This article summarizes the development and psychometric properties of the first selfadministered... more This article summarizes the development and psychometric properties of the first selfadministered, paper-and-pencil instrument that measures maternal quality of life during the early postpartum period. The definition, domains, and conceptual model by Ferrans and Powers (QLI) were used to develop the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) tool. A convenience sample of 184 mothers completed the MAPP-QOL at week 1 and 3 postpartum. Component analysis revealed five domains: psychological/baby; socioeconomic; relational/spouse-partner; relational/family-friends; and health & functioning. Internal consistency reliability for the five subscales resulted in Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .96. Stability reliability ranged from .66 to .76. The MAPP-QOL and a single-item measure of life satisfaction correlated (r = .69), suggesting convergent validity; discriminant validity was supported by negative correlations with the three negative mood states of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) as well as poor sleep and fatigue scores. Acceptable reliability and construct validity suggest that the MAPP-QOL may be used in research. Further testing with larger and more diverse samples is recommended.
Objective: There have been contradictory findings on the relationship between Socioeconomic Statu... more Objective: There have been contradictory findings on the relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and child development although SES is associated with child development outcomes. The present study intended to define the relationship between SES and child development in Tehran kindergartens, Iran. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional survey studied 1036 children aged 36-60 month, in different kindergartens in Tehran City, Iran, in 2014-2015. The principal factor analysis (PFA) model was employed to construct SES indices. The constructed SES variable was employed as an independent variable in logistic regression model to evaluate its role in developmental delay as a dependent variable. Results: The relationship between SES and developmental delay was significant at P=0.003. SES proved to have a significant (P<0.05) impact on developmental delay, both as an independent variable and after controlling risk factors. Conclusion: There should be more emphasis on developmental monitoring and appropriate intervention programs for children to give them higher chance of having a more productive life.
Objectives: The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-... more Objectives: The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-48 months old children with developmental delay in comparison with mothers of normal children. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 616 mothers and their children, aged 36 - 48 months, from Apr 2015 to Feb 2016, in some kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The children were divided according to the developmental status into two groups of normal development and developmental delay. The following instruments were used: A demographic and children specification questionnaire, marital satisfaction scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of children with developmental delay and normal development was 41.94±4.48 and 42.17±5.02 months, respectively. The prevalence of developmental delay in children aged 36-48 months was 17.4% and in normal development children was 82.6%. Developmental delay in boys was 23%. The highest incidence of developmental delays was in fine motor skills. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between mothers' depression and marital satisfaction with and without developmental delays in their children (P=0.0001). In addition, the correlation was observed between the mother's depression and marital satisfaction (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Mothers of children with developmental delay suffer more from depression and have less marital satisfaction compared to mothers of healthy children. Interventional studies to reduce depression and increase marital satisfaction and its impact on development status should be conducted.
International journal of medical toxicology and forensic medicine, 2022
Background: Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman's life. This ... more Background: Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman's life. This event can be a traumatic event and a threat to the mother's mental health. This study recognizes the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childbirth and social support and marital satisfaction. Methods: This Cross-sectional analytical study was performed on a sample of 400 mothers who had delivered at Shohadaye-15-Khordad Hospital in Varamin (in two groups with & without PTSD). The research instruments include the Demographic, Midwifery, Neonatal Factors checklist, Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Weinfeld and Tigman Social Support, and the PTSD Symptoms Scale. We used SPSS to analyze the descriptive and Pearson correlation and logistic regression data. A P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of PTDS in this study was equal to 16.8%. There was no significant correlation between the mean of the total score of PTSD in all dimensions with social support (P>0.05). Marital satisfaction significantly affected the probability of PTSD after childbirth (P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between PTSD total score and dimension of avoidance symptoms and infant gender (P=0.038). There was also a significant correlation between gestational age and avoidance symptoms (P=0.001) and type of nutrition feeding and motivational symptoms (P=0.041) of PTSD dimensions. Conclusion: According to the relationship between marital satisfaction and PTSD, it is recommended to design suitable interventions to improve the marital status and promptly diagnose the susceptible mothers to prevent the spread of this complication.
