Papers by Zubeda Chaudhry
Parasitology Research, Mar 31, 2011
The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Theileria annulata in large rumi... more The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Theileria annulata in large ruminants in Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, consisting of 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts of Southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar, and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of the animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. The age of animals (P = 0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P = 0.02), and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P = 0.05) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of tropical theileriosis in the study area. Two different parasite detection techniques, PCR amplification and screening of Giemsa-stained slides, were compared, and it was found that PCR amplification is a more sensitive tool (19% parasite detection) as compared to smear scanning (3% parasite detection) for the detection of T. annulata. Twenty eight out of 144 animals produced the 721-bp fragment specific for T. annulata from five out of six sampling districts. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite-positive and parasite-negative samples to assess the effect of T. annulata on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.
Springer eBooks, 1999
Ethylene production was stimulated in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Ky 57) infe... more Ethylene production was stimulated in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Ky 57) infected systemically with cucumber mosaic virus yellow strain (CMV-Y). This observation was made with the 9th leaf of tobacco plants which had been inoculated with CMV-Y on the 6th leaf at the middle stage of growth. A transient peak of ethylene production per fresh-weight base appeared 2 weeks after inoculation when the mosaic symptoms of green, yellow and white sectors covered about 40% of the leaf area. The increase in ethylene production was accompanied by an increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase in systemically-infected leaves. Among three sectors with different colors in CMV-Y-infected mosaic leaves, ACC content was highest in the green sector, implying ethylene production took place most actively there.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2013
A total of thirty buffaloes suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria were selected from district... more A total of thirty buffaloes suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria were selected from district Chakwal during December 2010-January 2011. Sixty apparently healthy buffaloes of similar description were also selected from the same areas as controls. Blood samples collected with and without anticoagulant (EDTA) were analyzed for various haematological and biochemical parameters. Significantly (P<0.05) increased mean corpuscular volume (60.72±8.49fL), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (21.46±2.52pg), red cell distribution width (16.80±1.81%), reticulocytes (1.25± 0.66%), platelets (208.13±85.26×10 3 /µl), plateletcrit (0.09±0.04%), mean platelet volume (4.99±1.85fL), serum alkaline phosphatase (164.20±88.95u/L), bilirubin conjugated (0.40±0.17mg/dl), bilirubin unconjugated (0.67±0.22mg/dl) and bilirubin total (1.07±0.39mg/dl) whereas; significantly (P<0.05) decreased serum calcium (2.12±0.11mmoles/L) and phosphorous (2.67±0.79mg/dL) were recorded in haemoglobinuric buffaloes compared to healthy controls. Non significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet distribution width, serum glucose, cholesterol and copper concentrations between haemoglobinuric and healthy buffaloes. These thirty haemoglobinuric buffaloes were divided into three groups for clinical trial to compare and assess the recovery rates of three different treatment packages. Highest recovery rate (100%) was recorded for combined therapy of sodium acid phosphate and blood transfusion The recovery rates for combination of sodium acid phosphate with tranexamic acid and tranexamic acid with Novacoc forte injection were 70% and 50%, respectively.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 1983
... Integrated food-forage production through intercropping of cowpea and mungbean with siratro i... more ... Integrated food-forage production through intercropping of cowpea and mungbean with siratro in a post rice environment [Philippines] by Md Nazrul Islam Miah; Carangal, VR (International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philippines)) (May 1988) in English. ...
Morels (Morchella species) are important edible mushrooms belonging to family Helveliaceae. Despi... more Morels (Morchella species) are important edible mushrooms belonging to family Helveliaceae. Despite it's economic and medicinal importance, not much scientific work (especially molecular work) has been done in Pakistan for improvement of morels. During present research, genomic DNA profiles of five morels species obtained from upper Swat valley, Khyber Puknhtoonkhawa province were studied using four Randomly Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers GLE-05,-06,-07 and-09. Moderate amount of genetic diversity (average GD ranging from 27-62%) was observed among the material studied. The DNA fragments amplified using 4 RAPD primers ranged in size from approximately 100 to 1100 bp. Two, 3.0, 4.6 and 2.2 alleles per accession were amplified using GLE-05,-06,-07 and-09, RAPD primers, respectively. To elaborate phylogenetic relationship among the accessions, a dendrogram was constructed. It is recommended that similar kinds of research should be conducted on larger scale so that a more clear estimate of existing genetic diversity in Pakistani morels can be established which will help in formulating better breeding programs for the improvement of morels in Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2011
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are placed in the family of Orthomyxoviridae having three influenza... more Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are placed in the family of Orthomyxoviridae having three influenza genera known as A, B and C. The viruses which are responsible for infections in birds, belongs to genus influenza virus A which can produce two different types of diseases on bases of their virulence and pathogenicity viz., highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). Frequent outbreaks of LPAIV H9N2 in Asian countries such as in Pakistan and China revealed that this subtype has become endemic in poultry industry. In this study pathogenesis of virus H9 has been studied in broiler chickens under field for which, challenge strains (H9 virus was isolated from field samples and experimental inocula were prepared for study of pathogenesis of H9 virus out under controlled environmental conditions. The virus prevailing in Pakistan was found non pathogenic with Intravenous Pathogenicity Index (IVPI) 0.12/3, produced significant reduction in body weight and had tissue tropism for kidney and respiratory system. Immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen and rapid molecular detection of virus from tissues by using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that RT-PCR is efficient method than immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the virus subtype H9 circulating in Pakistan is low pathogenic in nature with affinity for respiratory system and urinary system in broiler chickens.
Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2009
Canine babesiosis is increasing in incidence and prevalence and is now a major problem in dogs. D... more Canine babesiosis is increasing in incidence and prevalence and is now a major problem in dogs. During this study, a total of 6204 dogs were examined for babesiosis over a 12 month period from January to December, 2006 in Lahore and 2.62% were found positive. The dogs were grouped on the basis of their age, sex and breed and season of the year. The male dogs were more prone to disease than female dogs (3.39 vs. 1.32%), whereas the incidence of disease was higher in younger dogs (6.9%) than older age groups. Crossbreds were more prone to the infection (10.9%) than purebreds. However, none of them were completely resistant. Warm and humid season played a key role in the spread of disease. Predominant vector of the disease was found to be Rhipicephalus species.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2010
ABSTRACT Bovine babesiosis and other tick borne diseases are considered responsible for more than... more ABSTRACT Bovine babesiosis and other tick borne diseases are considered responsible for more than 50% losses in the crossbred cattle. Carrier cattle infected with babesiosis are challenge to current diagnostic methods and are difficult to detect because of the low number of parasites in circulation. However, diagnosis of carrier animals in herd is important for preventing outbreaks by transmission through vector ticks to healthy animals and for obtaining epidemiological data of disease. Here, we report molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cross bred carrier cattle. For this study, 100 blood samples were randomly collected and analyzed using light microscopy and small subunit ribosomal RNA gene based PCR. Screening by LM showed that 18% of samples were positive. PCR analysis of samples diagnosed 29% positive, out of which 11% were positive for B. bovis and 18% for B. bigemina. Hence, 11% of the animals apparently healthy through routine LM diagnosis were carriers posing threat for the healthy herd population.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Jun 4, 2008
PCR was used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and Mycobacterium bovis in local ... more PCR was used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and Mycobacterium bovis in local bovine milk samples. Along with PCR a single intradermal tuberculin test was also carried out for comparing the PCR with tuberculin test. In the case of MTB complex, a 984 bp fragment of insertion sequence IS6110 was amplified in TB positive cases while for M. bovis a 500 bp genomic fragment was amplified in milk samples. The multiplex PCR was also done by using both sets of primers specific to MTB complex and M. bovis. The incidence of MTB complex and M. bovis was found to be 11(35%) and 9(29%) respectively by PCR in milk samples out of total 31 samples, collected from buffaloes suspected for TB, as against 3 (9.6 %) cases of bovine TB after single intradermal tuberculin test.
African Journal of Biotechnology, Mar 29, 2010
Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato crop throughout the world. This disease is very... more Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato crop throughout the world. This disease is very dangerous in hot and humid regions, where it spreads with the irrigation water to whole field within days, which resulted in severe decline in yield. Two varieties of tomato were used for developing bacterial wilt resistance. Riogrande responded more efficiently as compared to Roma. Regeneration frequency of 90.6% was achieved when leaf discs were used and 82.5% when hypocotyls were used as explant for tomato cv. Riogrande. While 65.4% regeneration was achieved from hypocotyls and 72.6% regeneration was obtained when leaf discs were used as explant for cv. Roma. Explants were cocultivated with Agrobacterium strain EHA101 containing a binary vector pTCL5, having hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene which confers resistance to hygromycin and β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in addition to Xa21 gene. Hygromycin (25 mg/l) was used as selectable marker while GUS is a reporter gene. Acetosyringone (50 M) enhanced transformation effeciency. Preselection period of 7 days was found to be indispensable for successful transformation of tomato crop. Transformation efficiency of 24% was observed for Riogrande and 8% for Roma. Molecular analysis of transgenic plants produced was carried out for hygromycin resistance gene. Transgenic plants contained the expected band of 670 bp. PCR analysis confirmed the foreign DNA in to the plant genome.
