Papers by Zulkarnain Kedah
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2019
Despite being misinterpreted in many different ways, the concept of Jihad can be adopted to conve... more Despite being misinterpreted in many different ways, the concept of Jihad can be adopted to convey positive virtues in various aspects of life. While many studies have been generated on the topic of Jihad after the 11th September attack, little information is available in the area of business Jihad. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of business Jihad on entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Nine experienced and successful Muslim entrepreneurs were selected to participate in this study which was conducted by using in-depth interviews. The results revealed that the adherence to the philosophy of business Jihad has significant positive impact on the entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Therefore, these findings have the capacity to inspire the leaders from various government agencies and entrepreneurs to work together in instilling the spirit of business Jihad as a means to achieve high motivation and performance in the business world.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIER OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
2022 IEEE Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jun 2021
The development of the economy of Saudi Arabia outside of the petrol-related industries is vital ... more The development of the economy of Saudi Arabia outside of the petrol-related industries is vital to the future of Saudi Arabia. Beside others, the Qassim Cement Company (QCC) is one of the major companies in the field of building materials that contributes to strengthening the Saudi economy. This case study explores the challenges of maintaining a high-level of competitiveness while remaining true to ethical values and practices embedded in the teachings of Islam. The Qassim Cement Company has sales of about SAR 800 million (about USD$ 200 million) and a workforce of about 650 people. It has a profit margin of around 34%. By comparison, the average profit margin in the cement industry varies between 10% and 20%. Yet at the same time, interviews with employees suggest that the company implements Islamic principles of management. This case raises an important philosophical question about management principles universal or should they be adapted to the local context and culture.
International Journal of Learning and Development
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, underprivileged entrepreneurs have been experiencing ex... more Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, underprivileged entrepreneurs have been experiencing extensive hardship and economic vulnerability. They face financial problems because of irregular business operations and shirking income opportunities. They are increasingly relying on government handouts and subsidies. Several studies suggest that the digitalisation of business is a viable way to keep businesses remaining operational during the pandemic. However, there is a significant lack of research on how microenterprises can be shifted to the digital platform to harness regular business activities and cope with this pandemic situation. Based on the review of the current literature, this paper offers a conceptual framework for the digitalisation of micro-enterprises from a Malaysian standpoint. This framework comprises four major elements of the business value chain: inbound logistics, outbound logistics, operations, and marketing & sales. It also projects light on the efficiency and ...
Due to increasing globalisation and intense international competition, companies have begun to re... more Due to increasing globalisation and intense international competition, companies have begun to realise that supplier-partner relationships are becoming a key force necessary in business-to-business (B2B) distribution channels to achieve significant monetary and non-monetary benefits. However, the tasks required of implementing a successful B2B distribution strategy for a supplier and its partners face greater challenges, and are more complex now than just a few years ago. One of the methods used to overcome the challenges inherent to the supplier-partner relationship is by creating and adopting new solutions, often referred to as Partner Relationship Management (PRM), in order to provide an entire suite of web-based software solutions that are specifically targeted toward building closer and more productive supplier-partner relationships (Mirani, Moore, and Weber, 2001). In fact, substantial capital is invested in web-based technologies to complement existing traditional approaches ...
Spirituality in entrepreneurship as an emerging area of interest has begun to generate attention ... more Spirituality in entrepreneurship as an emerging area of interest has begun to generate attention from management scholars. However, most research in this area is from the western perspective. Until recently, there is dearth of research that gears towards spirituality in Islam and its contribution to the overall development of modern organisations. This exploratory study presents a conceptual analysis of the effects of spirituality in Islam on entrepreneurial motivation, performance and commitment to social responsibility. It has been suggested that spirituality in Islam has the potential to positively influence the entrepreneurial outcomes considered.