Background and Objective: Many studies have been conducted in Iran on the postpartum quality of l... more Background and Objective: Many studies have been conducted in Iran on the postpartum quality of life, and the majority have used the general quality of life questionnaire. With a speci c tool in this context, the dimensions of maternal postpartum quality of life can be more accurately determined. The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties and validate the Persian version of the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire (MAPP-QOL). Materials and Methods: The present methodological study was conducted in 2018. The original version of MAPP-QOL was translated into Persian by both forward and backward translation. In a cross-sectional study, the Persian version was completed by 407 eligible postpartum women aged 18 to 47 and living in Tehran. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coe cient and test-retest. For construct validity, exploratory and con rmatory factor analyses were used.
Background: Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negativ... more Background: Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negative effects. The COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and staying at home can lead to violent and domestic violence against women. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to investigate the coping strategies and resilience of women victims of domestic violence in the COVID-19 epidemic in Tehran, 2020. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study on 420 women who suffered domestic violence in Tehran, 2020. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, socioeconomic status questionnaire, WHO standardized domestic violence questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Endler and Parker's coping strategies questionnaire. This study was based on the Internet and online. The research poster, the characteristics of the participants, the voluntary participation in the study, the confidentiality of the information, and the link to the online questionnaire were made public through Internet networks. Results: There was no correlation between resilience with general violence (p =.221), types of physical violence (p =.502), psychological violence (p =.178), and sexual violence (p =.386). The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the women who were using or not using a problem-oriented style with physical violence, using or not using an emotion-oriented style with physical, psychological, sexual violence, and using or not using an avoidance style with physical violence among the samples (p < .05). Conclusion: The use of coping strategies leads to a reduction in domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, designing and implementing training programs to improve coping styles in women can be effective in dealing with such stressful situations and help prevent injuries caused by violence. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract... more Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between low birth weight (LBW) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This systematic review was conducted through medical database, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane for peer-reviewed, cross sectional, cohort studies assessing the correlation between child ADHD with Low birth weight (LBW) from 2005 to 2019 without language restriction. Keywords were selected based on the Mesh terms. Results: From all 126 articles which were totally found, only 19 studies with 15 to 22 scores from STROBE checklist remained in the study for final assessment. Five studies assessed the relationship between VLBW and ADHD, one study the relationship between ELBW and ADHD, and another one between VLBW/ ELBW and ADHD. Significant correlations had been reported between LBW and ADHD in 7 studies, between VLBW and ADHD in 5 studies, and between ELBW and ADHD in 1 study. Nevertheless, some researchers had reported no significant correlation between LBW and ADHD in 5 studies and between VLBW and ADHD in 1 study. Conclusion: Birth weight seems to have a decisive role in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Specific prevention and management interventions are required to reduce the incidence of ADHD.
Background: It is necessary to study the predictors of life quality in the early postpartum perio... more Background: It is necessary to study the predictors of life quality in the early postpartum period. Early diagnosis, timely care and intervention can improve the health of mother and baby. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of the quality of life in the postpartum period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 eligible women aged 18 to 47 yr, in the postpartum period, selected from clinics affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic and obstetric questionnaire and Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.96 to assess personal details and postpartum quality of life. Data analyzed using SPSS. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between maternal predictors and quality of life in the postpartum period. Results: The postpartum quality of life had a significant relationship with income status (P<0...
