The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in... more The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in the south and the Sahel in the north. It exhibits a well marked wet season and a dry season. The hot dry season begins about the middle of October to about late March, when the North Easterly (NE) winds from the Sahel dominate the climate pattern. Between April and mid October, the climate is dominated by the rain bearing South Westerly (SW) winds from the Atlantic. Consequently, the aerosol loading of the atmosphere vary between these seasons, hence revealing the local contributors to the aerosol load of the atmosphere from one year to another. In this work, aerosols load of the savannah region of Nigeria was studied by graphically analyzing a ten year (2005-2014) AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data of Ilorin. The Shaping Constant of the AOD was determined to classify the prevalent aerosol in the region and hence determine the contributors to the aerosol load while the level of aerosol concentration in the region was also determined by the Scaling Constant of the AOD to infer the level of aerosol load in the region. The study revealed that aerosol loading of the atmosphere in the savannah region of Nigeria is characterized by maximum load towards the end of the dry harmattan season especially in the month of March with very large (coarse) particles and minimum aerosol load during the peak of raining season in the month of August with very small (fine) particle size. It was therefore, recommended that Human activities that expose the top soil to wind erosion such as bush burning, open grazing and felling of trees for fuel wood should be controlled through legislation and social work such as tree planting
The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in... more The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in the south and the Sahel in the north. It exhibits a well marked wet season and a dry season. The hot dry season begins about the middle of October to about late March, when the North Easterly (NE) winds from the Sahel dominate the climate pattern. Between April and mid October, the climate is dominated by the rain bearing South Westerly (SW) winds from the Atlantic. Consequently, the aerosol loading of the atmosphere vary between these seasons, hence revealing the local contributors to the aerosol load of the atmosphere from one year to another. In this work, aerosols load of the savannah region of Nigeria was studied by graphically analyzing a ten year (2005-2014) AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data of Ilorin. The Shaping Constant of the AOD was determined to classify the prevalent aerosol in the region and hence determine the contributors to the aerosol load while the level of aerosol concentration in the region was also determined by the Scaling Constant of the AOD to infer the level of aerosol load in the region. The study revealed that aerosol loading of the atmosphere in the savannah region of Nigeria is characterized by maximum load towards the end of the dry harmattan season especially in the month of March with very large (coarse) particles and minimum aerosol load during the peak of raining season in the month of August with very small (fine) particle size. It was therefore, recommended that Human activities that expose the top soil to wind erosion such as bush burning, open grazing and felling of trees for fuel wood should be controlled through legislation and social work such as tree planting
Microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) are significant in a extensive range of civil and military a... more Microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) are significant in a extensive range of civil and military applications, including national defense security, healthcare, electronic reliability, and anti-radar detection of war fighters, as information technology advances quickly, and recent years have seen an explosion in the investigation of nanomaterials for use in microwave absorption applications. Therefore, the creation of high-performance MAMs with thin thickness, low density, wide bandwidth, and robust absorption has attracted a lot of attention. MAMs nanocomposites are also used to make radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) for stealth aircraft. By combining RAMs with geometry, stealth technology (ST) reduces the reflection of electromagnetic waves back to a radar system. In this article, we discuss the fundamental theory, components, and mechanism of electromagnetic microwave absorption. It will be detailed how to improve the microwave absorbent materials' (MAMs') absorption characteristics. Metal-based composites often show significant efficacy in achieving desired magnetic and dielectric properties. This article gives a full look at the theory behind a few specific microwave absorbers made of ferrites and carbon-based composites with their method of preparation. Additionally, the classifications of microwave absorbers according to significant factors that influence the substance's basic microwave absorption characteristics are addressed. The effects of high-potential applications in microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) with thin thicknesses were also investigated. Additionally, this work offers a thorough overview of research on several microwave-absorbing materials and their basic microwave-absorbing processes, as well as dielectric loss, magnetic loss, dielectric/magnetic loss coupling, absorption bandwidth, and nanomaterial reflection loss (RL) values.