The spotlight of this study is to examine the attributes and essential elements of millionaire’s ... more The spotlight of this study is to examine the attributes and essential elements of millionaire’s mind programming and to utilize a contemporary psychological method to evaluate consciousness that enhance entrepreneurial performance through entrepreneurial motivation among the entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The premise of this point of convergence is to know which elements of an entrepreneurial mind programming are deficient and to have the capacity to concoct thoughts that can be utilized to enhance these lacking for entrepreneurial success. The study represents a significant positive relationship between millionaire’s mind programming and entrepreneurial performance mediated by entrepreneurial motivation. The findings of the results also confirm that millionaire’s mind programming is an important factor among other factors that have influenced over entrepreneurial motivation. The outcome of the study will help the training and development authorities to take necessary steps to outline ...
The spotlight of this study is to examine the attributes and essential elements of millionaires’ ... more The spotlight of this study is to examine the attributes and essential elements of millionaires’ secret strategy and to utilise a contemporary psychological method to evaluate consciousness that enhances entrepreneurial performance through entrepreneurial motivation among entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The premise of this point of convergence is to know which elements of a secret entrepreneurial strategy are deficient and to have the capacity to concoct thoughts that can be utilised to enhance these lacking for entrepreneurial success. The study represents a significant positive relationship between millionaires’ secret strategy and entrepreneurial performance mediated by entrepreneurial motivation. The findings of the results also confirm that millionaire’s secret strategy is an important factor among other factors that have influenced over entrepreneurial motivation. The outcomes of the study will help the training and development authorities to take necessary steps to outline new and...
This study examines the determinants of the customer ordering experience, which include website t... more This study examines the determinants of the customer ordering experience, which include website trust, customer satisfaction and loyalty. The determinants are represented by website quality and service quality. A survey data of 353 online food ordering customers were used to test the research model using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results reveal that not only is there a significant positive relationship between website quality and website trust but also a significant positive relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, significant positive relationships are also found not only between website trust and customer satisfaction but also between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, the study also found an unexpected direct link between service quality and loyalty. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for operating online food ordering services successfully.
Spirituality in entrepreneurship is an emerging area of interest which has begun to generate atte... more Spirituality in entrepreneurship is an emerging area of interest which has begun to generate attention from management scholars. However, most research carried out in this area is from the western perspective. Until recently, there is dearth of research that gears towards spirituality in Islam and its contribution to the overall development of modern organisations. Precious little information is available regarding spirituality in Islam and its effects on entrepreneurial outcomes. This exploratory study presents a conceptual analysis of the effects of spirituality in Islam on entrepreneurial motivation, performance and commitment to social responsibility. It has been suggested that spirituality in Islam has the potential to positively influence the attitudes of entrepreneurs and to serve as a motivational drive for going into business. Also, it has the potential to serve as a catalyst for positive energy, enhanced performance and increased commitment to social responsibility. Therea...
Web technologies have a significant impact on how companies manage their relationships with their... more Web technologies have a significant impact on how companies manage their relationships with their stakeholders. Technologies, especially web portals have been widely adopted as platforms for integrating partner or reseller activities. Inefficient traditional methods which require high transaction costs and poor communication processes are being replaced with web-based relationship management solutions. This study explores the adoption of webbased technologies, specifically web portals in partner relationship management (PRM) and their contributions towards enhancing and sustaining relationships with channel members. This study is based on prior research and interview data gathered from a sample of ten companies in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) industry from Malaysia, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The findings revealed that companies which adopt web-based solutions become effective and efficient in three main areas: sales and marketing, training, and technical supp...
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2019
Despite being misinterpreted in many different ways, the concept of Jihad can be adopted to conve... more Despite being misinterpreted in many different ways, the concept of Jihad can be adopted to convey positive virtues in various aspects of life. While many studies have been generated on the topic of Jihad after the September 11th attack, little information is available in the area of business Jihad. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of business Jihad on entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Nine experienced and successful Muslim entrepreneurs were selected to participate in this study which was conducted by using indepth interviews. The results revealed that the adherence to the philosophy of business Jihad has significant positive impact on the entrepreneurs' motivation and performance. Therefore, these findings have the capacity to inspire the leaders from various government agencies and entrepreneurs to work together in instilling the spirit of business Jihad as a means to achieve high motivation and performance in the business world.