Il 2011 sar\ue0 ricordato come un momento fondamentale nella storia del mondo arabo e del Medio O... more Il 2011 sar\ue0 ricordato come un momento fondamentale nella storia del mondo arabo e del Medio Oriente e Nord Africa in generale. Il dibattito pubblico e scientifico circa il significato proprio degli avvenimenti sembra consolidarsi attorno a tre posizioni: chi sostiene il carat- tere \u201crivoluzionario\u201d delle mobilitazioni in Tunisia, Egitto, Libia, Yemen, Bahrein e Siria; chi invece preferisce parlare di \u201crivolte\u201d, come momento importante ma relativo di un pi\uf9 ampio processo di trasformazione in atto in tutta la regione; infine, chi esprime il proprio scetticismo e sostiene la continuit\ue0 de facto delle istituzioni e delle politiche di governo delle societ\ue0 arabe. Questo saggio fa propria la seconda interpretazione, ossia legge le rivolte del 2011 come momento di un pi\uf9 ampio processo di trasformazione del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa (Middle East and North Africa, MENA), che inizia piuttosto che concludersi con la deposizione del presidente autoritario di turno. Inoltre, l\u2019autore legge le rivolte del 2011 nel contesto della crisi economica globale e della ridefinizione dei rapporti di potere in ambito internazionale. Il punto di vista pre- scelto \ue8 quello della political-economy, ossia dell\u2019interazione costante tra politica ed economia nei processi di sviluppo delle societ\ue0
The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic s... more The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age using the path analysis model. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 608 women referred to clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021 using multistage sampling. Data were collected using a personal-demographic questionnaire, the SES scale developed by Garmaroudi et al. in Iran, the Perceived Social Support scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS and LISREL-1.96 software at a significance level of p < .05. Most surveyed women were aged 21-30 years (50.2%) and were housewives (68%). According to the results of the path analysis test, among the variables that were causally related to marital satisfaction in only one path, depression had the highest negative correlation with marital satisfaction in the direct path (B = -0.23), SES the highest positive correlation in the indirect path (B = 2.336), and social support the highest positive correlation both in the direct and indirect paths (B = 0.365). The results showed that more favorable social support and SES are associated with higher marital satisfaction while a higher level of depression is associated with a lower marital satisfaction. Therefore, these factors play important roles in marriage sustainability and marital satisfaction.
Introduction : Spouse abuse is defined as physical, sexual, and psychological-emotional violence ... more Introduction : Spouse abuse is defined as physical, sexual, and psychological-emotional violence committed by a spouse against his wife that is a widely variable phenomenon. The present study was conducted to compare coping strategies for stress in Iranian female victims of spouse abuse of different types in the city of Ilam. Methods : The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 150 females with an experience of spouse abuse during the one-year leading up to the study, selected through convenience sampling. The study tools included the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument and the Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-22 software. Results : All of the participants had experienced at least one type of psychological violence (100%). Some of them had also experienced physical (94%) and sexual (67.3%) violence in the past year. Emotion-focused strategies were the dominant style used by most...
Background Developmental disorders are important in children, but there is not enough information... more Background Developmental disorders are important in children, but there is not enough information regarding risk factors, and their effects on developmental disorders. We aimed to design a relational model and assess the relationship of mothers’ spiritual, social, and mental health and self-efficacy with child development. Materials and Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study enrolled 285 mothers with 18-month-old children through multistage sampling in health centers in Tehran, Iran. Mothers completed the following questionnaires in four months to collect the data: a demographic questionnaire, Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Health Scale, Keyes’ Social Health Scale, Goldberg’s mental health scale, Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ).The data and theoretical Path Model were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.0 and LISREL software version 8.8. Results: Developmental delay was observed in 21.8% (n=62) of children. Mate...
Background:The postpartum quality of life refers to women's understanding of their standing i... more Background:The postpartum quality of life refers to women's understanding of their standing in the postpartum crisis that differs depending on their health status, social support, cultural status and values, attitudes, goals and standards. The present systematic review will identify, describe, and critically assess the psychometric properties of postpartum quality of life questionnaires.Methods/Design:A systematic review will be conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from January 2000 to January 2020. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the instruments used in the primary studies will be assessed, and the selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction processes of the studies will be independently assessed by two reviewers with expertise in conducting systematic reviews, so as to minimize potential personal bias. Eligible resources are selected after any lack of consensus is put to deb...
Introduction: The development of the brain during fetal period affects the functioning of the ner... more Introduction: The development of the brain during fetal period affects the functioning of the nervous system whole of the life. Numerous maternal disorders during pregnancy can affect fetal neural development, one of which is gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes can have a long-term negative impact on the fetal neural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gestational diabetes on motor development of 12-month-old children referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: In this prospective cohort study, 439 pregnant mothers referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences who met the inclusion criteria were sampled at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Then these women were followed up until child birth and after birth until 12 months afterwards. The process of motor development of their children at the age of 12 months was studied using the Age and Stage Questionnaire. Result: The results of this study showed that among the wo...
