Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Apr 1, 2017
Twenty-one months after successful small-aperture corneal inlay (Kamra) implantation simultaneous... more Twenty-one months after successful small-aperture corneal inlay (Kamra) implantation simultaneous with myopic laser in situ keratomileusis, a patient presented with a superior rhegmatogenous macula-involving retinal detachment. Successful pars plana vitrectomy, transscleral cryotherapy, and gas tamponade were performed with the inlay in situ. Three months later, uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were performed, also with the inlay in situ, for a visually significant cataract. Visualization of the central and peripheral retina and the anterior segment was possible in both procedures through the central aperture and around the periphery of the inlay. An indirect noncontact visualization system was helpful in the retinal surgery, and rotating the eye was helpful in both surgeries if the inlay blocked visualization.
Sixty patients (60 eyes) with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) attributable to AMD ... more Sixty patients (60 eyes) with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) attributable to AMD participated in this study at the American University of Beirut and Hotel Dieu de France Retina Clinics. All lesion types were included except for retinal angiomatous proliferation. ...
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Jul 1, 2017
Purpose: To study the benefit of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in the management of neovascu... more Purpose: To study the benefit of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Methods: Patients with persistent macular fluid on optical coherence tomography despite monthly treatment with at least three consecutive bevacizumab injections followed by at least three ranibizumab injections were prospectively enrolled. A single dexamethasone implant was administered followed by intravitreal ranibizumab 1 week later. Ranibizumab was continued afterward on an as-needed basis. Main outcomes were improvement in central retinal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. Results: Nineteen patients (19 eyes) were enrolled. There was no significant change in best-corrected visual acuity over 6 months. Greatest reduction in mean central retinal thickness, from 295.2 mm to 236.2 mm, occurred 1 month after dexamethasone implant (P , 0.0001). By Month 6, mean central retinal thickness was 287.3 mm (P = 0.16). Eyes with only intraretinal fluid (13 eyes) achieved a fluid-free macula. Eyes with predominantly subretinal fluid (6 eyes) did not improve central retinal thickness and continued monthly ranibizumab. Mean baseline intraocular pressure was 13.2 mmHg, which peaked at 15.6 mmHg by Month 2 (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant improved only macular intraretinal fluid in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab. However, this treatment had a limited duration.
Background: Evaluate subclinical myocardial injury associated with intravitreal anti-vascular end... more Background: Evaluate subclinical myocardial injury associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy by measuring serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T. Methods: This is a prospective pilot comparative study conducted at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. In total, 40 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Patients received three consecutive monthly injections of the assigned drug, then continued treatment as needed. Systemic concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and vascular endothelial growth factor were obtained at baseline, week 9, and week 24. Primary endpoint measure was change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels compared to baseline. Secondary endpoint measure was change in systemic vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Results: There was no significant difference in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels over time ( p = 0.227)...
Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes... more Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes with various intraocular tamponade and media opacities (1-4), and eyes with hydrogel exoplant expansion or fragmentation (5-7). We investigated the role of CT or MR in the diagnosis of scleral buckle infections.
Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes... more Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes with various intraocular tamponade and media opacities (1-4), and eyes with hydrogel exoplant expansion or fragmentation (5-7). We investigated the role of CT or MR in the diagnosis of scleral buckle infections.
Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after re... more Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after removal of silicone oil (SO). Methods: Retrospective series of patients who underwent SO tamponade for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. OCT scans of the affected eye were taken before, during, and 3 months after SO tamponade. Qualitative assessment of foveal contour and quantitative comparison of OCT parameters (central macular, cube, ganglion cell layer [GCL], and outer retinal thicknesses) were done between 3 time points. Results: Ten eyes of 9 patients were included. Flattening of the foveal contour during SO tamponade was completely reversed after SO removal. Average cube and GCL thicknesses decreased with SO tamponade and increased after SO removal (P ¼ .01 and P ¼ .02, respectively). Outer retinal thicknesses did not vary among 3 time points (P ¼ .09). Conclusions: SO tamponade causes foveal flattening and thinning of the inner retinal layers, which is reversible on removal.
