Papers by Yutthasart Norkaew
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Valaya Alongkorn, 2022
This academic article focuses on the origin and the development of the constitution from the past... more This academic article focuses on the origin and the development of the constitution from the past to the present by using the conceptual framework "Social Contract". Which is analyzed together with the development of the modern nation-state under the guidelines of the agreement in "The Treaty of Westphalia", where is the birth of the "Sovereignty". Furthermore, this led to a "Secular State form” (The Clear Separation Power between Politics and Religion). It was found that
the "Constitution" was regularity, rules, regulations, and rules of society that the rulers had set up and enforced in different ways for a long time. Which has been developed continuously until became to distinctive style; as shown in the British “Magna Carta Charter” together with the
creation of a written constitution after the founding of the United States. Later, this system became the mainstream values under the guideline "Constitutionalism" that spread widely, and it is also regarded as one of the important tools of the governance of modern nation-states around
the world. Whether that, the government is in democracy, socialism, communism, authoritarian dictatorship, or any other form. In addition, the constitution provides administrative legitimacy and becomes part of the guarantee of territorial sovereignty for the rulers of international law. It is
considered a compromise of political power which guarantees non-violent conflict. For examples, the case of the signing of documents by the British monarch which negotiates political power with
the nobility in parliament. This is a characteristic of political reform that has resulted in the monarchy be able to maintain their status as the head of state for a long time until the present. Although the nature of the British Constitution is the unwritten law.
Journal of Local management and Development Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, 2023
This article aims to review the body of knowledge about risk management according to the principl... more This article aims to review the body of knowledge about risk management according to the principles "COSO Enterprise Risk Management", also known as "COSO ERM", which is a process that three groups of people within the organization play the main role include the top management, board of directors and all employees; in the organization have to take part in driving the organization dynamically. In order to create a balance of mutual acceptance of risks in unity. This is one of the important processes that guarantee the survival of the organization in a sustainable way, In essence, if the organization can manage risks well, it will lead to the creation of huge profits and there must be a process that Corresponds to the human resource management within the organization systematically. Furthermore, to strengthen management guidelines for maximum efficiency, a clear enterprise-wide risk management plan must be implemented and revised on a regular basis. This will allow the organization to solve problems that arise in time. For this reason, "Risk Management" is necessary to relate to "Human Resource Management" within the organization is inevitable. If it appears that any part is neglected, it will directly affect the operation of the organization in the long run. Especially, in time when the organization is in a critical situation and still ignores the events that occur. Without any preparation, it may lead the organization to disaster in the end. For example; in the event of a crisis, the change in tastes and needs of customers' products and services according to the globalization trend Climate change that fluctuates with the seasons or the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), and etc.
Journal of Public Administration Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2024
This article focuses on studying risk management models to be analyzed,
developed, improved, an... more This article focuses on studying risk management models to be analyzed,
developed, improved, and applied within various organizations. The study found
that there should be a process for developing risk management within the
organization regularly to increase organizational management potential under
multiple processes that lead to continuous dynamic risk acceptance. The
consideration of human resource management guidelines must also be taken into
account. This is because the internal resources of each organization are limited.
When considering personnel, budget, materials, equipment, machinery, and
management methods, for this reason, develop human resources by enhancing
knowledge, improving skills and expertise in specific areas, training to adjust ,
attitudes towards work, and focusing on improving employee behavior to create
enthusiasm. Therefore, it is a process of conceptual integration. To concretely
transform into a learning organization, risk management needs to develop a
process model combined with various theories in a comprehensive manner,
which will create sustainable integrated risk management in the organization.
Journal of Public Administration Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2020
This academic article aims to study guidelines for constructing a complete system of professional... more This academic article aims to study guidelines for constructing a complete system of professionalizing the military [or military professionalism] under the control of the civilian government in Thailand. The article was conducted by investigating academic books, academic research papers, academic articles, and news made available via various media and complying those documented information with the concept on the construction of military professionalism. The data collection was then analyzed to reveal its results and draw further conclusions. The results of this study revealed that the construction of military professionalism under the willingness [or propensity] of civilians to serve in the military is an essential part of the reduction of the military's role under the control of the civilian government. Not only there should be a total separation of the civilians’principle missions from the military ones, but also there should be a mechanism effectively established for the civilian control of the military in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution relating to a functional chain of command between the civilian government and the military. These will devise a method [or a system] of preventing political interference from all stakeholders involved in [a majority of] military coups that had occurred in the past period.
That’s to say, the guidelines for constructing a complete system of the construction of military professionalism leading to a reduction in the role of the Thai armed forces under the control of the civil government need to place reliance on 4 supporting factors that can be summarized as follows:
The first approach is to amend the Constitution and the Act in respect of military conscription. The amendment should be made under Section 50and Sub-Section 5 prescribed as a person who is forced to serve in the armed forces without their voluntary enlistment. Such a clause can be accounted for a deprivation of the basic human rights of Thai citizens embedded in the constitutional provisions. Thus, any constitutional provisions stipulated in the military conscription should be abolished, leading to constructing a complete system of the military professionalism in Thailand as well.