Objectives In the process of child development, a variety of factors are at play. In this regard,... more Objectives In the process of child development, a variety of factors are at play. In this regard, social determinants of health play a determining role in the development and growth of the child. This study aimed to design and test the model for social determinants of health for the development of 36-6o-month-old children in Tehran with the mediation of maternal involvement. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1067 mothers and their 36-60-month-old children in childcare centers in Tehran, using multistage sampling. Data gathering tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire for mothers and children, a questionnaire on unhealthy behaviors, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Economic and Social Status Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, ENRICH: Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Participation Scale for Parents and Mothers. Results Model fit measures we...
Introduction: Development in children is a qualitative change in their abilities. When children c... more Introduction: Development in children is a qualitative change in their abilities. When children cannot acquire developmental skills according to age, it shows delayed development. Low and high maternal age during pregnancy is a kind of risk factor for developmental disorders in children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive comparative study that was performed on 400 women who had less than 19 and over 35 years old during pregnancy and now have 4-24-months infants that referred to health centers Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data collection instruments were: A demographic, obstetric and the “Ages and Stages Questionnaires” for 4-24 months children. Data analysis was done by using the software SPSS 16, and independent t-test, chi-square and logistic-regression tests were used. Results: The prevalence of developmental delay in infants 4-24-months of mothers fewer than 19 and older than 35 years was ...
Objectives The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-4... more Objectives The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-48 months old children with developmental delay in comparison with mothers of normal children. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 616 mothers and their children, aged 36 - 48 months, from Apr 2015 to Feb 2016, in some kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The children were divided according to the developmental status into two groups of normal development and developmental delay. The following instruments were used: A demographic and children specification questionnaire, marital satisfaction scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed at significance level of 0.05. Results The mean age of children with developmental delay and normal development was 41.94±4.48 and 42.17±5...
Introduction: Legal abortion is performed to prevent maternal and fetal disorders. Midwives' ... more Introduction: Legal abortion is performed to prevent maternal and fetal disorders. Midwives' awareness and attitude toward abortion laws have undeniable effects on the decisions made by women with high-risk pregnancies. By recent study, The present study evaluated the awareness and attitudes of midwives working in private offices in Tehran Province, Iran, toward abortion laws and related factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done in 2016. A total of 236 midwives were selected from Tehran Province took simple random sampling. The data were collected took using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire by items related to demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitude. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests (mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, frequency, and relative frequency) and linear regression analysis. Results: The midwives' mean scores of awareness and attitude were 57.7 ± 7.44 (95% CI: 56.61-58.54) and 99.08 ±...
Background The initial years of life particularly the first two years are regarded as the most im... more Background The initial years of life particularly the first two years are regarded as the most important brain development period. The development of children is an important determinant of health throughout the whole of life. We aimed to evaluate an educational program to improve the fine motor skills of 18-month-old children. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in the city of Saqqez, Iran in 2015-2016. Seventy 18-month-old infants were randomly assigned to control (n=35), and intervention (n=35) groups. The training of fine motor skills was given to the mothers of the children of intervention group, including: painting, building a tower, stringing, tearing and crushing a piece of paper, targeting and dropping. Fine motor skills were measured before intervention and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention using ASQ-II screening tool (Age and Stage Questionnaire, Second Edition). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Results: In the interv...
Background: Many factors can effect on children's abilities and development. This study was c... more Background: Many factors can effect on children's abilities and development. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some risk factors as maternal health on child development using path analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 608 mothers and their children, multistage sampling method, in the city of Yasouj, Iran. The data collection instrument was questionnaire-based. The researcher-made questionnaire included a demographic characteristics information form for mothers and a child profile form. Other questionnaires included Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Socioeconomic Inventory, Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14), Perceived Stress Scale (14 items), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-II), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Mothers completed the questionnaires in 4 days and after that handed them over to the researcher in the k...