The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous di... more The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous displacement or extrusion, especially in the early postoperative period. To anchor the tube in the surrounding tissues, a suture is commonly tied around the collar of the Pyrex tube and externalized to the skin of the medial canthal area where it is fixed. The loop can become loose around the tube, and displacement or extrusion can occur. We describe an alternative method to better secure the tube in place during the early postoperative period and until the time when the tissues around the tube contract.
The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous di... more The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous displacement or extrusion, especially in the early postoperative period. To anchor the tube in the surrounding tissues, a suture is commonly tied around the collar of the Pyrex tube and externalized to the skin of the medial canthal area where it is fixed. The loop can become loose around the tube, and displacement or extrusion can occur. We describe an alternative method to better secure the tube in place during the early postoperative period and until the time when the tissues around the tube contract.
Five-year visual results of intravitreal bevacizumab in refractory inflammatory ocular neovascula... more Five-year visual results of intravitreal bevacizumab in refractory inflammatory ocular neovascularization
Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2021
PURPOSE To explore the differences in workload between pediatric and adult ophthalmology encounte... more PURPOSE To explore the differences in workload between pediatric and adult ophthalmology encounters in the private clinics of an academic medical center. METHODS Complete encounters from four different subspecialties were analysed: pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology/neuroophthalmology, anterior segment, and retina. Five parameters were studied: time waiting for assistant, time with assistant, time waiting for physician, time with physician, and total visit time. Imaging or procedures performed during the clinic visit were recorded. A regression analysis by age was also performed. RESULTS Of 8,545 clinic visits reviewed, 5,611 were complete and included. Pediatric patients spent more time than adults with assistants (10.6 ± 11.5 vs 7.3 ± 6.8 min; P < 0.001) and more time with physicians (25.9 ± 21.6 vs 17.0 ± 13.8 min; P < 0.001) but less time waiting for the physician. Total visit time and time waiting for an assistant did not differ significantly between groups. Adults who underwent a procedure or imaging during their visit had significantly longer times in most components of the encounter. Age was positively correlated with time waiting for physician, time with physician, and total visit time in the adults group. In the pediatric group, age was positively correlated with time with assistant and negatively correlated with time with physician. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that pediatric patients waited a shorter duration for their physicians than adults; however, they required more time with both the physician and the assistant. Total visit time was similar between groups.
This report presents fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in a patient with scleral buckle infe... more This report presents fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in a patient with scleral buckle infection. Ten days following scleral buckling surgery, FA demonstrated dilated choroidal vessels over the buckle with leakage of fluorescein into the subretinal space. Irregular diffuse scleral thickening was noted on the computed tomography (CT). The findings of focal choroiditis with dilated leaky choroidal vessels seen on FA, or diffuse scleral thickening demonstrated by a CT may aid in establishing the diagnosis of scleral buckle infection.
Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye, 2003
Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with an anterior chamber intraocular lens poses several challenges.... more Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with an anterior chamber intraocular lens poses several challenges. This becomes more obvious during fluid-air exchange. The use of viscoelastics during the surgery to overcome these problems is described. This technique allows better visibility intraoperatively, provides a stable anterior chamber, and maintains corneal clarity.
Purpose: Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and... more Purpose: Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after removal of silicone oil (SO). Methods: Retrospective series of patients who underwent SO tamponade for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. OCT scans of the affected eye were taken before, during, and 3 months after SO tamponade. Qualitative assessment of foveal contour and quantitative comparison of OCT parameters (central macular, cube, ganglion cell layer [GCL], and outer retinal thicknesses) were done between 3 time points. Results: Ten eyes of 9 patients were included. Flattening of the foveal contour during SO tamponade was completely reversed after SO removal. Average cube and GCL thicknesses decreased with SO tamponade and increased after SO removal (P = .01 and P = .02, respectively). Outer retinal thicknesses did not vary among 3 time points (P = .09). Conclusions: SO tamponade causes foveal flattening and thinning of the inner retinal layers, which is reversible on removal.