Broad bandwidth electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are persistently desired due to their massive... more Broad bandwidth electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are persistently desired due to their massive applications in many fields. This paper reports the development of ultra-wide bandwidth microwaves, with the enhanced microwave absorption of thin-thickness absorbers. The design of RAMs requires a structure composed of magnetic-dielectric elements, meta-materials, and large impedance matching. This paper highlights the strategic approach to obtain the ultrawide, thin, and high impedance matching of the absorber. The Spinel-ferrite Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 (SF), Spinel ferrite doped calcium titanium oxide, Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 @CTO (SF@CTO), and Spinel ferrite doped calcium-copper titanate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5-Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 @CaTiO 3 @MWCNT (SF@CTO@MWCNT) nanocomposites absorbers were reported. The spinel ferrite and calcium copper titanite were synthesized via a co-precipitation method, and hydrothermally with the MWCNT by acid functionalization process. The effectiveness of microwave absorbing the samples was measured using a vector network analyzer with sample thicknesses of 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 3.0 mm, in the frequency range of 8.0 to 12.0 GHz. The highest reflection loss (RL) of − 33.3 dB at 9.6 GHz was anticipated using the complex permittivity and permeability characteristics. Interfacial electric polarisation, electromagnetic impedance matching, as well as the numerous scattering network structure of SF@CTO@MWCNT nanocomposites, are all credited with effective ultra-wide bandwidth microwave absorption. This report is important for paving future work in obtaining a desired thin and ultra-wide bandwidth absorber.
In this work, co-precipitation was used to synthesize Ni 1− x La x Fe 2− x Cs x O 4 (x = 0.1, 0.2... more In this work, co-precipitation was used to synthesize Ni 1− x La x Fe 2− x Cs x O 4 (x = 0.1, 0.2) ferrite ceramic nanoparticles. Based on structural analyses, it can be shown that the nanoscale particles exhibit a single-phase cubic spinel structure and visible particle aggregation. The lattice parameters that are computed using the suggested cation distribution exhibit a strong correlation with the reported values. FESEM and HRTEM surface morphology investigations reveal somewhat aggregated, spherically-shaped nanoparticles. The analysis of EDX verifies the anticipated stoichiometry. The materials' soft magnetic behavior is demonstrated by the VSM study's saturation magnetization (M s). Magnetic coercivity, retentivity, and saturation magnetization all increased with increasing La 3+ ion concentration. In addition, the magnetic quality factor (Q) improved, the saturation magnetization (M s) increased from 72.937 to 77.691 emu/g, and the coercivity (H c) increased from 94.256 to 98.521 Oe. More significantly, for the La 3+-substituted ferrite samples, the resonance frequency rose in concordance with the La 3+ ion concentration. In general, the substitution of rare earth La 3+ ions for Ni-Cs ferrite expands the applications of ferrite ceramics in radio frequency and microwave devices. This allows these materials to be used for highfrequency electronics, efficient electromagnets, magnetic data storage, and magnetic field sensing.
European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2022
The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are ... more The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are influenced by different geological factors. Groundwater is never chemically pure; dissolution of substances takes place in the course of its percolation through the rocks leading to its acquisition of some of their chemical constituents. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the suitability of groundwater for domestic and industrial usage. Four samples were collected from boreholes and six from hand dug wells. Samples were analyzed chemically by using the DR/2010 Spectrophotometer and Digital Titrator while physical parameters where determine using the pH meter, and TDS meter. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity results range from 4.24 m/day to 72.63 m/day and 23.84 m2/day to 964.0 m2/day. The geochemical result obtained from the analysis of 10 water samples in the study area with an average values pH 6.82. Temp. 310C, colour (TCU) 1.00, Turbidity 1.2, Conductivity 174.5...
An investigation of groundwater potential using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and adopting t... more An investigation of groundwater potential using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and adopting the Schlumberger configuration with a maximum electrode spread of 100 m have been carried out in Kaltungo and environs. This was carried out with the aimed at evaluating geo-electrical parameters for the exploration of groundwater using the Omega Resistivity Meter. Thirty VES points were conducted across the study area. Data collected was analysed using Interpex IX1-D software. The analysed result reveals four distinctive curve types which are H-type 80%; A-type 6.7%; Q-type 10% and K-type 3.3%. Iso - resistivity maps revealed a major anomaly found at the eastern part of the study area which correspond with the 3-D model and indicate hard resistive rocks. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the area is underlain by three geo-electric layers, top lateritic soil, weathered/fractured and fresh basement. The first layer has a resistivity value of 23 to 1679 Ωm and a thickness tha...