This article summarizes the development and psychometric properties of the first selfadministered... more This article summarizes the development and psychometric properties of the first selfadministered, paper-and-pencil instrument that measures maternal quality of life during the early postpartum period. The definition, domains, and conceptual model by Ferrans and Powers (QLI) were used to develop the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) tool. A convenience sample of 184 mothers completed the MAPP-QOL at week 1 and 3 postpartum. Component analysis revealed five domains: psychological/baby; socioeconomic; relational/spouse-partner; relational/family-friends; and health & functioning. Internal consistency reliability for the five subscales resulted in Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .96. Stability reliability ranged from .66 to .76. The MAPP-QOL and a single-item measure of life satisfaction correlated (r = .69), suggesting convergent validity; discriminant validity was supported by negative correlations with the three negative mood states of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) as well as poor sleep and fatigue scores. Acceptable reliability and construct validity suggest that the MAPP-QOL may be used in research. Further testing with larger and more diverse samples is recommended.
Objective: There have been contradictory findings on the relationship between Socioeconomic Statu... more Objective: There have been contradictory findings on the relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and child development although SES is associated with child development outcomes. The present study intended to define the relationship between SES and child development in Tehran kindergartens, Iran. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional survey studied 1036 children aged 36-60 month, in different kindergartens in Tehran City, Iran, in 2014-2015. The principal factor analysis (PFA) model was employed to construct SES indices. The constructed SES variable was employed as an independent variable in logistic regression model to evaluate its role in developmental delay as a dependent variable. Results: The relationship between SES and developmental delay was significant at P=0.003. SES proved to have a significant (P<0.05) impact on developmental delay, both as an independent variable and after controlling risk factors. Conclusion: There should be more emphasis on developmental monitoring and appropriate intervention programs for children to give them higher chance of having a more productive life.
Objectives: The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-... more Objectives: The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-48 months old children with developmental delay in comparison with mothers of normal children. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 616 mothers and their children, aged 36 - 48 months, from Apr 2015 to Feb 2016, in some kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The children were divided according to the developmental status into two groups of normal development and developmental delay. The following instruments were used: A demographic and children specification questionnaire, marital satisfaction scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of children with developmental delay and normal development was 41.94±4.48 and 42.17±5.02 months, respectively. The prevalence of developmental delay in children aged 36-48 months was 17.4% and in normal development children was 82.6%. Developmental delay in boys was 23%. The highest incidence of developmental delays was in fine motor skills. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between mothers' depression and marital satisfaction with and without developmental delays in their children (P=0.0001). In addition, the correlation was observed between the mother's depression and marital satisfaction (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Mothers of children with developmental delay suffer more from depression and have less marital satisfaction compared to mothers of healthy children. Interventional studies to reduce depression and increase marital satisfaction and its impact on development status should be conducted.
International journal of medical toxicology and forensic medicine, 2022
Background: Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman's life. This ... more Background: Childbirth is among the most significant and pleasant events in a woman's life. This event can be a traumatic event and a threat to the mother's mental health. This study recognizes the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childbirth and social support and marital satisfaction. Methods: This Cross-sectional analytical study was performed on a sample of 400 mothers who had delivered at Shohadaye-15-Khordad Hospital in Varamin (in two groups with & without PTSD). The research instruments include the Demographic, Midwifery, Neonatal Factors checklist, Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Weinfeld and Tigman Social Support, and the PTSD Symptoms Scale. We used SPSS to analyze the descriptive and Pearson correlation and logistic regression data. A P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of PTDS in this study was equal to 16.8%. There was no significant correlation between the mean of the total score of PTSD in all dimensions with social support (P>0.05). Marital satisfaction significantly affected the probability of PTSD after childbirth (P=0.001). There was a significant correlation between PTSD total score and dimension of avoidance symptoms and infant gender (P=0.038). There was also a significant correlation between gestational age and avoidance symptoms (P=0.001) and type of nutrition feeding and motivational symptoms (P=0.041) of PTSD dimensions. Conclusion: According to the relationship between marital satisfaction and PTSD, it is recommended to design suitable interventions to improve the marital status and promptly diagnose the susceptible mothers to prevent the spread of this complication.