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 2016
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopi... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopic eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 50 amblyopic patients (20 strabismic and 30 anisometropic) and 50 controls was done. Cross-sectional images using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken. Thicknesses were measured subfoveally and at 1,500 µm nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly. Submacular corresponding choroidal areas were also computed. Parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and controls. RESULTS Significantly thicker choroid was detected in the subfoveal, temporal, and nasal locations (P = .007, .009, and .01, respectively) in amblyopic compared to fellow eyes; areas were also significantly greater temporally, nasally, and inferiorly. Significant differences in all choroidal measurements were found between amblyopic eyes and controls; these persisted only in the anisometropic subgroup. CONCLUSION Using enhanced depth OCT, the choroid of amblyopic eyes was observed to be thicker compared to normal fellow eyes and controls. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:900-907.].
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 2015
Nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) has been a suboptimal tool for detecting age-related macular... more Nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) has been a suboptimal tool for detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) changes. This study sought to enhance the detection of AMD changes by combining nonmydriatic FP with nonmydriatic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The study population included 249 patients aged 65 years and older who were assessed for AMD changes using standard mydriatic biomicroscopic fundus examination. Each eye then underwent nonmydriatic FP in one session followed 1 week later with nonmydriatic FP coupled with nonmydriatic SD-OCT. Images were interpreted for detection of AMD changes, and findings were compared to the original mydriatic biomicroscopic examination. Nonmydriatic FP had 64% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and a kappa value of 0.67 in detecting AMD changes compared with the traditional mydriatic biomicroscopic examination. Combined nonmydriatic FP and nonmydriatic SD-OCT increased sensitivity to 91.5%, specificity to 98.6%, and kappa to 0.91. The addition of nonmydriatic SD-OCT to nonmydriatic FP enhances the detection of AMD changes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:531-537.].
Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Apr 1, 2017
Twenty-one months after successful small-aperture corneal inlay (Kamra) implantation simultaneous... more Twenty-one months after successful small-aperture corneal inlay (Kamra) implantation simultaneous with myopic laser in situ keratomileusis, a patient presented with a superior rhegmatogenous macula-involving retinal detachment. Successful pars plana vitrectomy, transscleral cryotherapy, and gas tamponade were performed with the inlay in situ. Three months later, uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were performed, also with the inlay in situ, for a visually significant cataract. Visualization of the central and peripheral retina and the anterior segment was possible in both procedures through the central aperture and around the periphery of the inlay. An indirect noncontact visualization system was helpful in the retinal surgery, and rotating the eye was helpful in both surgeries if the inlay blocked visualization.
Sixty patients (60 eyes) with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) attributable to AMD ... more Sixty patients (60 eyes) with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) attributable to AMD participated in this study at the American University of Beirut and Hotel Dieu de France Retina Clinics. All lesion types were included except for retinal angiomatous proliferation. ...
Retina-the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Jul 1, 2017
Purpose: To study the benefit of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in the management of neovascu... more Purpose: To study the benefit of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Methods: Patients with persistent macular fluid on optical coherence tomography despite monthly treatment with at least three consecutive bevacizumab injections followed by at least three ranibizumab injections were prospectively enrolled. A single dexamethasone implant was administered followed by intravitreal ranibizumab 1 week later. Ranibizumab was continued afterward on an as-needed basis. Main outcomes were improvement in central retinal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. Results: Nineteen patients (19 eyes) were enrolled. There was no significant change in best-corrected visual acuity over 6 months. Greatest reduction in mean central retinal thickness, from 295.2 mm to 236.2 mm, occurred 1 month after dexamethasone implant (P , 0.0001). By Month 6, mean central retinal thickness was 287.3 mm (P = 0.16). Eyes with only intraretinal fluid (13 eyes) achieved a fluid-free macula. Eyes with predominantly subretinal fluid (6 eyes) did not improve central retinal thickness and continued monthly ranibizumab. Mean baseline intraocular pressure was 13.2 mmHg, which peaked at 15.6 mmHg by Month 2 (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant improved only macular intraretinal fluid in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to bevacizumab and ranibizumab. However, this treatment had a limited duration.