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2011
The most devastating disease of tomato is bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum wh... more The most devastating disease of tomato is bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum which occur in hot and humid areas of Pakistan. Control of bacterial wilt is difficult, because the pathogen is soil-borne and has a wide host range. There is a need to establish resistance against this pathogen through biotechnological approaches. As a first step, infected tomato leaf samples were collected from various parts of soan skesar valley of Punjab, Pakistan. Isolations were performed on triphenyl tetrazolium salt (TTC) medium. Five samples, each of ten plants, from seven fields were used for isolation. Bacteria with similar characteristics were isolated from all positive samples which produced fluidal colonies that were either entirely white or white with red centre after incubation for 48 hours at 28 o C on TTC medium. They were found positive for gram staining, KOH test, Kovacs oxidase test, Catalase test, Oxidation/fermentation of glucose, Hydrolysis of tween 80 and negative for Arginine dihydrolase, Levan production, Salt tolerance, Lecithinase detection, Gelatin hydrolysis and production of Fluorescent pigment. Wilting and necrosis were observed for pathogenicity test and chlorosis/necrosis was observed for hypersensitivity. Isolates were identified as Ralstonia Solanacearum.. Out of 10 diseased plants, 7 were found positive and 3 were negative.
Worlds Poultry Science Journal, Mar 1, 2018
Jcpsp-journal of The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 2000
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the major cause of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in humans. The... more Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the major cause of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in humans. The study was conducted in Lahore to compare 100 blood and 100 sputum samples from suspected patients of active tuberculosis, using the Duplex PCR and conventional methods for the detection of M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). In M. tuberculosis, pncA gene and species-specific 500-bp fragment of M. bovis was targeted in Duplex PCR. In sputum samples 37 % revealed the presence of M. tuberculosis while 05 % samples were positive for M. bovis using duplex PCR. Blood samples, 39 % and 04 % were positive for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis respectively through PCR. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) have been instituted in 23 % sputum 08 % blood samples using Ziehl-Neelsen staining. On culturing of 11 % sputum and 09 % blood samples were found positive. The sensitivity and specificity of Duplex PCR was found statistically significant in comparison to conventional methods for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Therefore Duplex PCR is a better choice of diagnostic test in the clinical setups where clinical urgencies necessitate a reliable, sensitive and specific test with results in a short time period.
We assessed toxic effects associated with sorghum feeding to rabbits. For this purpose 18 rabbits... more We assessed toxic effects associated with sorghum feeding to rabbits. For this purpose 18 rabbits of almost same body weight and age were randomly divided into three groups (six animals per group) designated as A, B and C. Animals of each group were caged separately providing similar and standard environmental conditions. Group A (control) was fed on grass; group B was fed on sorghum stalks and group C was fed on sorghum leaves. Hematological studies revealed erythrocytopenia, leukocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin and lowered erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in group B as compared to group A and C from day 10 to 30 of the experiment. Biochemical analysis revealed methemoglobinemia and high level of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of group B as compared to group A and C from day 10 to 30 of the experiment. This indicates that these hematological abnormalities may be associated with sorghum stalk feeding in experimental rabbits. Further we analyzed the nitrate level of sorghum stalk, leaves and grass which we used in our experiments. We determined its highest level (1480ppm) in sorghum stalk as compared to sorghum leaves (850ppm) and grass (736ppm). We can not rule out that nitrate in sorghum stalk led to the observed toxicity, but this needs further investigation. Taken together, our observations show that sorghum stalks are more toxic than sorghum leaves when fed to laboratory animals like rabbits.
World's Poultry Science Journal, 2016
Avian influenza viruses have become endemic in land-based domestic poultry and have crossed speci... more Avian influenza viruses have become endemic in land-based domestic poultry and have crossed species barriers. Turkeys are an important host in influenza virus ecology because they are susceptible to infection with these viruses and are often involved in inter species transmission. Several previous studies reveal that waterfowl-origin influenza viruses can be more easily transmitted to domestic turkeys than to chickens. Studies indicate turkeys to be better hosts for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial poultry operations and live bird markets in comparison to chickens. Moreover, turkeys require low, 50% infectious-dose titres from wild bird as well as poultry adapted viruses, suggesting their high susceptibility for infection following a low dose exposure. Additionally, interspecies transmission of swine influenza viruses to turkeys occurs frequently, thus turkeys may be considered as a bridge species between poultry and wildlife. These findings suggest th...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR a... more A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR assay was described which could detect M. bovis infection in blood samples that were apparently negative in PPD of tubercle bacilli. A total of 100 buffaloes blood samples were tested and 2.0 % buffaloes were found positive for M. bovis infection through single comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (SCCIDTT) while 54 % were found positive for M. bovis infection through PCR. The positive cases were analyzed in the background of their history. History revealed that these positive buffaloes were reared in a populated herd for a long time. This study provides an evidence of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in buffaloes which are main source of milk and meat is South Asia.
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Papers by Zubeda Chaudhry