The second approach is to establish a power base for counterbalancing the armed forces by virtue of mobilizing security personnel from the areas of centralized control to the regional areas [of decentralized execution]. It is considered a determinant of future military-led coups and a spectrum of the troops or military staff in competition with a state of preparedness under military chains of command. It also facilitates constructing a complete system of military professionalism without the conscription.
The third approach is to create a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. Both the political and military parties should make a collaborate effort to formulate rules on any new administrative values that shall be explicitly stipulated in the Constitution.This will enable to take strict control of the armed forces in accordance with the military chains of command by virtue of promoting awareness of a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. With this respect, all parties should behave with integrity in the reform of the Thai Armed Forces.
The fourth approach is to reduce the political role of high ranking officers and retired Army generals. The contributory factor of staging the coup in Thailand was mostly driven in support of a group of retired Army generals who used to hold a senior position in Royal military cadet academy. Thus far, they still exercise their political influence from holding higher positions in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the retired people have the roles to play in parliament as senators appointed by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) after the general election in 2019. It is more difficult to construct a complete professional military system and control the army under a civilian government. Since a group of these people has infiltrated into every government organization or agency and continues to support the existence of a large military organization. It is therefore expedient to reduce the political role of a senior military officer by enacting a law rectified in the prohibition of not being a person holding any position in whether private or public agencies as well as organizations
Journal of Public Administration Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2023
This article Aiming at reviewing the development of the Thai Constitution Since the influence of ... more This article Aiming at reviewing the development of the Thai Constitution Since the influence of constitutional ideas came to the land of Siam during the reign of King Mongkut (King Rama IV) onwards, which is considered an international political trend that has been widely discussed and criticized around the world. During that time until the creation of the first constitution in the period after "Siamese Revolution 1932" and appears to have developed continuously. Throughout the period between 1932 and 2017, Thailand had a
CRRU Law, Political Science and Social Science Journal, 2023
This academic article focuses on the development of democracy in the Kurdish stateless territory ... more This academic article focuses on the development of democracy in the Kurdish stateless territory of the Middle East. Calling themselves "Rojava" by considering about the abstract nature of the state in the form of "Anarchism," they are attempting to liberate their ethnic groups from the rule of other races by uniting together to form a "Social Contract" and have joined together in a referendum asking for the separation of territory from Syria to be established "Autonomous Region" where can act independently. By using the concept of democratic development as an important political landmark that calling this format "Democratic Federal," it consists of the smallest lower-level government in society, called the "Commune," and the upper-level government formed by the union of several communes in order to form another layer of joint projects or public affairs called "Canton," " Rojava" still lacks the key element of a nation-state, that is, "sovereignty," but this is not an obstacle to govern their own. Since the Syrian constitution favors Kurdish self-government, in addition the context is directly related to the ongoing civil war is still hot. It is inevitable that the Kurdish people will always depend on one another. For this reason, the Kurdish leaders have created a spatial discourse to forge ethnic feelings until it creates a symbol of integration that helps create more solidarity between each other, leading to the integrity of politics and governance that directly affects self-government capability and focuses on low-level sovereignty. As a result, the "Rojava" dream land implies self-government and sovereignty within a small, unified area, free of any outside commune in any all cases.
Political Science and Public Administration Journal, 2023
This article aims to study the political movements of the Kurdish nationalist movement in Syria f... more This article aims to study the political movements of the Kurdish nationalist movement in Syria from the fall of the Ottoman Empire to the present day. Considering information from various types of documents, it is found that the Kurds have been making efforts to liberate themselves from the rule of the "Assad regime" throughout this period. Later, a revolutionary wave occurred as a result of the "Arab Spring," leading to changes in the geopolitical landscape within the Middle East region. Eventually, the Kurds were able to establish an "autonomous region" called "Rojava" has been successful, with "Rojava" becoming an unofficial "state within a state" for a group of nations that are not traditional "nation-states" within the sovereign territory of Syria. Furthermore, a new administrative structure has been designed by decentralizing political sovereignty to grassroots local organizations called "communes," allowing each community to independently manage public affairs within its locality. This initiative includes the preparation of a "Social contract" that focuses on the importance of the "citizen" rights of individuals combined with efforts to break free from the constraints of "Patriarchal capitalism" through three social and political philosophy concepts: "women's rights, social ecology, and direct democracy," integrated under the governing coalition in the form of the "Democratic Federation" as a unified entity. However, it's important to note that "Rojava" still maintains the status of just an "anarchist society," lacking a traditional nation-state structure, which is inconsistent with the concept of modern nation-state building.
Journal of Political and Social Agenda, 2024
This article aims tostudy the political developmentof theKurdish peopleinthearea
“Syrian Kurdista... more This article aims tostudy the political developmentof theKurdish peopleinthearea
“Syrian Kurdistan” where is one of the territories of “Kurdistan” according to the “Treaty of
Sèvres” whichgavetheKurds theright toestablisha“nationstate,” but this wasnot guaranteed
by ratification by an external “independent state.” Later, the great powers joined together
and sign again in The Treaty of Lausanne that led to the establishment of the “Republic of
Turkey.”That wasunfairlyreplaced and the“Leagueof Nations” divided theterritory“Kurdistan”
into 4 parts according to the “Sykes-Picot Agreement” by distributed within the sovereign
states of Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran until present. Later on, the Kurds jointed together and
formed “PartiyaKarkerenKurdistan”(PKK)and “PartiyaYekîtiya Demokrat”(PYD) insequence,
inorder tothe purposeof maintaining their international political strongholds in bothTurkey
and Syria. However, the “Arab Spring” events brought significant changes to many strategic
and geopolitical areas of the Middle East. In the end, the Kurds in northern and eastern Syria
won a decisive victory. Therefore, the autonomous region “Rojava” was established within
the sovereign state of Syria. By using guidelines “Democracy” is an important milestone in
theadministrationunder theform of government.“Democratic federation” withthefoundation
of sovereignty in the form of an inverted pyramid. Where citizens can freely exercise
democratic power through various local committees without authority from the central
government to control and oversee. This model differs from the governance model of a
“nationstate” whichemphasizesonthefoundationof sovereignty intheform of a“bureaucratic
state” which based on international principles as seen in the global community in general.
