Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-bet... more Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.
Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-bet... more Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.
Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performanc... more Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performance and improve health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors after 4 weeks of resistance training in athletes. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind study, 20 male athletes were selected through simple random sampling, were assigned to supplement and control groups, and participated in resistance training 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The supplement group consumed 3 g HMB supplement per day and the control group consumed the placebo (rice flour) in this period. Before and after the test period, blood pressure was measured and fasting blood samples were obtained to determine blood lipids and hematological parameters. After all, paired and unpaired t-test were used to examine within and between group differences, respectively. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After the training period, no significant differences were found between HMB and placebo groups regarding blood lipids, blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HMB supplementation was safe and did not result in any adverse effects. Thus, HMB can be used safely by human as an ergogenic aid for exercise training.
Introduction: Recently, acute training and exercises have been recommended as a non-pharmacologic... more Introduction: Recently, acute training and exercises have been recommended as a non-pharmacological and less expensive treatment of hypertension. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rest interval (RI) between circuit resistance exercises (CRE) on post-exercise blood pressure reduction. Methods: Eleven normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3 yrs, height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises randomly. In the exercise sessions, subjects performed 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minutes rest between circuits. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before exercise and at intervals of 10 min for 60 min after exercise. Result: In comparison of rest values, reduction of SBP observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas reduction of DBP ...
La presion arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) durante el periodo de recuperacion pueden estar... more La presion arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) durante el periodo de recuperacion pueden estar influenciadas por el tamano de la masa muscular activa, y es posible que esta variable tambien tenga algunos efectos diferentes sobre el doble producto en el postejercicio (RPP). El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar y comparar la presion arterial sistolica (PAS) y la presion arterial diastolica (PAD), la FC y el RPP durante la recuperacion de ejercicio de resistencia con distintas regiones del cuerpo. Doce jovenes normotensos realizaron al azar 3 ensayos de ejercicio de resistencia con los miembros superiores (MS), los miembros inferiores (MI) y todo el cuerpo (TC), y una sesion de control (CON). Todos los tipos de ejercicio incluyeron 3 series de 10 repeticiones con un 65% de 1RM con 2 min de intervalo de descanso entre series y ejercicios. La PAS, la PAD, la FC, y el RPP se midieron antes y cada 15 min despues del ejercicio, hasta 60 min. El lactato sanguineo (lacS) tambien se midio antes y en el primer minuto despues del ejercicio. Los analisis de varianza (ANOVA) y de Bonferroni post hoc se utilizaron para analizar los datos a p ≤ 0,05. La PAS disminuyo durante los 60 min postejercicio de MS, MI y TC de manera similar, mientras que despues del ejercicio la PAD no mostraba ningun cambio. Se observaron aumentos significativos en RPP durante 15 min despues del elercicio de MI y 30 min despues del de MS y de TC. La concentracion lacS aumento significativamente despues del ejercicio de resistencia de MS, de MI y de TC en comparacion con los valores de descanso, asi como sesiones CON. Los diferentes ejercicios de resistencia de MS, MI y TC provocan una hipotension post ejericio de similar magnitud y duracion y casi producen las mismas respuestas cardiovasculares, a pesar de que en ellos participa una masa muscular diferente.
3 Abstract: This study investigated the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on plasm... more 3 Abstract: This study investigated the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on plasma acylated ghrelin and hunger in overweight men. Ten healthy overweight male students (age,23.9±2.5 yrs; BMI,27.6±2.2 kg/m ; VO max, 29.0±6.3ml. kg . min ) undertook two trials, 1) aerobic exercise: 60 min running with70% of 2 11 2 VO max in a 400 meter track, 2) resistance exercise: 3 circuits of 15-20 repetitionsof 6 exercises, with a workload 2 corresponding to 70% of 1RM, in a randomized crossover design. Hunger ratings and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin measured before and immediately after exercise.In order to analyze of data, the dependent and independent t-tests were used respectively to examine within groups and between groups differences and relation between the variables was assessed using Pearson's method. The level of significance was set at p=0.05.Hunger (p=0.015, p=0.002) and plasma acylatedghrelin (p=0.001, p=0.001) suppressed after aerobic and resistance e...