Background and Objective: Many studies have been conducted in Iran on the postpartum quality of l... more Background and Objective: Many studies have been conducted in Iran on the postpartum quality of life, and the majority have used the general quality of life questionnaire. With a speci c tool in this context, the dimensions of maternal postpartum quality of life can be more accurately determined. The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties and validate the Persian version of the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire (MAPP-QOL). Materials and Methods: The present methodological study was conducted in 2018. The original version of MAPP-QOL was translated into Persian by both forward and backward translation. In a cross-sectional study, the Persian version was completed by 407 eligible postpartum women aged 18 to 47 and living in Tehran. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coe cient and test-retest. For construct validity, exploratory and con rmatory factor analyses were used.
Background: Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negativ... more Background: Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negative effects. The COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and staying at home can lead to violent and domestic violence against women. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to investigate the coping strategies and resilience of women victims of domestic violence in the COVID-19 epidemic in Tehran, 2020. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study on 420 women who suffered domestic violence in Tehran, 2020. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, socioeconomic status questionnaire, WHO standardized domestic violence questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Endler and Parker's coping strategies questionnaire. This study was based on the Internet and online. The research poster, the characteristics of the participants, the voluntary participation in the study, the confidentiality of the information, and the link to the online questionnaire were made public through Internet networks. Results: There was no correlation between resilience with general violence (p =.221), types of physical violence (p =.502), psychological violence (p =.178), and sexual violence (p =.386). The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the women who were using or not using a problem-oriented style with physical violence, using or not using an emotion-oriented style with physical, psychological, sexual violence, and using or not using an avoidance style with physical violence among the samples (p < .05). Conclusion: The use of coping strategies leads to a reduction in domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, designing and implementing training programs to improve coping styles in women can be effective in dealing with such stressful situations and help prevent injuries caused by violence. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract... more Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between low birth weight (LBW) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This systematic review was conducted through medical database, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane for peer-reviewed, cross sectional, cohort studies assessing the correlation between child ADHD with Low birth weight (LBW) from 2005 to 2019 without language restriction. Keywords were selected based on the Mesh terms. Results: From all 126 articles which were totally found, only 19 studies with 15 to 22 scores from STROBE checklist remained in the study for final assessment. Five studies assessed the relationship between VLBW and ADHD, one study the relationship between ELBW and ADHD, and another one between VLBW/ ELBW and ADHD. Significant correlations had been reported between LBW and ADHD in 7 studies, between VLBW and ADHD in 5 studies, and between ELBW and ADHD in 1 study. Nevertheless, some researchers had reported no significant correlation between LBW and ADHD in 5 studies and between VLBW and ADHD in 1 study. Conclusion: Birth weight seems to have a decisive role in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Specific prevention and management interventions are required to reduce the incidence of ADHD.
Background: It is necessary to study the predictors of life quality in the early postpartum perio... more Background: It is necessary to study the predictors of life quality in the early postpartum period. Early diagnosis, timely care and intervention can improve the health of mother and baby. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of the quality of life in the postpartum period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 eligible women aged 18 to 47 yr, in the postpartum period, selected from clinics affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic and obstetric questionnaire and Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.96 to assess personal details and postpartum quality of life. Data analyzed using SPSS. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between maternal predictors and quality of life in the postpartum period. Results: The postpartum quality of life had a significant relationship with income status (P<0...