In conclusion, the stateless democratic process of “Rojava” represents a form of local governance characterized by a highly autonomous and administratively robust local
organization, surpassing the governance of localities in the form of a “nation-state.”
The Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Science. School of Law Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2022
This academic article objective is to study the management of military relations under the conc... more This academic article objective is to study the management of military relations under the concept of military reform in aview of the deprivation of human rights through conscription, and to study the political relationship between the government and the armed forces in the transitional period of power that affects the context of contemporary Thai politics. Which should adhere to the principle of building an army in a democratic way, both in the form of political administration and the management of the army; in principle, the military is essentially under the jurisdiction of the civilian government. Due to the modern political management in the present era,if the military can dominates and leads an elected government of the people. It will affect the influence of the military that can dominate the political structure. Moreover, they can negotiate and make benefits for themselves and their friends through the patronage system.Therefore, there should be a reform of the military in the structural system. The authors analyzed and summarized into 4 approaches as follows:1) The development of professional military systems and the reorganization of the entire reserve system with the abolition of the conscription system.2) The systematic political reform on the empowerment of the civilian government under the leadership-follower relationship through concrete constitutional provisions.3) To promote the constitutionalism in military educational institutions at all levels In order to instill democratic political development values for young soldiers who will become leaders or operators of the army in the future.4) The Political openness in the form of modern democracy by giving people the opportunity to actively participate in politics While the government and military must endure the prolonged and non-violent protests to suppress people. This is allowing everything to follow in accordance with the democratic regime. This is the most evident form of managing the new relationship between the military, government and people. That can be seen everywhere in Western countries where have long developed democratic political developments in both Europe and America.
Phetchabun Rajabhat Journal, 2022
The objective academic article of this research was to analyze an authoritarian dictatorship cul... more The objective academic article of this research was to analyze an authoritarian dictatorship culture through the coup d'état framework under the view of managing new political relations that affects democratic development, and one of the important factors had been affecting the long term in Thailand. This made the civilian government unable to run the country continuously. Considered from the case of a coup d'état in 2006, the military seized power without the intention of forming a government. Moreover, they only aimed to resolve the stressful situation caused by the conflict in society, and supported the royal government in order to take over the country instead of their coup d’état. But still maintains control of the government as a counter signee for the appointment and the removal of political office holders by stipulating that. Furthermore, there was a process for drafting a new constitution which arranged for a resolution by the people and holding elections in the case of the 2014 coup, the military had learned lessons from the past to seizure of power over political ideological mass control. In addition, this situation led to more violent conflicts, and made it necessary for the military to increase the political power and form their own government with the view that political reforms can be successful. A new political tie must be organized, and the military had arranged to draft a new constitution again for having a resolution by the people. In addition, there were special powers under the Constitution (Provisional) Article 44 which was a tool of strategic management in politics. It can be concluded that the two coups showed the originated from the movement of the masses; this had led to the development of democracy that had greatly deteriorated in Thai society due to the movement of various masses from the democratic political expression. Therefore, the resolution of political conflicts must be organized by the civilian government, not by the military intervention. The coup was thus considered a repeat of the authoritarian regime in politics that had become a major obstacle to the development of ideological democracy in Thai society.
The Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Secience. School of Law Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2019
The1997's constitution of Thailand was called " The Constitution of the people" originated from t... more The1997's constitution of Thailand was called " The Constitution of the people" originated from the demand of political reform after "The Black May". The context of various surrounding condition which happen before and after the declaration of this constitution such as social gaps, economic conditions, the instability of government administration, political crisis with many coups, differences in citizen's education etc. These factors directly affect every classes in Thailand society that was already in inequitable as it is. "Tom-yam-kung crisis" which devastated Thailand economic also play a part in the turmoil in the fringe before the official declaration of people's constitution. The certain occurrences displayed the desperation of every individuals within Thai society.