As the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response during the recovery period can be inluenc... more As the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response during the recovery period can be inluenced by size of activated muscle mass, it is possible that this variable also has some distinct effects on post-exercise rate pressure product (RPP). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HR, and RPP responses during recovery to resistance exercise with different body regions. Twelve normotensive young men randomly performed three resistance exercise trials with upper limbs (UL), lower limbs (LL), and whole body (WB), and a control session (CON). All exercise trails included 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with 65% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min rest interval between sets and exercises. SBP, DBP, HR, and RPP were measured before and at each 15 min after exercise until 60 min. Blood lactate (bLAC) was also measured before, and at the 1st minute after the end of exercise. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferr...
International Cardivascular Research Journal, Apr 1, 2015
Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performanc... more Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performance and improve health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors after 4 weeks of resistance training in athletes. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind study, 20 male athletes were selected through simple random sampling, were assigned to supplement and control groups, and participated in resistance training 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The supplement group consumed 3 g HMB supplement per day and the control group consumed the placebo (rice flour) in this period. Before and after the test period, blood pressure was measured and fasting blood samples were obtained to determine blood lipids and hematological parameters. After all, paired and unpaired t-test were used to examine within and between group differences, respectively. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After the training period, no significant differences were found between HMB and placebo groups regarding blood lipids, blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HMB supplementation was safe and did not result in any adverse effects. Thus, HMB can be used safely by human as an ergogenic aid for exercise training.
Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte, Jun 1, 2013
Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion... more Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion individuals worldwide and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Twelve normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3, yrs; height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises, randomly. Methods: The protocols consisted of three circuits of six exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by a 60 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise, at the end of last exercise (R1) and each 10 min of post-exercise recovery (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test, for p≤0.05. Results: In comparison of rest values, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) at R1 after exercise trials with RI30s and RI40s increased significantly. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of SBP was observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas PEH of DBP was observed only after CRE with RI30s at R60. Except for time after CRE with RI30s at R10, no significant change of HR was observed in all measured moments during recovery period of trials. RPP returned to the rest values after exercise trials at R10 and then decreased significantly after CRE with RI30s at R60 and after CRE with RI40s at R40, R50 and R60. Conclusion: In all measured moments, there were no significant differences between experimental sessions in post-exercise levels of SBP, DBP, HR and RPP. In conclusion, CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration and approximately provides same cardiovascular responses after exercise. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
Purpose: To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocols of circu... more Purpose: To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Methods: Eleven normotensive males (aged 19.5 ± 1.0 yrs, height 172.8 ± 5.7 cm and weight 65.1 ± 8.1 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises randomly, as well as a control session without exercise. The protocols consisted of 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetitions maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by an 80 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise and at each 10 min of post-exercise recovery. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by posthoc Bonferroni test, for P≤0.05. Results: Post-exercise hypotension of systolic blood pressure was observed after both CRE with RI30s and RI40s (at R40, R50, R60, R70 and R80), whereas diastolic blood pressure did not differ from that measured at rest. In all measured moments, there was no significant difference between exercise trials in post-exercise levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
RESUMO Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydr... more RESUMO Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differen-ces between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB su...
Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion... more Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion individuals worldwide and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Twelve normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3, yrs; height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises, randomly. Methods: The protocols consisted of three circuits of six exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by a 60 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise, at the end of last exercise (R1) and each 10 min of post-exercise recovery (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test, for p≤0.05. Results: In comparison of rest values, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) at R1 after exercise trials with RI30s and RI40s increased significantly. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of SBP was observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas PEH of DBP was observed only after CRE with RI30s at R60. Except for time after CRE with RI30s at R10, no significant change of HR was observed in all measured moments during recovery period of trials. RPP returned to the rest values after exercise trials at R10 and then decreased significantly after CRE with RI30s at R60 and after CRE with RI40s at R40, R50 and R60. Conclusion: In all measured moments, there were no significant differences between experimental sessions in post-exercise levels of SBP, DBP, HR and RPP. In conclusion, CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration and approximately provides same cardiovascular responses after exercise. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
Please cite this article in press as: Mohebbi H, et al. Effect of involved muscle mass in resista... more Please cite this article in press as: Mohebbi H, et al. Effect of involved muscle mass in resistance exercise on post exercise blood pressure and rate pressure product. Apunts Med Esport. 2016.
Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-bet... more Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.
Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-bet... more Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.
Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performanc... more Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performance and improve health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors after 4 weeks of resistance training in athletes. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind study, 20 male athletes were selected through simple random sampling, were assigned to supplement and control groups, and participated in resistance training 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The supplement group consumed 3 g HMB supplement per day and the control group consumed the placebo (rice flour) in this period. Before and after the test period, blood pressure was measured and fasting blood samples were obtained to determine blood lipids and hematological parameters. After all, paired and unpaired t-test were used to examine within and between group differences, respectively. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After the training period, no significant differences were found between HMB and placebo groups regarding blood lipids, blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HMB supplementation was safe and did not result in any adverse effects. Thus, HMB can be used safely by human as an ergogenic aid for exercise training.
Introduction: Recently, acute training and exercises have been recommended as a non-pharmacologic... more Introduction: Recently, acute training and exercises have been recommended as a non-pharmacological and less expensive treatment of hypertension. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rest interval (RI) between circuit resistance exercises (CRE) on post-exercise blood pressure reduction. Methods: Eleven normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3 yrs, height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises randomly. In the exercise sessions, subjects performed 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minutes rest between circuits. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before exercise and at intervals of 10 min for 60 min after exercise. Result: In comparison of rest values, reduction of SBP observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas reduction of DBP ...
La presion arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) durante el periodo de recuperacion pueden estar... more La presion arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) durante el periodo de recuperacion pueden estar influenciadas por el tamano de la masa muscular activa, y es posible que esta variable tambien tenga algunos efectos diferentes sobre el doble producto en el postejercicio (RPP). El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar y comparar la presion arterial sistolica (PAS) y la presion arterial diastolica (PAD), la FC y el RPP durante la recuperacion de ejercicio de resistencia con distintas regiones del cuerpo. Doce jovenes normotensos realizaron al azar 3 ensayos de ejercicio de resistencia con los miembros superiores (MS), los miembros inferiores (MI) y todo el cuerpo (TC), y una sesion de control (CON). Todos los tipos de ejercicio incluyeron 3 series de 10 repeticiones con un 65% de 1RM con 2 min de intervalo de descanso entre series y ejercicios. La PAS, la PAD, la FC, y el RPP se midieron antes y cada 15 min despues del ejercicio, hasta 60 min. El lactato sanguineo (lacS) tambien se midio antes y en el primer minuto despues del ejercicio. Los analisis de varianza (ANOVA) y de Bonferroni post hoc se utilizaron para analizar los datos a p ≤ 0,05. La PAS disminuyo durante los 60 min postejercicio de MS, MI y TC de manera similar, mientras que despues del ejercicio la PAD no mostraba ningun cambio. Se observaron aumentos significativos en RPP durante 15 min despues del elercicio de MI y 30 min despues del de MS y de TC. La concentracion lacS aumento significativamente despues del ejercicio de resistencia de MS, de MI y de TC en comparacion con los valores de descanso, asi como sesiones CON. Los diferentes ejercicios de resistencia de MS, MI y TC provocan una hipotension post ejericio de similar magnitud y duracion y casi producen las mismas respuestas cardiovasculares, a pesar de que en ellos participa una masa muscular diferente.
3 Abstract: This study investigated the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on plasm... more 3 Abstract: This study investigated the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on plasma acylated ghrelin and hunger in overweight men. Ten healthy overweight male students (age,23.9±2.5 yrs; BMI,27.6±2.2 kg/m ; VO max, 29.0±6.3ml. kg . min ) undertook two trials, 1) aerobic exercise: 60 min running with70% of 2 11 2 VO max in a 400 meter track, 2) resistance exercise: 3 circuits of 15-20 repetitionsof 6 exercises, with a workload 2 corresponding to 70% of 1RM, in a randomized crossover design. Hunger ratings and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin measured before and immediately after exercise.In order to analyze of data, the dependent and independent t-tests were used respectively to examine within groups and between groups differences and relation between the variables was assessed using Pearson's method. The level of significance was set at p=0.05.Hunger (p=0.015, p=0.002) and plasma acylatedghrelin (p=0.001, p=0.001) suppressed after aerobic and resistance e...