Il 2011 sar\ue0 ricordato come un momento fondamentale nella storia del mondo arabo e del Medio O... more Il 2011 sar\ue0 ricordato come un momento fondamentale nella storia del mondo arabo e del Medio Oriente e Nord Africa in generale. Il dibattito pubblico e scientifico circa il significato proprio degli avvenimenti sembra consolidarsi attorno a tre posizioni: chi sostiene il carat- tere \u201crivoluzionario\u201d delle mobilitazioni in Tunisia, Egitto, Libia, Yemen, Bahrein e Siria; chi invece preferisce parlare di \u201crivolte\u201d, come momento importante ma relativo di un pi\uf9 ampio processo di trasformazione in atto in tutta la regione; infine, chi esprime il proprio scetticismo e sostiene la continuit\ue0 de facto delle istituzioni e delle politiche di governo delle societ\ue0 arabe. Questo saggio fa propria la seconda interpretazione, ossia legge le rivolte del 2011 come momento di un pi\uf9 ampio processo di trasformazione del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa (Middle East and North Africa, MENA), che inizia piuttosto che concludersi con la deposizione del presidente autoritario di turno. Inoltre, l\u2019autore legge le rivolte del 2011 nel contesto della crisi economica globale e della ridefinizione dei rapporti di potere in ambito internazionale. Il punto di vista pre- scelto \ue8 quello della political-economy, ossia dell\u2019interazione costante tra politica ed economia nei processi di sviluppo delle societ\ue0
The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic s... more The present study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age using the path analysis model. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 608 women referred to clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021 using multistage sampling. Data were collected using a personal-demographic questionnaire, the SES scale developed by Garmaroudi et al. in Iran, the Perceived Social Support scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS and LISREL-1.96 software at a significance level of p < .05. Most surveyed women were aged 21-30 years (50.2%) and were housewives (68%). According to the results of the path analysis test, among the variables that were causally related to marital satisfaction in only one path, depression had the highest negative correlation with marital satisfaction in the direct path (B = -0.23), SES the highest positive correlation in the indirect path (B = 2.336), and social support the highest positive correlation both in the direct and indirect paths (B = 0.365). The results showed that more favorable social support and SES are associated with higher marital satisfaction while a higher level of depression is associated with a lower marital satisfaction. Therefore, these factors play important roles in marriage sustainability and marital satisfaction.
Introduction : Spouse abuse is defined as physical, sexual, and psychological-emotional violence ... more Introduction : Spouse abuse is defined as physical, sexual, and psychological-emotional violence committed by a spouse against his wife that is a widely variable phenomenon. The present study was conducted to compare coping strategies for stress in Iranian female victims of spouse abuse of different types in the city of Ilam. Methods : The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 150 females with an experience of spouse abuse during the one-year leading up to the study, selected through convenience sampling. The study tools included the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument and the Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-22 software. Results : All of the participants had experienced at least one type of psychological violence (100%). Some of them had also experienced physical (94%) and sexual (67.3%) violence in the past year. Emotion-focused strategies were the dominant style used by most...
Background Developmental disorders are important in children, but there is not enough information... more Background Developmental disorders are important in children, but there is not enough information regarding risk factors, and their effects on developmental disorders. We aimed to design a relational model and assess the relationship of mothers’ spiritual, social, and mental health and self-efficacy with child development. Materials and Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study enrolled 285 mothers with 18-month-old children through multistage sampling in health centers in Tehran, Iran. Mothers completed the following questionnaires in four months to collect the data: a demographic questionnaire, Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Health Scale, Keyes’ Social Health Scale, Goldberg’s mental health scale, Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ).The data and theoretical Path Model were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.0 and LISREL software version 8.8. Results: Developmental delay was observed in 21.8% (n=62) of children. Mate...
Background:The postpartum quality of life refers to women's understanding of their standing i... more Background:The postpartum quality of life refers to women's understanding of their standing in the postpartum crisis that differs depending on their health status, social support, cultural status and values, attitudes, goals and standards. The present systematic review will identify, describe, and critically assess the psychometric properties of postpartum quality of life questionnaires.Methods/Design:A systematic review will be conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from January 2000 to January 2020. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the instruments used in the primary studies will be assessed, and the selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction processes of the studies will be independently assessed by two reviewers with expertise in conducting systematic reviews, so as to minimize potential personal bias. Eligible resources are selected after any lack of consensus is put to deb...
Introduction: The development of the brain during fetal period affects the functioning of the ner... more Introduction: The development of the brain during fetal period affects the functioning of the nervous system whole of the life. Numerous maternal disorders during pregnancy can affect fetal neural development, one of which is gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes can have a long-term negative impact on the fetal neural development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gestational diabetes on motor development of 12-month-old children referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: In this prospective cohort study, 439 pregnant mothers referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences who met the inclusion criteria were sampled at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Then these women were followed up until child birth and after birth until 12 months afterwards. The process of motor development of their children at the age of 12 months was studied using the Age and Stage Questionnaire. Result: The results of this study showed that among the wo...