International Review of Business Research Papers, 2014
This study tries to examine the export competitiveness of selected telecommunication products by ... more This study tries to examine the export competitiveness of selected telecommunication products by using indicators like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis and Shift-share method and these are used for identifying potential export markets. The selected four categories of telecommunication products are taken into account on the basis of three digit level Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) for the period between 2000 and 2011.The RCA calculation clearly indicates an increasing strength of comparative advantage of Malaysia, except for the products (SITC-763) and (SITC-764). This is mainly due to the negligible import for these products. The CMS results suggest that export gains of Malaysia for telecommunication products are largely attributed to the size of the market and also to its competitiveness effects. The CMS analysis also depicts that the competitiveness effect of telecommunication products are subsequently improved in general during the period III and I (2008-11and 2000-03) as compared to those of the period I and II (2000-03 and 2004-07) and period II and III (2004-07 and 2008-11). The shift-share indicates that the USA,
Spirituality in entrepreneurship as an emerging area of interest has begun to generate attention ... more Spirituality in entrepreneurship as an emerging area of interest has begun to generate attention from management scholars. However, most research in this area is from the western perspective. Until recently, there is dearth of research that gears towards spirituality in Islam and its contribution to the overall development of modern organisations. This exploratory study presents a conceptual analysis of the effects of spirituality in Islam on entrepreneurial motivation, performance and commitment to social responsibility. It has been suggested that spirituality in Islam has the potential to positively influence the entrepreneurial outcomes considered.
There has been a growing trend among providers of physical products and services to shift from pu... more There has been a growing trend among providers of physical products and services to shift from purely „traditional‟ to „online‟ modes of receiving orders online and thereafter affecting deliveries via suitable means. Success factors in traditional business offering may not be wholly applicable for online mode of business. Consequently, there is a need to conceptualize a specific model for inevitable online food ordering and delivery. By synthesizing the literature in related areas, this paper aims to propose important components that explain customer placement of food order online and consequent delivery. Available literature suggests that order placement (OP), a dependent variable is made up of two main components, that is, online food ordering (as first independent variable) and delivery services (second independent variable). The study proposed a model and provided testable hypotheses. It carried out a pilot test to obtain general feelings of prospective online orders from urban dwellers. Fast service and convenience have been cited as main factors to make city dwellers want to place their food order online. Factors that dissuade city people to experience online purchase include unknown service provider, low food quality, type and variety of food and perceived lack of online security protection.
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2015
Despite the concept of Jihad being interpreted differently, it has been adopted to convey positiv... more Despite the concept of Jihad being interpreted differently, it has been adopted to convey positive virtues in the business world. However, while much research has been generated on the topic of Jihad after the September 11th attack, precious little information is available in the area of business Jihad. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of business Jihad on entrepreneurs' ethical behaviour and commitment to social responsibility. The study employed a qualitative approach, using in-depth interview where nine experienced and successful Muslim entrepreneurs were selected and participated in this research. The results revealed that that adherence to the philosophy of business Jihad has significant positive impact on entrepreneurs' ethical behaviour and social responsibility. Therefore, the findings of this study have the capacity to help policy makers and entrepreneurs to work together in setting a high standard of ethics and corporate social responsibility in the business world.
International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 2015
This study attempts to identify the attributes and essential elements of Islamic entrepreneurial ... more This study attempts to identify the attributes and essential elements of Islamic entrepreneurial mind programming and to utilise a contemporary psychological method to evaluate consciousness that enhance entrepreneurial performance through entrepreneurial motivation among the entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Emphasis on entrepreneurial aspects of Islam has not been given enough attention in the field of entrepreneurship literature which might be an important component for Muslims entrepreneurial motivation and performance. A survey data of 201 respondents were used to test the research model using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study represents a significant positive relationship between Islamic entrepreneurial mind programming and entrepreneurial performance mediated by entrepreneurial motivation. The findings of the results confirm that Islamic entrepreneurial mind programming is an important factor among other factors that have influenced over entrepreneurial motivation. The outcome of the study will help the training and development authorities to take necessary steps to outline a new and productive content for potential entrepreneurial development.
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Papers by Zulkarnain Kedah