International Journal of Technical Research & Science
This investigation present the result of geophysical study carried out at Garin Mallum in Taraba ... more This investigation present the result of geophysical study carried out at Garin Mallum in Taraba State. The aim of the investigation is to determine the groundwater potentials of the area for the location of two productive hand pump boreholes for the community. Electromagnetic and Vertical electrical sounding method were used for the investigation using DDC-2B and YDD-B Terrameter respectively. Three geoelectrical layers were identified from the geo-electric characteristics of the area. The groundwater potentials of the area have been inferred based on the obtained geoelectric response. VES 1 and VES 3 are considered to have the highest water bearing potentials within the area surveyed. They are therefore consequently recommended for the location of the hand pump boreholes.
publication browsers, TVs. Each of these platforms has specific requirements with respect to tran... more publication browsers, TVs. Each of these platforms has specific requirements with respect to transmission and video quality. Moreover, the environment within which most of the video streaming clients operate is both unreliable and varies over time. However, regardless of the access device, users want the best viewing experience possible. HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is the most successful technology so far that allows content providers to cater for the requirements of the multitude of devices and contexts. The process through which a HAS client chooses a video rate is called adaptive bitrate selection (ABR). The first generation of ABRs relied on throughput estimation and selected the highest video rate lower than the measured throughput [14]. This is based on the work of Wang et al. [22] that showed if the available TCP throughput is twice the bitrate of the video plus a few seconds of start-up delay TCP can ensure an acceptable video streaming experience. It later became clear that throughput estimation alone is not a sufficient parameter for designing efficient ABR since an accurate bandwidth estimation above the HTTP layer is difficult to achieve [6]. Consequently, any video rate selection algorithm that solely depends on such a relatively inaccurate estimate results in unnecessary rebuffering events [7], an undesirable variability of video rate [6] and sub-optimal video quality [6]. Various attempts have been made to improve some of the identified issues of throughput-based ABRs by supplementing throughput measurements with information about the playback buffer [1, 10, 21]. Using buffer occupancy as a factor in video rate selection has developed from regarding buffer state changes as a complementary factor in making a rate selection decision [10, 21] to employing it as the sole metric [7, 8]. Though, whatever factor an ABR primarily relies on, it is difficult to build an ABR that maximises Quality of Experience (QoE) without taking buffer state changes into consideration.
The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in... more The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in the south and the Sahel in the north. It exhibits a well marked wet season and a dry season. The hot dry season begins about the middle of October to about late March, when the North Easterly (NE) winds from the Sahel dominate the climate pattern. Between April and mid October, the climate is dominated by the rain bearing South Westerly (SW) winds from the Atlantic. Consequently, the aerosol loading of the atmosphere vary between these seasons, hence revealing the local contributors to the aerosol load of the atmosphere from one year to another. In this work, aerosols load of the savannah region of Nigeria was studied by graphically analyzing a ten year (2005-2014) AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data of Ilorin. The Shaping Constant of the AOD was determined to classify the prevalent aerosol in the region and hence determine the contributors to the aerosol load while the level of aerosol concentration in the region was also determined by the Scaling Constant of the AOD to infer the level of aerosol load in the region. The study revealed that aerosol loading of the atmosphere in the savannah region of Nigeria is characterized by maximum load towards the end of the dry harmattan season especially in the month of March with very large (coarse) particles and minimum aerosol load during the peak of raining season in the month of August with very small (fine) particle size. It was therefore, recommended that Human activities that expose the top soil to wind erosion such as bush burning, open grazing and felling of trees for fuel wood should be controlled through legislation and social work such as tree planting
The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in... more The climate of the savannah belt of Nigeria is a transition between the equatorial rain forest in the south and the Sahel in the north. It exhibits a well marked wet season and a dry season. The hot dry season begins about the middle of October to about late March, when the North Easterly (NE) winds from the Sahel dominate the climate pattern. Between April and mid October, the climate is dominated by the rain bearing South Westerly (SW) winds from the Atlantic. Consequently, the aerosol loading of the atmosphere vary between these seasons, hence revealing the local contributors to the aerosol load of the atmosphere from one year to another. In this work, aerosols load of the savannah region of Nigeria was studied by graphically analyzing a ten year (2005-2014) AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data of Ilorin. The Shaping Constant of the AOD was determined to classify the prevalent aerosol in the region and hence determine the contributors to the aerosol load while the level of aerosol concentration in the region was also determined by the Scaling Constant of the AOD to infer the level of aerosol load in the region. The study revealed that aerosol loading of the atmosphere in the savannah region of Nigeria is characterized by maximum load towards the end of the dry harmattan season especially in the month of March with very large (coarse) particles and minimum aerosol load during the peak of raining season in the month of August with very small (fine) particle size. It was therefore, recommended that Human activities that expose the top soil to wind erosion such as bush burning, open grazing and felling of trees for fuel wood should be controlled through legislation and social work such as tree planting
Microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) are significant in a extensive range of civil and military a... more Microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) are significant in a extensive range of civil and military applications, including national defense security, healthcare, electronic reliability, and anti-radar detection of war fighters, as information technology advances quickly, and recent years have seen an explosion in the investigation of nanomaterials for use in microwave absorption applications. Therefore, the creation of high-performance MAMs with thin thickness, low density, wide bandwidth, and robust absorption has attracted a lot of attention. MAMs nanocomposites are also used to make radar-absorbing materials (RAMs) for stealth aircraft. By combining RAMs with geometry, stealth technology (ST) reduces the reflection of electromagnetic waves back to a radar system. In this article, we discuss the fundamental theory, components, and mechanism of electromagnetic microwave absorption. It will be detailed how to improve the microwave absorbent materials' (MAMs') absorption characteristics. Metal-based composites often show significant efficacy in achieving desired magnetic and dielectric properties. This article gives a full look at the theory behind a few specific microwave absorbers made of ferrites and carbon-based composites with their method of preparation. Additionally, the classifications of microwave absorbers according to significant factors that influence the substance's basic microwave absorption characteristics are addressed. The effects of high-potential applications in microwave absorbent materials (MAMs) with thin thicknesses were also investigated. Additionally, this work offers a thorough overview of research on several microwave-absorbing materials and their basic microwave-absorbing processes, as well as dielectric loss, magnetic loss, dielectric/magnetic loss coupling, absorption bandwidth, and nanomaterial reflection loss (RL) values.
Broad bandwidth electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are persistently desired due to their massive... more Broad bandwidth electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are persistently desired due to their massive applications in many fields. This paper reports the development of ultra-wide bandwidth microwaves, with the enhanced microwave absorption of thin-thickness absorbers. The design of RAMs requires a structure composed of magnetic-dielectric elements, meta-materials, and large impedance matching. This paper highlights the strategic approach to obtain the ultrawide, thin, and high impedance matching of the absorber. The Spinel-ferrite Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 (SF), Spinel ferrite doped calcium titanium oxide, Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 @CTO (SF@CTO), and Spinel ferrite doped calcium-copper titanate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5-Fe 1.9 Mn 0.1 O 4 @CaTiO 3 @MWCNT (SF@CTO@MWCNT) nanocomposites absorbers were reported. The spinel ferrite and calcium copper titanite were synthesized via a co-precipitation method, and hydrothermally with the MWCNT by acid functionalization process. The effectiveness of microwave absorbing the samples was measured using a vector network analyzer with sample thicknesses of 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 3.0 mm, in the frequency range of 8.0 to 12.0 GHz. The highest reflection loss (RL) of − 33.3 dB at 9.6 GHz was anticipated using the complex permittivity and permeability characteristics. Interfacial electric polarisation, electromagnetic impedance matching, as well as the numerous scattering network structure of SF@CTO@MWCNT nanocomposites, are all credited with effective ultra-wide bandwidth microwave absorption. This report is important for paving future work in obtaining a desired thin and ultra-wide bandwidth absorber.
In this work, co-precipitation was used to synthesize Ni 1− x La x Fe 2− x Cs x O 4 (x = 0.1, 0.2... more In this work, co-precipitation was used to synthesize Ni 1− x La x Fe 2− x Cs x O 4 (x = 0.1, 0.2) ferrite ceramic nanoparticles. Based on structural analyses, it can be shown that the nanoscale particles exhibit a single-phase cubic spinel structure and visible particle aggregation. The lattice parameters that are computed using the suggested cation distribution exhibit a strong correlation with the reported values. FESEM and HRTEM surface morphology investigations reveal somewhat aggregated, spherically-shaped nanoparticles. The analysis of EDX verifies the anticipated stoichiometry. The materials' soft magnetic behavior is demonstrated by the VSM study's saturation magnetization (M s). Magnetic coercivity, retentivity, and saturation magnetization all increased with increasing La 3+ ion concentration. In addition, the magnetic quality factor (Q) improved, the saturation magnetization (M s) increased from 72.937 to 77.691 emu/g, and the coercivity (H c) increased from 94.256 to 98.521 Oe. More significantly, for the La 3+-substituted ferrite samples, the resonance frequency rose in concordance with the La 3+ ion concentration. In general, the substitution of rare earth La 3+ ions for Ni-Cs ferrite expands the applications of ferrite ceramics in radio frequency and microwave devices. This allows these materials to be used for highfrequency electronics, efficient electromagnets, magnetic data storage, and magnetic field sensing.