The Constitution of the people was officially declared in the period of 1997's Tom-yam-kung Crisis and help “ThaiRakThai party” pushed their own populism through "Edible Democracy" slogan. This populism policy helped tremendously increase people's support for “ThairakThai” with the exchange of government aids and the support of grass root class for the party's political stand. This was the opportunity that guaranteed the second terms election of Thairakthai Political Party and created the phenomenon called “parliamentary dictatorship”. The attempt to relief the damages from the time of thairakthai regime was in conform with the realistic approach to populism policy in Thai society. The occurrence analysis could be separated into 5 points, 1) the political crisis which affect the government administration that leads to “black may” political reform 2) The affect of economic crisis in fringe of the declaration of the constitution because of the failure of governance that affects the sustainability of economic that leads to the acceptance of populism policy in grass roots citizens. 3) The transferring of political power through the mechanism of the constitution created "authoritarian parliament" fuels the discontent between the parties without bargaining power in politics and governance. 4) The raised of people's support from practical policy is the reduction of influence of local politicians (as election campaigners in the past) then establish the voting base by the practical policy of the party as a replacement. 5) The different viewpoints of democracy in Thai society. The middle class will vote on the economic development policy but the grassroots will vote for the government that could directly help their citizens.
The Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Secience. School of Law Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2021
The constitutional powers in the history of Thai politics appeared in the country's highest law s... more The constitutional powers in the history of Thai politics appeared in the country's highest law since B.E. 2502-2562 (1959-2019), totaling 6 times/issue, considered that it is the total power was given to the head of the coup and the prime minister to have the permission to order the special order without all of the verification in all cases. The section 44 has been successful in managing conflicts and controlling the political ideological groups in order, But the result found that there were the damage to the Thai people and Thai state in many cases as well. For example, the government's wrong decision about the international private, the order through a series of erroneous decisions made by the junta in a number of cases.
The suggestion and advices about the special ability of the politic to people and group of people could divide in 3 points,
The first one, the power to give the political ability to the specific people and group of people should not write in the constitution in all cases.
The second one, the political management with the special power in crisis case should be under the context of the checking and balance power. The best way is to have the agency and the organization to check and verify the using of special power order as the same of the votes in the parliament followed by the principal of the balance power, in order to avoid the effect to people of Thailand and the long-term country management.
Finally, the third one is about the reformation and control the army by the constitution provision to protect the coup d'etat, because the coup d'etat is the way to get the constitution provision of the political special power in all issue. So, the reformation of the army is the way to control the military under the civil government which is disabled the military to write the constitution that benefit to use the military power in the politic.
The Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Science School of Law Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2022
This academic article aims to study the reform of Thai politics with the driving of the people's ... more This academic article aims to study the reform of Thai politics with the driving of the people's sector until the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2540 was obtained. Furthermore, this academic article also analyzes together with the framework of the movement of class ideology mass groups with different political views in Thai society. It was found that the 1997 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand or “People's Constitution” contained provisions aimed to create a civilian government with efficiency administration in the political system. Later, In the year 2005 “Thai Rak Thai party” was able to win the election decisively and successfully form a one-party government, but it has sparked a movement of the yellow shirts to attack the political ethics of the government leaders which has intensified with various political discourses, For Example, a treasonous government, a corruption government, and a parliamentary dictatorship. After the 2006 coup, there was a rebellion of the Red Shirts who continued to support the Thaksin regime. They felt they were unfairly abused by double standards from the elite and middle-class under the military's support that have overthrew the symbolic leaders of the grassroots class, and heavily eradicated the political network of the Red Shirts as well. Therefore, the colors of the two groups from above is a political battle that aims to protect class benefit in the democratic views that they believed by the consumption of information through the ideological leaders' media strategy. Although, there appears to be a serious conflict over class ideology, but it is considered as an important political lesson that affects to the development of ideological democracy in Thai society.
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Valaya Alongkorn, 2021
This academic article aims to analyze populist approaches by reviewing definitions and related li... more This academic article aims to analyze populist approaches by reviewing definitions and related literature, using the conceptual framework through the perspective of the political context of the class structure in Thai society. It was found that "populism" is a political concept that does not have a complete and clear ideological principle like a general political regime or ideology, be it democracy, socialism, Marxism, or fascism. Moreover, these ideas are the guidelines that influence the beliefs of people even if the leader is changed. The system remains with more concrete principles of practice, and this is different from the populist approach that was created. It is the primary ideology expressed through the ability of a unique individual, or a single political party, to choose a government leader. If it turns out that such a person is out of power, the ideology will immediately become a light ideology. Since institutionalism relies on the individual and not the political system, the populist approach should be a temporary "option" to policy rather than a "norm" for the permanent reduction of social inequality. Because of the lessons learned in countries that used frenzied populist politics, they could cause a condition known as "hyperinflation," which would be an economic disaster. Therefore, the creation of a welfare state is driven by quality taxation, which may be the best answer to reduce the conflict between political ideologies and to reduce the structural class inequality in Thai society.
