarındaki artışların tamamına yakını Türkiye'nin fındık dikim alanı (%71) ve buna bağlı olarak üretim miktarındaki (%69) artıştan kaynaklanmıştır.
In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term co-efficient tests are researc... more In this study, unit root tests, co-integration tests and long term co-efficient tests are researched with panel data of GDP and tourism receipts for mediterranean countries between 1995-2011. In the study, as research method tests, first generation root tests (Levin-Lin, Breitung, Im-Pesaran and Shin(IPS), Fisher ADF, Fisher PP and Hadri estimators) and second generation unit root tests (CADF-CIPS estimators) have been used. In order to test cointegration, Pedroni, Kao, Johansen-Fisher and Westerlund co-integration tests have been used, to estimate the long-term coefficients PMGE (Pooled Mean Group Estimation) has been used. As a result of the econometric applications, a cointegration relationship between growth and tourism revenue in the long term with the correlation of 0.5 has been found
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