Background: Evaluate subclinical myocardial injury associated with intravitreal anti-vascular end... more Background: Evaluate subclinical myocardial injury associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy by measuring serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T. Methods: This is a prospective pilot comparative study conducted at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. In total, 40 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Patients received three consecutive monthly injections of the assigned drug, then continued treatment as needed. Systemic concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and vascular endothelial growth factor were obtained at baseline, week 9, and week 24. Primary endpoint measure was change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels compared to baseline. Secondary endpoint measure was change in systemic vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Results: There was no significant difference in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels over time ( p = 0.227)...
Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes... more Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes with various intraocular tamponade and media opacities (1-4), and eyes with hydrogel exoplant expansion or fragmentation (5-7). We investigated the role of CT or MR in the diagnosis of scleral buckle infections.
Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes... more Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are used by retinal surgeons to monitor eyes with various intraocular tamponade and media opacities (1-4), and eyes with hydrogel exoplant expansion or fragmentation (5-7). We investigated the role of CT or MR in the diagnosis of scleral buckle infections.
Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after re... more Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after removal of silicone oil (SO). Methods: Retrospective series of patients who underwent SO tamponade for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. OCT scans of the affected eye were taken before, during, and 3 months after SO tamponade. Qualitative assessment of foveal contour and quantitative comparison of OCT parameters (central macular, cube, ganglion cell layer [GCL], and outer retinal thicknesses) were done between 3 time points. Results: Ten eyes of 9 patients were included. Flattening of the foveal contour during SO tamponade was completely reversed after SO removal. Average cube and GCL thicknesses decreased with SO tamponade and increased after SO removal (P ¼ .01 and P ¼ .02, respectively). Outer retinal thicknesses did not vary among 3 time points (P ¼ .09). Conclusions: SO tamponade causes foveal flattening and thinning of the inner retinal layers, which is reversible on removal.
The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous di... more The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous displacement or extrusion, especially in the early postoperative period. To anchor the tube in the surrounding tissues, a suture is commonly tied around the collar of the Pyrex tube and externalized to the skin of the medial canthal area where it is fixed. The loop can become loose around the tube, and displacement or extrusion can occur. We describe an alternative method to better secure the tube in place during the early postoperative period and until the time when the tissues around the tube contract.
The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous di... more The standard glass tube used with a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is subject to spontaneous displacement or extrusion, especially in the early postoperative period. To anchor the tube in the surrounding tissues, a suture is commonly tied around the collar of the Pyrex tube and externalized to the skin of the medial canthal area where it is fixed. The loop can become loose around the tube, and displacement or extrusion can occur. We describe an alternative method to better secure the tube in place during the early postoperative period and until the time when the tissues around the tube contract.
Five-year visual results of intravitreal bevacizumab in refractory inflammatory ocular neovascula... more Five-year visual results of intravitreal bevacizumab in refractory inflammatory ocular neovascularization
Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2021
PURPOSE To explore the differences in workload between pediatric and adult ophthalmology encounte... more PURPOSE To explore the differences in workload between pediatric and adult ophthalmology encounters in the private clinics of an academic medical center. METHODS Complete encounters from four different subspecialties were analysed: pediatric ophthalmology, pediatric ophthalmology/neuroophthalmology, anterior segment, and retina. Five parameters were studied: time waiting for assistant, time with assistant, time waiting for physician, time with physician, and total visit time. Imaging or procedures performed during the clinic visit were recorded. A regression analysis by age was also performed. RESULTS Of 8,545 clinic visits reviewed, 5,611 were complete and included. Pediatric patients spent more time than adults with assistants (10.6 ± 11.5 vs 7.3 ± 6.8 min; P < 0.001) and more time with physicians (25.9 ± 21.6 vs 17.0 ± 13.8 min; P < 0.001) but less time waiting for the physician. Total visit time and time waiting for an assistant did not differ significantly between groups. Adults who underwent a procedure or imaging during their visit had significantly longer times in most components of the encounter. Age was positively correlated with time waiting for physician, time with physician, and total visit time in the adults group. In the pediatric group, age was positively correlated with time with assistant and negatively correlated with time with physician. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that pediatric patients waited a shorter duration for their physicians than adults; however, they required more time with both the physician and the assistant. Total visit time was similar between groups.