Journal of Public Administration Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, 2024
This paper examines the imperative of restructuring the governance framework at the Subnational A... more This paper examines the imperative of restructuring the governance framework at the Subnational Administration (SNA) level in Cambodia to enhance responsibility and operational coordination. The purpose of study advocates for a unified administrative structure, driven by the delegation of functions and resources through deconcentration and decentralization by the central government. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research draws on observation and literature review to analyze the current governance practices. The findings highlight that the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has been actively promoting democratic development via decentralization, implementing organic laws for administrative reforms across different levels. The anticipated benefits of this restructuring include improved public service delivery, heightened accountability, better governance, enhanced fiscal decentralization, empowered local authorities, increased community participation, capacity building, and
Journal of Political and Social Agenda, 2023
This article aims to 1) study the process of transferring roles and bureaucratic structures from ... more This article aims to 1) study the process of transferring roles and bureaucratic structures from central government to local governments, and 2) find policy guidelines for solving problems in transferring roles and bureaucratic structures from central government to local governments in the Kingdom of Cambodia. The study is found that 1) decentralization from central government to local government in the Kingdom of Cambodia, it is a decentralization of fiscal, administration and political power to local agencies. However, local governments are unable to decide on certain tasks by themselves or some tasks can decide by themselves and can only decide on certain matters at certain times, 2) the transfer of roles and responsibilities from the central government to municipalities, districts and sub-districts, consisting of 204 municipalities, districts, provinces (Khans) and 1,652 sub-district municipalities (Sangkats). Yet local governments are gradual, not the demolition of the existing bureaucratic structures. But focusing on the transfer of various agencies into an integrated integration, and 3) "National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development" (NCDD) is an agency that receives important missions directly from government to decentralize the Ministry and 18 different institutions to carry out the transfer of the most efficient roles and bureaucratic structures to the local government permanently in the future.
Local Administration Journal (LAJ), 2017
The current study aimed to consider international economic policies influencing the development o... more The current study aimed to consider international economic policies influencing the development of Mukdahan economic development zone in relations to its roles and contexts on ASEAN economic cooperation. For research methodology, the qualitative secondary data were analyzed with reasoning correlations and presented with the narrative technique. The results revealed that Mukdahan province has a number of developmental policies that aim to build a hub for global economic integration. However, in reality, being a center of trade and investment has not materialized. Investors seek for their business opportunities in neighboring provinces, such as Nakhon Phanom, because they have better infrastructures essential for economic growth. Mukdahan has faced multiple problems related the allocation of land properties on the main route, train route services, and the establishment of new airport. A boom in the development of special economic zone is a result of local residents and investors raising their land prices, speculating on short-term profitability rather than building long-term economic stability and improving the province's potential. Theses problems have led to new investors' and entrepreneurs' hesitation to invest in their business ventures, and served as an indicator of the paradox of the special economic zone.
Books by Yutthasart Norkaew
Conference Presentations by Yutthasart Norkaew
การประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 3: “รัฐ ศาสนา วิทยาศาสตร์ นวัตกรรมสังคม : ปราชญ์ราชันย์ พระจอมเกล้า”, 2024
This article aims to explain the definition of “anarchy” from the “state” perspective by analyzin... more This article aims to explain the definition of “anarchy” from the “state” perspective by analyzing such data together with the establishment of the territory of “Rojava”, which was previously a political vacuum after the Syrian government withdrew its army during the civil war caused by the formation of various separatist groups, coupled with the invasion of the terrorist group “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS) that heavily invaded northern and eastern Syria, resulting in the unification of the Kurdish ethnic group by showing their power to resist enemies from all sides until finally they were able to successfully drive the various enemies out of the area, allowing the Kurds to occupy their homeland in practice completely and to govern the citizens in the area in an anarchic society form without centralized state power or influence from outside nation-states interfering. This is considered an interesting way to create a shared socio-political memory space for the Kurdish nation in the sovereign territory of Syria outside the framework of the state concept. In addition, the principles of democracy were introduced to develop it together with the approach of public participation. as well as giving importance to social equality by applying the concept of gender equality in the area until it becomes a part of the development of anarchic political society without a state in the present era.
การประชุมวิชาการระดับชาติด้านมานุษยวิทยาและสังคมวิทยา ครั้งที่ 3 (Thailand 3rd Annual Conference on Anthropology and Sociology) ภายใต้หัวข้อ “ม(า)นุษยะ ในสภาวะพลิกผัน”, 2023
This article aims to explain vulnerable employment that directly affects employees who work in a ... more This article aims to explain vulnerable employment that directly affects employees who work in a “Platform Workers”. For example, Food Delivery Driver (Riders), Highly Skill Worker, Freelance Contractor (Specialist Freelancer), and Independent Product Sellers on Online Platforms (Online Sellers’ Group). That mostly independent workers and do not participate in full-time regular work in both government and private sector organizations, but they decided to choose to pursue an independent career “Part-time employment”. Which does not have a clear timeframe for performing work; more over they focus on giving importance to individual work rather than considering the long-term success of operations. This study is gathered geographical data from various documents, and it is found that " Platform Workers" are still a group of people who receives an unstable compensation depending on satisfaction of the employer and the ability of the employee to perform the job order is the main point. Therefore, these marginalized labor groups is still lack of suitable provision of good welfare from government agencies. Because they are a group of informal workers who cannot clearly check the information database or the source of their occupation. So, this group of workers operates within the gig economy that mean they are not part of a formal employment system, have uncertain and fluctuating incomes, and cannot be tracked by government for income and expenditure.it is straightly puts this group of workers in a fragile employment system with constantly fluctuating incomes. Even though they operate in the same labor market as other groups of workers, online product sellers arguably benefit more from flexibility in tax payments and the gaps in government oversight compared to other platform workers in the welfare-free society. This is because conducting business on online platforms comes with many limitations, such as uncertain income due to changing customer preferences, and handling returns resulting from customer whims. Therefore, the ‘welfare-free society’ in the context of ‘platform workers’ is interpreted widely and directly related to government welfare provisions. For this reason, governments agencies need to come and give them the assist for organize a new state welfare system in order to focus on and respond to the livelihood of this labor group and bring them an equal quality of other labor groups in both government and private sectors in the unity altogether. Therefore, the enactment of labor protection laws for “Platform Workers” is considered to one of the great processes which can help reduces the social inequality in the modern day of “Gig Economy” era where is driven by the digital economy in a fundamental way.