European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2022
The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are ... more The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are influenced by different geological factors. Groundwater is never chemically pure; dissolution of substances takes place in the course of its percolation through the rocks leading to its acquisition of some of their chemical constituents. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the suitability of groundwater for domestic and industrial usage. Four samples were collected from boreholes and six from hand dug wells. Samples were analyzed chemically by using the DR/2010 Spectrophotometer and Digital Titrator while physical parameters where determine using the pH meter, and TDS meter. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity results range from 4.24 m/day to 72.63 m/day and 23.84 m2/day to 964.0 m2/day. The geochemical result obtained from the analysis of 10 water samples in the study area with an average values pH 6.82. Temp. 310C, colour (TCU) 1.00, Turbidity 1.2, Conductivity 174.5...
An investigation of groundwater potential using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and adopting t... more An investigation of groundwater potential using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and adopting the Schlumberger configuration with a maximum electrode spread of 100 m have been carried out in Kaltungo and environs. This was carried out with the aimed at evaluating geo-electrical parameters for the exploration of groundwater using the Omega Resistivity Meter. Thirty VES points were conducted across the study area. Data collected was analysed using Interpex IX1-D software. The analysed result reveals four distinctive curve types which are H-type 80%; A-type 6.7%; Q-type 10% and K-type 3.3%. Iso - resistivity maps revealed a major anomaly found at the eastern part of the study area which correspond with the 3-D model and indicate hard resistive rocks. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the area is underlain by three geo-electric layers, top lateritic soil, weathered/fractured and fresh basement. The first layer has a resistivity value of 23 to 1679 Ωm and a thickness tha...
International Journal of Technical Research & Science
This investigation present the result of geophysical study carried out at Garin Mallum in Taraba ... more This investigation present the result of geophysical study carried out at Garin Mallum in Taraba State. The aim of the investigation is to determine the groundwater potentials of the area for the location of two productive hand pump boreholes for the community. Electromagnetic and Vertical electrical sounding method were used for the investigation using DDC-2B and YDD-B Terrameter respectively. Three geoelectrical layers were identified from the geo-electric characteristics of the area. The groundwater potentials of the area have been inferred based on the obtained geoelectric response. VES 1 and VES 3 are considered to have the highest water bearing potentials within the area surveyed. They are therefore consequently recommended for the location of the hand pump boreholes.
publication browsers, TVs. Each of these platforms has specific requirements with respect to tran... more publication browsers, TVs. Each of these platforms has specific requirements with respect to transmission and video quality. Moreover, the environment within which most of the video streaming clients operate is both unreliable and varies over time. However, regardless of the access device, users want the best viewing experience possible. HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is the most successful technology so far that allows content providers to cater for the requirements of the multitude of devices and contexts. The process through which a HAS client chooses a video rate is called adaptive bitrate selection (ABR). The first generation of ABRs relied on throughput estimation and selected the highest video rate lower than the measured throughput [14]. This is based on the work of Wang et al. [22] that showed if the available TCP throughput is twice the bitrate of the video plus a few seconds of start-up delay TCP can ensure an acceptable video streaming experience. It later became clear that throughput estimation alone is not a sufficient parameter for designing efficient ABR since an accurate bandwidth estimation above the HTTP layer is difficult to achieve [6]. Consequently, any video rate selection algorithm that solely depends on such a relatively inaccurate estimate results in unnecessary rebuffering events [7], an undesirable variability of video rate [6] and sub-optimal video quality [6]. Various attempts have been made to improve some of the identified issues of throughput-based ABRs by supplementing throughput measurements with information about the playback buffer [1, 10, 21]. Using buffer occupancy as a factor in video rate selection has developed from regarding buffer state changes as a complementary factor in making a rate selection decision [10, 21] to employing it as the sole metric [7, 8]. Though, whatever factor an ABR primarily relies on, it is difficult to build an ABR that maximises Quality of Experience (QoE) without taking buffer state changes into consideration.
Uploads
Papers by Yusuf Sani