Compacted sandy subgrades are frequently subjected to repeated loading conditions with varying de... more Compacted sandy subgrades are frequently subjected to repeated loading conditions with varying degrees of saturation and compaction. In such conditions, they do not behave satisfactorily and give rise to strength and deformation problems. Post construction changes in moisture are produced by fluctuating ground water table and/or rain. This paper presents and analyses shear strength properties of compacted subgrades with degrees of saturation ranging between 50%-100% and dry densities varying between 90%-100% of the modified AASHOo specifications for a typical well graded sandy material. The shear strength and deformation properties have been obtained from cyclic triaxial tests on compacted specimens. It is found that the degrees of saturation and compaction have a marked effect on these properties. The stability of the sandy materials has been analysed in light of the results of this investigation and recommendations have been made for satisfactory performance of the pavement under ...
Consolidation and shear strength properties of a kaolin clay stabilized with hydrated lime or pho... more Consolidation and shear strength properties of a kaolin clay stabilized with hydrated lime or phosphoric acid were investigated. Consolidation test results indicated that lime or phosphoric acid treatments cause a chemically induced preconsolidation effect of the normally consolidated kaolin clay. The overconsolidation behavior caused by chemical addition is influenced by the type and amount of chemicals and the applied original preconsolidation pressure. Lime or phosphoric acid also decreases the rebound compressibility index of kaolin clay. Consolidated, undrained, shear box tests indicate that the addition of lime or phosphoric acid to clay increases its cohesion and its angle of internal friction and that the strength gain of chemically treated clay is improved and accelerated by consolidation with aging. These findings encourage consideration of chemical treatment as a possible alternative for the control of settlements of kaolin clayey soils.
Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quan-tities during the manufacture of port... more Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quan-tities during the manufacture of portland cement. This paper presents re-sults of a testing program to explore the effect of kiln dust on plasticity, compaction and strength characteristics of clayey soils. Results indicated a considerable decrease in plasticity and marked increase in compressive strengths as a result of the addition of kiln dust. Also, kiln dust enhanced compressive strengths of cement-soil or lime-soil mixtures.
... Sci.. Vol. 2, pp. 19-.r~ (I-HO AH 11990 AD ) Density Prediction Using a Static Cone Penetrome... more ... Sci.. Vol. 2, pp. 19-.r~ (I-HO AH 11990 AD ) Density Prediction Using a Static Cone Penetrometer* ZAKI A. BAGHDADI, FOUAD M. GHAZALI AND AHMED M. KHAN Civil Engineering Department, Faculty ofEngineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. ABSTRACT. ...
Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed ... more Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing. .. . Clay content of various Granite sandclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 30% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing. .. .. Clay content of various Granite sandclay and 30% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing Relationship between compressive strength and clay content of specimens containing 20% cement boiled for 3 and 4 hours. . .
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. Th... more Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. These difficulties have been attributed mainly to the heterogenous nature and unusual behavior of these strata. Quite commonly, the marine strata have low bulk density and usually consist of weakly cemented calcareous and carbonate soils interbedded with coral rock containing cavities filled with coral debris. Geotechnical investigations show that conventional soil mechanics techniques are not successfully applicable to these formations and sediments. This paper presents a case study of a proposed foundation design for a 380 m long quay. This quay is to be constructed near the city of Jeddah on the east coast of the Red Sea. The initial proposed design by the designer suggested 60 cm square precast concrete driven piles. This proposal was not satisfactory to the geotechnical consultant of the contractor, and instead he recommended bored and grouted piles. This recommendation was based upon field data, load testing of piles and information available in the literature. A critical evaluation of both, the proposed design as well as the alternative put forward by the contractor, is given in this paper along with recommendations envisaged by the authors.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quantities during the manufacture of portl... more Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quantities during the manufacture of portland cement. This paper presents results of a testing program to explore the effect of kiln dust on plasticity, compaction and strength characteristics of clayey soils. Results indicated a considerable decrease in plasticity and marked increase in compressive strengths as a result of the addition of kiln dust. Also, kiln dust enhanced compressive strengths of cement-soil or lime-soil mixtures.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
... SABRY A. SHIHATA, ZAKI A. BAGHDADI AND AHMED M. KHAN Department of Civil Engineering, King Ab... more ... SABRY A. SHIHATA, ZAKI A. BAGHDADI AND AHMED M. KHAN Department of Civil Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ABSTRACf. ... TABLE 1. Properties of the soil tested. 28% 21% 7 18% 2.64 A-2-4(0) SM ~" (14mm) 0.02mm 70 1.43 5 18 ...
Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. Th... more Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. These difficulties have been attributed mainly to the heterogenous nature and unusual behavior of these strata. Quite commonly, the marine strata have low bulk density and usually consist of weakly cemented calcareous and carbonate soils interbedded with coral rock containing cavities filled with coral debris. Geotechnical investigations show that conventional soil mechanics techniques are not successfully applicable to these formations and sediments. This paper presents a case study of a proposed foundation design for a 380 m long quay. This quay is to be constructed near the city of Jeddah on the east coast of the Red Sea. The initial proposed design by the designer suggested 60 cm square precast concrete driven piles. This proposal was not satisfactory to the geotechnical consultant of the contractor, and instead he recommended bored and grouted piles. This recommendation was based upon field data, load testing of piles and information available in the literature. A critical evaluation of both, the proposed design as well as the alternative put forward by the contractor, is given in this paper along with recommendations envisaged by the authors.
... Titre du document / Document title. Soil modification by cement kiln dust. Auteur(s) / Author... more ... Titre du document / Document title. Soil modification by cement kiln dust. Auteur(s) / Author(s). BAGHDADI ZA (1) ; FATANI MN (1) ; SABBAN NA ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) King Abdulaziz univ., civ. eng. dep., Jeddah 21413, ARABIE SAOUDITE ...
... Ola [3] also found that cement, lime and bitumen-stabilized lateritic soils could be used as ... more ... Ola [3] also found that cement, lime and bitumen-stabilized lateritic soils could be used as base and sub-base materials in highway construction. ... Lasisi and Ogunjide [5] worked on cement-stabilized lateritic soils to further classify the usefulness and limitations of lateritic soils. ...
This paper presents the results of an experimental program of model piles in carbonate soil from ... more This paper presents the results of an experimental program of model piles in carbonate soil from the Red Sea. Direct and triaxial shear tests of the soil indicated very high effective angles of friction. These angles were greatly affected by confining pressures and relative densities. Results of model pile tests with and without applied surcharge pressures showed early peak frictional resistances for different relative densities. The peaks were stronger in the former case and followed by strain softening down to "stable" residual values. These residual values were found to be comparable with limiting values of friction predicted on the basis of limiting compressibility indices. Also, it was noticed that at the beginning of penetration, most of the applied load was taken by end bearing, but frictional share increased with further penetration until it took more than 50% of the load. Calculated values of the lateral soil pressure coefficient, Ks, showed a continuous decrease with penetration and it stabilized at deeper depths. Statistical correlations were found to relate Ks with the L/D ratio and surcharge pressure. Key words: ocean soil, sand, shear strength, pile, model test, bearing capacity, friction, uplift, active and passive earth pressures.
Compacted sandy subgrades are frequently subjected to repeated loading conditions with varying de... more Compacted sandy subgrades are frequently subjected to repeated loading conditions with varying degrees of saturation and compaction. In such conditions, they do not behave satisfactorily and give rise to strength and deformation problems. Post construction changes in moisture are produced by fluctuating ground water table and/or rain. This paper presents and analyses shear strength properties of compacted subgrades with degrees of saturation ranging between 50%-100% and dry densities varying between 90%-100% of the modified AASHOo specifications for a typical well graded sandy material. The shear strength and deformation properties have been obtained from cyclic triaxial tests on compacted specimens. It is found that the degrees of saturation and compaction have a marked effect on these properties. The stability of the sandy materials has been analysed in light of the results of this investigation and recommendations have been made for satisfactory performance of the pavement under ...
Consolidation and shear strength properties of a kaolin clay stabilized with hydrated lime or pho... more Consolidation and shear strength properties of a kaolin clay stabilized with hydrated lime or phosphoric acid were investigated. Consolidation test results indicated that lime or phosphoric acid treatments cause a chemically induced preconsolidation effect of the normally consolidated kaolin clay. The overconsolidation behavior caused by chemical addition is influenced by the type and amount of chemicals and the applied original preconsolidation pressure. Lime or phosphoric acid also decreases the rebound compressibility index of kaolin clay. Consolidated, undrained, shear box tests indicate that the addition of lime or phosphoric acid to clay increases its cohesion and its angle of internal friction and that the strength gain of chemically treated clay is improved and accelerated by consolidation with aging. These findings encourage consideration of chemical treatment as a possible alternative for the control of settlements of kaolin clayey soils.
Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quan-tities during the manufacture of port... more Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quan-tities during the manufacture of portland cement. This paper presents re-sults of a testing program to explore the effect of kiln dust on plasticity, compaction and strength characteristics of clayey soils. Results indicated a considerable decrease in plasticity and marked increase in compressive strengths as a result of the addition of kiln dust. Also, kiln dust enhanced compressive strengths of cement-soil or lime-soil mixtures.
... Sci.. Vol. 2, pp. 19-.r~ (I-HO AH 11990 AD ) Density Prediction Using a Static Cone Penetrome... more ... Sci.. Vol. 2, pp. 19-.r~ (I-HO AH 11990 AD ) Density Prediction Using a Static Cone Penetrometer* ZAKI A. BAGHDADI, FOUAD M. GHAZALI AND AHMED M. KHAN Civil Engineering Department, Faculty ofEngineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. ABSTRACT. ...
Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed ... more Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing. .. . Clay content of various Granite sandclay and 20% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing Clay content of various crystal silicaclay and 30% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing. .. .. Clay content of various Granite sandclay and 30% cement specimens against hours boiling needed to reach 7-day and 28-day strength normal curing Relationship between compressive strength and clay content of specimens containing 20% cement boiled for 3 and 4 hours. . .
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. Th... more Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. These difficulties have been attributed mainly to the heterogenous nature and unusual behavior of these strata. Quite commonly, the marine strata have low bulk density and usually consist of weakly cemented calcareous and carbonate soils interbedded with coral rock containing cavities filled with coral debris. Geotechnical investigations show that conventional soil mechanics techniques are not successfully applicable to these formations and sediments. This paper presents a case study of a proposed foundation design for a 380 m long quay. This quay is to be constructed near the city of Jeddah on the east coast of the Red Sea. The initial proposed design by the designer suggested 60 cm square precast concrete driven piles. This proposal was not satisfactory to the geotechnical consultant of the contractor, and instead he recommended bored and grouted piles. This recommendation was based upon field data, load testing of piles and information available in the literature. A critical evaluation of both, the proposed design as well as the alternative put forward by the contractor, is given in this paper along with recommendations envisaged by the authors.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quantities during the manufacture of portl... more Kiln dust is a waste material produced in considerable quantities during the manufacture of portland cement. This paper presents results of a testing program to explore the effect of kiln dust on plasticity, compaction and strength characteristics of clayey soils. Results indicated a considerable decrease in plasticity and marked increase in compressive strengths as a result of the addition of kiln dust. Also, kiln dust enhanced compressive strengths of cement-soil or lime-soil mixtures.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 1990
... SABRY A. SHIHATA, ZAKI A. BAGHDADI AND AHMED M. KHAN Department of Civil Engineering, King Ab... more ... SABRY A. SHIHATA, ZAKI A. BAGHDADI AND AHMED M. KHAN Department of Civil Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ABSTRACf. ... TABLE 1. Properties of the soil tested. 28% 21% 7 18% 2.64 A-2-4(0) SM ~" (14mm) 0.02mm 70 1.43 5 18 ...
Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. Th... more Great difficulties are usually encountered in the design of pile foundations in marine strata. These difficulties have been attributed mainly to the heterogenous nature and unusual behavior of these strata. Quite commonly, the marine strata have low bulk density and usually consist of weakly cemented calcareous and carbonate soils interbedded with coral rock containing cavities filled with coral debris. Geotechnical investigations show that conventional soil mechanics techniques are not successfully applicable to these formations and sediments. This paper presents a case study of a proposed foundation design for a 380 m long quay. This quay is to be constructed near the city of Jeddah on the east coast of the Red Sea. The initial proposed design by the designer suggested 60 cm square precast concrete driven piles. This proposal was not satisfactory to the geotechnical consultant of the contractor, and instead he recommended bored and grouted piles. This recommendation was based upon field data, load testing of piles and information available in the literature. A critical evaluation of both, the proposed design as well as the alternative put forward by the contractor, is given in this paper along with recommendations envisaged by the authors.
... Titre du document / Document title. Soil modification by cement kiln dust. Auteur(s) / Author... more ... Titre du document / Document title. Soil modification by cement kiln dust. Auteur(s) / Author(s). BAGHDADI ZA (1) ; FATANI MN (1) ; SABBAN NA ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) King Abdulaziz univ., civ. eng. dep., Jeddah 21413, ARABIE SAOUDITE ...
... Ola [3] also found that cement, lime and bitumen-stabilized lateritic soils could be used as ... more ... Ola [3] also found that cement, lime and bitumen-stabilized lateritic soils could be used as base and sub-base materials in highway construction. ... Lasisi and Ogunjide [5] worked on cement-stabilized lateritic soils to further classify the usefulness and limitations of lateritic soils. ...
This paper presents the results of an experimental program of model piles in carbonate soil from ... more This paper presents the results of an experimental program of model piles in carbonate soil from the Red Sea. Direct and triaxial shear tests of the soil indicated very high effective angles of friction. These angles were greatly affected by confining pressures and relative densities. Results of model pile tests with and without applied surcharge pressures showed early peak frictional resistances for different relative densities. The peaks were stronger in the former case and followed by strain softening down to "stable" residual values. These residual values were found to be comparable with limiting values of friction predicted on the basis of limiting compressibility indices. Also, it was noticed that at the beginning of penetration, most of the applied load was taken by end bearing, but frictional share increased with further penetration until it took more than 50% of the load. Calculated values of the lateral soil pressure coefficient, Ks, showed a continuous decrease with penetration and it stabilized at deeper depths. Statistical correlations were found to relate Ks with the L/D ratio and surcharge pressure. Key words: ocean soil, sand, shear strength, pile, model test, bearing capacity, friction, uplift, active and passive earth pressures.
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