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Papers by Yutthasart Norkaew
the "Constitution" was regularity, rules, regulations, and rules of society that the rulers had set up and enforced in different ways for a long time. Which has been developed continuously until became to distinctive style; as shown in the British “Magna Carta Charter” together with the
creation of a written constitution after the founding of the United States. Later, this system became the mainstream values under the guideline "Constitutionalism" that spread widely, and it is also regarded as one of the important tools of the governance of modern nation-states around
the world. Whether that, the government is in democracy, socialism, communism, authoritarian dictatorship, or any other form. In addition, the constitution provides administrative legitimacy and becomes part of the guarantee of territorial sovereignty for the rulers of international law. It is
considered a compromise of political power which guarantees non-violent conflict. For examples, the case of the signing of documents by the British monarch which negotiates political power with
the nobility in parliament. This is a characteristic of political reform that has resulted in the monarchy be able to maintain their status as the head of state for a long time until the present. Although the nature of the British Constitution is the unwritten law.
developed, improved, and applied within various organizations. The study found
that there should be a process for developing risk management within the
organization regularly to increase organizational management potential under
multiple processes that lead to continuous dynamic risk acceptance. The
consideration of human resource management guidelines must also be taken into
account. This is because the internal resources of each organization are limited.
When considering personnel, budget, materials, equipment, machinery, and
management methods, for this reason, develop human resources by enhancing
knowledge, improving skills and expertise in specific areas, training to adjust ,
attitudes towards work, and focusing on improving employee behavior to create
enthusiasm. Therefore, it is a process of conceptual integration. To concretely
transform into a learning organization, risk management needs to develop a
process model combined with various theories in a comprehensive manner,
which will create sustainable integrated risk management in the organization.
That’s to say, the guidelines for constructing a complete system of the construction of military professionalism leading to a reduction in the role of the Thai armed forces under the control of the civil government need to place reliance on 4 supporting factors that can be summarized as follows:
The first approach is to amend the Constitution and the Act in respect of military conscription. The amendment should be made under Section 50and Sub-Section 5 prescribed as a person who is forced to serve in the armed forces without their voluntary enlistment. Such a clause can be accounted for a deprivation of the basic human rights of Thai citizens embedded in the constitutional provisions. Thus, any constitutional provisions stipulated in the military conscription should be abolished, leading to constructing a complete system of the military professionalism in Thailand as well.
The second approach is to establish a power base for counterbalancing the armed forces by virtue of mobilizing security personnel from the areas of centralized control to the regional areas [of decentralized execution]. It is considered a determinant of future military-led coups and a spectrum of the troops or military staff in competition with a state of preparedness under military chains of command. It also facilitates constructing a complete system of military professionalism without the conscription.
The third approach is to create a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. Both the political and military parties should make a collaborate effort to formulate rules on any new administrative values that shall be explicitly stipulated in the Constitution.This will enable to take strict control of the armed forces in accordance with the military chains of command by virtue of promoting awareness of a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. With this respect, all parties should behave with integrity in the reform of the Thai Armed Forces.
The fourth approach is to reduce the political role of high ranking officers and retired Army generals. The contributory factor of staging the coup in Thailand was mostly driven in support of a group of retired Army generals who used to hold a senior position in Royal military cadet academy. Thus far, they still exercise their political influence from holding higher positions in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the retired people have the roles to play in parliament as senators appointed by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) after the general election in 2019. It is more difficult to construct a complete professional military system and control the army under a civilian government. Since a group of these people has infiltrated into every government organization or agency and continues to support the existence of a large military organization. It is therefore expedient to reduce the political role of a senior military officer by enacting a law rectified in the prohibition of not being a person holding any position in whether private or public agencies as well as organizations
“Syrian Kurdistan” where is one of the territories of “Kurdistan” according to the “Treaty of
Sèvres” whichgavetheKurds theright toestablisha“nationstate,” but this wasnot guaranteed
by ratification by an external “independent state.” Later, the great powers joined together
and sign again in The Treaty of Lausanne that led to the establishment of the “Republic of
Turkey.”That wasunfairlyreplaced and the“Leagueof Nations” divided theterritory“Kurdistan”
into 4 parts according to the “Sykes-Picot Agreement” by distributed within the sovereign
states of Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran until present. Later on, the Kurds jointed together and
formed “PartiyaKarkerenKurdistan”(PKK)and “PartiyaYekîtiya Demokrat”(PYD) insequence,
inorder tothe purposeof maintaining their international political strongholds in bothTurkey
and Syria. However, the “Arab Spring” events brought significant changes to many strategic
and geopolitical areas of the Middle East. In the end, the Kurds in northern and eastern Syria
won a decisive victory. Therefore, the autonomous region “Rojava” was established within
the sovereign state of Syria. By using guidelines “Democracy” is an important milestone in
theadministrationunder theform of government.“Democratic federation” withthefoundation
of sovereignty in the form of an inverted pyramid. Where citizens can freely exercise
democratic power through various local committees without authority from the central
government to control and oversee. This model differs from the governance model of a
“nationstate” whichemphasizesonthefoundationof sovereignty intheform of a“bureaucratic
state” which based on international principles as seen in the global community in general.