Objectives In the process of child development, a variety of factors are at play. In this regard,... more Objectives In the process of child development, a variety of factors are at play. In this regard, social determinants of health play a determining role in the development and growth of the child. This study aimed to design and test the model for social determinants of health for the development of 36-6o-month-old children in Tehran with the mediation of maternal involvement. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1067 mothers and their 36-60-month-old children in childcare centers in Tehran, using multistage sampling. Data gathering tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire for mothers and children, a questionnaire on unhealthy behaviors, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Economic and Social Status Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, ENRICH: Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Participation Scale for Parents and Mothers. Results Model fit measures we...
Introduction: Development in children is a qualitative change in their abilities. When children c... more Introduction: Development in children is a qualitative change in their abilities. When children cannot acquire developmental skills according to age, it shows delayed development. Low and high maternal age during pregnancy is a kind of risk factor for developmental disorders in children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive comparative study that was performed on 400 women who had less than 19 and over 35 years old during pregnancy and now have 4-24-months infants that referred to health centers Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data collection instruments were: A demographic, obstetric and the “Ages and Stages Questionnaires” for 4-24 months children. Data analysis was done by using the software SPSS 16, and independent t-test, chi-square and logistic-regression tests were used. Results: The prevalence of developmental delay in infants 4-24-months of mothers fewer than 19 and older than 35 years was ...
Objectives The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-4... more Objectives The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-48 months old children with developmental delay in comparison with mothers of normal children. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 616 mothers and their children, aged 36 - 48 months, from Apr 2015 to Feb 2016, in some kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The children were divided according to the developmental status into two groups of normal development and developmental delay. The following instruments were used: A demographic and children specification questionnaire, marital satisfaction scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed at significance level of 0.05. Results The mean age of children with developmental delay and normal development was 41.94±4.48 and 42.17±5...
Introduction: Legal abortion is performed to prevent maternal and fetal disorders. Midwives' ... more Introduction: Legal abortion is performed to prevent maternal and fetal disorders. Midwives' awareness and attitude toward abortion laws have undeniable effects on the decisions made by women with high-risk pregnancies. By recent study, The present study evaluated the awareness and attitudes of midwives working in private offices in Tehran Province, Iran, toward abortion laws and related factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done in 2016. A total of 236 midwives were selected from Tehran Province took simple random sampling. The data were collected took using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire by items related to demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitude. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests (mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, frequency, and relative frequency) and linear regression analysis. Results: The midwives' mean scores of awareness and attitude were 57.7 ± 7.44 (95% CI: 56.61-58.54) and 99.08 ±...
Background The initial years of life particularly the first two years are regarded as the most im... more Background The initial years of life particularly the first two years are regarded as the most important brain development period. The development of children is an important determinant of health throughout the whole of life. We aimed to evaluate an educational program to improve the fine motor skills of 18-month-old children. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in the city of Saqqez, Iran in 2015-2016. Seventy 18-month-old infants were randomly assigned to control (n=35), and intervention (n=35) groups. The training of fine motor skills was given to the mothers of the children of intervention group, including: painting, building a tower, stringing, tearing and crushing a piece of paper, targeting and dropping. Fine motor skills were measured before intervention and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention using ASQ-II screening tool (Age and Stage Questionnaire, Second Edition). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Results: In the interv...
Background: Many factors can effect on children's abilities and development. This study was c... more Background: Many factors can effect on children's abilities and development. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some risk factors as maternal health on child development using path analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 608 mothers and their children, multistage sampling method, in the city of Yasouj, Iran. The data collection instrument was questionnaire-based. The researcher-made questionnaire included a demographic characteristics information form for mothers and a child profile form. Other questionnaires included Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Socioeconomic Inventory, Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14), Perceived Stress Scale (14 items), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-II), and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Mothers completed the questionnaires in 4 days and after that handed them over to the researcher in the k...
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