As the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response during the recovery period can be inluenc... more As the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response during the recovery period can be inluenced by size of activated muscle mass, it is possible that this variable also has some distinct effects on post-exercise rate pressure product (RPP). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HR, and RPP responses during recovery to resistance exercise with different body regions. Twelve normotensive young men randomly performed three resistance exercise trials with upper limbs (UL), lower limbs (LL), and whole body (WB), and a control session (CON). All exercise trails included 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with 65% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min rest interval between sets and exercises. SBP, DBP, HR, and RPP were measured before and at each 15 min after exercise until 60 min. Blood lactate (bLAC) was also measured before, and at the 1st minute after the end of exercise. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferr...
International Cardivascular Research Journal, Apr 1, 2015
Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performanc... more Background: Nutritional supplements have been widely used in order to enhance athletic performance and improve health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors after 4 weeks of resistance training in athletes. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind study, 20 male athletes were selected through simple random sampling, were assigned to supplement and control groups, and participated in resistance training 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The supplement group consumed 3 g HMB supplement per day and the control group consumed the placebo (rice flour) in this period. Before and after the test period, blood pressure was measured and fasting blood samples were obtained to determine blood lipids and hematological parameters. After all, paired and unpaired t-test were used to examine within and between group differences, respectively. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: After the training period, no significant differences were found between HMB and placebo groups regarding blood lipids, blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HMB supplementation was safe and did not result in any adverse effects. Thus, HMB can be used safely by human as an ergogenic aid for exercise training.
Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte, Jun 1, 2013
Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion... more Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion individuals worldwide and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Twelve normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3, yrs; height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises, randomly. Methods: The protocols consisted of three circuits of six exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by a 60 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise, at the end of last exercise (R1) and each 10 min of post-exercise recovery (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test, for p≤0.05. Results: In comparison of rest values, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) at R1 after exercise trials with RI30s and RI40s increased significantly. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of SBP was observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas PEH of DBP was observed only after CRE with RI30s at R60. Except for time after CRE with RI30s at R10, no significant change of HR was observed in all measured moments during recovery period of trials. RPP returned to the rest values after exercise trials at R10 and then decreased significantly after CRE with RI30s at R60 and after CRE with RI40s at R40, R50 and R60. Conclusion: In all measured moments, there were no significant differences between experimental sessions in post-exercise levels of SBP, DBP, HR and RPP. In conclusion, CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration and approximately provides same cardiovascular responses after exercise. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
Purpose: To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocols of circu... more Purpose: To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Methods: Eleven normotensive males (aged 19.5 ± 1.0 yrs, height 172.8 ± 5.7 cm and weight 65.1 ± 8.1 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises randomly, as well as a control session without exercise. The protocols consisted of 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetitions maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by an 80 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise and at each 10 min of post-exercise recovery. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by posthoc Bonferroni test, for P≤0.05. Results: Post-exercise hypotension of systolic blood pressure was observed after both CRE with RI30s and RI40s (at R40, R50, R60, R70 and R80), whereas diastolic blood pressure did not differ from that measured at rest. In all measured moments, there was no significant difference between exercise trials in post-exercise levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
RESUMO Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydr... more RESUMO Introduction: In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects. Objectives: To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training. Methods: Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. Results: After the training period, there were no significant differen-ces between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB su...
Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion... more Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion individuals worldwide and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Twelve normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3, yrs; height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises, randomly. Methods: The protocols consisted of three circuits of six exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by a 60 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise, at the end of last exercise (R1) and each 10 min of post-exercise recovery (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze data, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test, for p≤0.05. Results: In comparison of rest values, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) at R1 after exercise trials with RI30s and RI40s increased significantly. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of SBP was observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas PEH of DBP was observed only after CRE with RI30s at R60. Except for time after CRE with RI30s at R10, no significant change of HR was observed in all measured moments during recovery period of trials. RPP returned to the rest values after exercise trials at R10 and then decreased significantly after CRE with RI30s at R60 and after CRE with RI40s at R40, R50 and R60. Conclusion: In all measured moments, there were no significant differences between experimental sessions in post-exercise levels of SBP, DBP, HR and RPP. In conclusion, CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration and approximately provides same cardiovascular responses after exercise. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.
Please cite this article in press as: Mohebbi H, et al. Effect of involved muscle mass in resista... more Please cite this article in press as: Mohebbi H, et al. Effect of involved muscle mass in resistance exercise on post exercise blood pressure and rate pressure product. Apunts Med Esport. 2016.
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