In conclusion, the stateless democratic process of “Rojava” represents a form of local governance characterized by a highly autonomous and administratively robust local
organization, surpassing the governance of localities in the form of a “nation-state.”
The Constitution of the people was officially declared in the period of 1997's Tom-yam-kung Crisis and help “ThaiRakThai party” pushed their own populism through "Edible Democracy" slogan. This populism policy helped tremendously increase people's support for “ThairakThai” with the exchange of government aids and the support of grass root class for the party's political stand. This was the opportunity that guaranteed the second terms election of Thairakthai Political Party and created the phenomenon called “parliamentary dictatorship”. The attempt to relief the damages from the time of thairakthai regime was in conform with the realistic approach to populism policy in Thai society. The occurrence analysis could be separated into 5 points, 1) the political crisis which affect the government administration that leads to “black may” political reform 2) The affect of economic crisis in fringe of the declaration of the constitution because of the failure of governance that affects the sustainability of economic that leads to the acceptance of populism policy in grass roots citizens. 3) The transferring of political power through the mechanism of the constitution created "authoritarian parliament" fuels the discontent between the parties without bargaining power in politics and governance. 4) The raised of people's support from practical policy is the reduction of influence of local politicians (as election campaigners in the past) then establish the voting base by the practical policy of the party as a replacement. 5) The different viewpoints of democracy in Thai society. The middle class will vote on the economic development policy but the grassroots will vote for the government that could directly help their citizens.
The suggestion and advices about the special ability of the politic to people and group of people could divide in 3 points,
The first one, the power to give the political ability to the specific people and group of people should not write in the constitution in all cases.
The second one, the political management with the special power in crisis case should be under the context of the checking and balance power. The best way is to have the agency and the organization to check and verify the using of special power order as the same of the votes in the parliament followed by the principal of the balance power, in order to avoid the effect to people of Thailand and the long-term country management.
Finally, the third one is about the reformation and control the army by the constitution provision to protect the coup d'etat, because the coup d'etat is the way to get the constitution provision of the political special power in all issue. So, the reformation of the army is the way to control the military under the civil government which is disabled the military to write the constitution that benefit to use the military power in the politic.
Books by Yutthasart Norkaew
Conference Presentations by Yutthasart Norkaew
the "Constitution" was regularity, rules, regulations, and rules of society that the rulers had set up and enforced in different ways for a long time. Which has been developed continuously until became to distinctive style; as shown in the British “Magna Carta Charter” together with the
creation of a written constitution after the founding of the United States. Later, this system became the mainstream values under the guideline "Constitutionalism" that spread widely, and it is also regarded as one of the important tools of the governance of modern nation-states around
the world. Whether that, the government is in democracy, socialism, communism, authoritarian dictatorship, or any other form. In addition, the constitution provides administrative legitimacy and becomes part of the guarantee of territorial sovereignty for the rulers of international law. It is
considered a compromise of political power which guarantees non-violent conflict. For examples, the case of the signing of documents by the British monarch which negotiates political power with
the nobility in parliament. This is a characteristic of political reform that has resulted in the monarchy be able to maintain their status as the head of state for a long time until the present. Although the nature of the British Constitution is the unwritten law.
developed, improved, and applied within various organizations. The study found
that there should be a process for developing risk management within the
organization regularly to increase organizational management potential under
multiple processes that lead to continuous dynamic risk acceptance. The
consideration of human resource management guidelines must also be taken into
account. This is because the internal resources of each organization are limited.
When considering personnel, budget, materials, equipment, machinery, and
management methods, for this reason, develop human resources by enhancing
knowledge, improving skills and expertise in specific areas, training to adjust ,
attitudes towards work, and focusing on improving employee behavior to create
enthusiasm. Therefore, it is a process of conceptual integration. To concretely
transform into a learning organization, risk management needs to develop a
process model combined with various theories in a comprehensive manner,
which will create sustainable integrated risk management in the organization.
That’s to say, the guidelines for constructing a complete system of the construction of military professionalism leading to a reduction in the role of the Thai armed forces under the control of the civil government need to place reliance on 4 supporting factors that can be summarized as follows:
The first approach is to amend the Constitution and the Act in respect of military conscription. The amendment should be made under Section 50and Sub-Section 5 prescribed as a person who is forced to serve in the armed forces without their voluntary enlistment. Such a clause can be accounted for a deprivation of the basic human rights of Thai citizens embedded in the constitutional provisions. Thus, any constitutional provisions stipulated in the military conscription should be abolished, leading to constructing a complete system of the military professionalism in Thailand as well.
The second approach is to establish a power base for counterbalancing the armed forces by virtue of mobilizing security personnel from the areas of centralized control to the regional areas [of decentralized execution]. It is considered a determinant of future military-led coups and a spectrum of the troops or military staff in competition with a state of preparedness under military chains of command. It also facilitates constructing a complete system of military professionalism without the conscription.