This report presents fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in a patient with scleral buckle infe... more This report presents fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in a patient with scleral buckle infection. Ten days following scleral buckling surgery, FA demonstrated dilated choroidal vessels over the buckle with leakage of fluorescein into the subretinal space. Irregular diffuse scleral thickening was noted on the computed tomography (CT). The findings of focal choroiditis with dilated leaky choroidal vessels seen on FA, or diffuse scleral thickening demonstrated by a CT may aid in establishing the diagnosis of scleral buckle infection.
Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye, 2003
Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with an anterior chamber intraocular lens poses several challenges.... more Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with an anterior chamber intraocular lens poses several challenges. This becomes more obvious during fluid-air exchange. The use of viscoelastics during the surgery to overcome these problems is described. This technique allows better visibility intraoperatively, provides a stable anterior chamber, and maintains corneal clarity.
Purpose: Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and... more Purpose: Assess changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after removal of silicone oil (SO). Methods: Retrospective series of patients who underwent SO tamponade for macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. OCT scans of the affected eye were taken before, during, and 3 months after SO tamponade. Qualitative assessment of foveal contour and quantitative comparison of OCT parameters (central macular, cube, ganglion cell layer [GCL], and outer retinal thicknesses) were done between 3 time points. Results: Ten eyes of 9 patients were included. Flattening of the foveal contour during SO tamponade was completely reversed after SO removal. Average cube and GCL thicknesses decreased with SO tamponade and increased after SO removal (P = .01 and P = .02, respectively). Outer retinal thicknesses did not vary among 3 time points (P = .09). Conclusions: SO tamponade causes foveal flattening and thinning of the inner retinal layers, which is reversible on removal.
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 2016
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopi... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To detect changes in the choroidal layer at the macular area in amblyopic eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 50 amblyopic patients (20 strabismic and 30 anisometropic) and 50 controls was done. Cross-sectional images using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography (OCT) were taken. Thicknesses were measured subfoveally and at 1,500 µm nasally, temporally, inferiorly, and superiorly. Submacular corresponding choroidal areas were also computed. Parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and controls. RESULTS Significantly thicker choroid was detected in the subfoveal, temporal, and nasal locations (P = .007, .009, and .01, respectively) in amblyopic compared to fellow eyes; areas were also significantly greater temporally, nasally, and inferiorly. Significant differences in all choroidal measurements were found between amblyopic eyes and controls; these persisted only in the anisometropic subgroup. CONCLUSION Using enhanced depth OCT, the choroid of amblyopic eyes was observed to be thicker compared to normal fellow eyes and controls. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:900-907.].
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina, 2015
Nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) has been a suboptimal tool for detecting age-related macular... more Nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) has been a suboptimal tool for detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) changes. This study sought to enhance the detection of AMD changes by combining nonmydriatic FP with nonmydriatic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The study population included 249 patients aged 65 years and older who were assessed for AMD changes using standard mydriatic biomicroscopic fundus examination. Each eye then underwent nonmydriatic FP in one session followed 1 week later with nonmydriatic FP coupled with nonmydriatic SD-OCT. Images were interpreted for detection of AMD changes, and findings were compared to the original mydriatic biomicroscopic examination. Nonmydriatic FP had 64% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and a kappa value of 0.67 in detecting AMD changes compared with the traditional mydriatic biomicroscopic examination. Combined nonmydriatic FP and nonmydriatic SD-OCT increased sensitivity to 91.5%, specificity to 98.6%, and kappa to 0.91. The addition of nonmydriatic SD-OCT to nonmydriatic FP enhances the detection of AMD changes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:531-537.].
Uploads
Papers by Ziad Bashshur