The third approach is to create a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. Both the political and military parties should make a collaborate effort to formulate rules on any new administrative values that shall be explicitly stipulated in the Constitution.This will enable to take strict control of the armed forces in accordance with the military chains of command by virtue of promoting awareness of a political culture of civilian sector over military influence. With this respect, all parties should behave with integrity in the reform of the Thai Armed Forces.
The fourth approach is to reduce the political role of high ranking officers and retired Army generals. The contributory factor of staging the coup in Thailand was mostly driven in support of a group of retired Army generals who used to hold a senior position in Royal military cadet academy. Thus far, they still exercise their political influence from holding higher positions in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the retired people have the roles to play in parliament as senators appointed by the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) after the general election in 2019. It is more difficult to construct a complete professional military system and control the army under a civilian government. Since a group of these people has infiltrated into every government organization or agency and continues to support the existence of a large military organization. It is therefore expedient to reduce the political role of a senior military officer by enacting a law rectified in the prohibition of not being a person holding any position in whether private or public agencies as well as organizations
“Syrian Kurdistan” where is one of the territories of “Kurdistan” according to the “Treaty of
Sèvres” whichgavetheKurds theright toestablisha“nationstate,” but this wasnot guaranteed
by ratification by an external “independent state.” Later, the great powers joined together
and sign again in The Treaty of Lausanne that led to the establishment of the “Republic of
Turkey.”That wasunfairlyreplaced and the“Leagueof Nations” divided theterritory“Kurdistan”
into 4 parts according to the “Sykes-Picot Agreement” by distributed within the sovereign
states of Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran until present. Later on, the Kurds jointed together and
formed “PartiyaKarkerenKurdistan”(PKK)and “PartiyaYekîtiya Demokrat”(PYD) insequence,
inorder tothe purposeof maintaining their international political strongholds in bothTurkey
and Syria. However, the “Arab Spring” events brought significant changes to many strategic
and geopolitical areas of the Middle East. In the end, the Kurds in northern and eastern Syria
won a decisive victory. Therefore, the autonomous region “Rojava” was established within
the sovereign state of Syria. By using guidelines “Democracy” is an important milestone in
theadministrationunder theform of government.“Democratic federation” withthefoundation
of sovereignty in the form of an inverted pyramid. Where citizens can freely exercise
democratic power through various local committees without authority from the central
government to control and oversee. This model differs from the governance model of a
“nationstate” whichemphasizesonthefoundationof sovereignty intheform of a“bureaucratic
state” which based on international principles as seen in the global community in general.
In conclusion, the stateless democratic process of “Rojava” represents a form of local governance characterized by a highly autonomous and administratively robust local
organization, surpassing the governance of localities in the form of a “nation-state.”
The Constitution of the people was officially declared in the period of 1997's Tom-yam-kung Crisis and help “ThaiRakThai party” pushed their own populism through "Edible Democracy" slogan. This populism policy helped tremendously increase people's support for “ThairakThai” with the exchange of government aids and the support of grass root class for the party's political stand. This was the opportunity that guaranteed the second terms election of Thairakthai Political Party and created the phenomenon called “parliamentary dictatorship”. The attempt to relief the damages from the time of thairakthai regime was in conform with the realistic approach to populism policy in Thai society. The occurrence analysis could be separated into 5 points, 1) the political crisis which affect the government administration that leads to “black may” political reform 2) The affect of economic crisis in fringe of the declaration of the constitution because of the failure of governance that affects the sustainability of economic that leads to the acceptance of populism policy in grass roots citizens. 3) The transferring of political power through the mechanism of the constitution created "authoritarian parliament" fuels the discontent between the parties without bargaining power in politics and governance. 4) The raised of people's support from practical policy is the reduction of influence of local politicians (as election campaigners in the past) then establish the voting base by the practical policy of the party as a replacement. 5) The different viewpoints of democracy in Thai society. The middle class will vote on the economic development policy but the grassroots will vote for the government that could directly help their citizens.
The suggestion and advices about the special ability of the politic to people and group of people could divide in 3 points,
The first one, the power to give the political ability to the specific people and group of people should not write in the constitution in all cases.
The second one, the political management with the special power in crisis case should be under the context of the checking and balance power. The best way is to have the agency and the organization to check and verify the using of special power order as the same of the votes in the parliament followed by the principal of the balance power, in order to avoid the effect to people of Thailand and the long-term country management.
Finally, the third one is about the reformation and control the army by the constitution provision to protect the coup d'etat, because the coup d'etat is the way to get the constitution provision of the political special power in all issue. So, the reformation of the army is the way to control the military under the civil government which is disabled the military to write the constitution that benefit to use the military power in the politic.
The study result revealed that an important role is building up strong relationship among the triplet provinces;
Mukdahan, Savannakhét and QuangTri; to increasing the value of border trade. The operation has been divided into five
issues; language training, infrastructure development, annual boat race, IT center establishment and OTOP Center
founding. In term of issues, we found seven problems in this research include with lacking of the local administrator’s
vision, insufficient budgets, crimes, lacking of the project continuity, disorganized management, lacking of the specialists
and the insufficiency of staff. Moreover, the seven suggestions from specialists comprise of an attitude adjustment, budget
preparing, performance integration, the promotion of occupational programs, staff training, budget allocation for AEC
projects and building up a co-operation network with a higher organization level.