An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implem... more An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implementation parameters is presented. The methods of primary screening that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from certain cancers, as well as the reasons for the lack of screening programs in relation to some of them, are listed. The existing screening programs and their main characteristics are considered, and examples of using economic analysis to change screening programs are given. It is noted that in countries even with a large coverage, for example, in the United States and Germany, there is no single national register of screening, and the invitation system does not have a population-based nature. Although the large coverage and development of health systems in these countries allows for the positive effects of opportunistic screening, its effectiveness is lower than in countries with organized programs, and the costs are higher.
We show the reporting heterogeneity bias into all 7 domains of health using the anchoring vignett... more We show the reporting heterogeneity bias into all 7 domains of health using the anchoring vignettes approach with the hierarchical ordered probit model. The paper uses the data of the Russian sample of the first wave of the global survey SAGE provided by the World Health Organization Study. The heterogeneity bias correction has changed the significance level of education level, permanent income, rural/ urban living, and marital status.
The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), created in 1992 and directed by Brigid La... more The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), created in 1992 and directed by Brigid Laffan since September 2013, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research and to promote work on the major issues facing the process of integration and European society. The Centre is home to a large post-doctoral programme and hosts major research programmes and projects, and a range of working groups and ad hoc initiatives. The research agenda is organised around a set of core themes and is continuously evolving, reflecting the changing agenda of European integration and the expanding membership of the European Union.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has confronted public health systems and world economies with serio... more The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has confronted public health systems and world economies with serious challenges. Faced with the same disease, countries responded to the threat differently depending on their social, demographic and geographic characteristics. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, international guidances and other sources of information about infection prevention and control, this article systematizes knowledge about containment strategies developed before the current pandemic, describes challenges posed by the coronavirus outbreak and highlights solutions. Specifically, the article describes the timing and order of the introduced measures, considerations for lifting the restrictions and the impact of different containment strategies on the spread of the infection, society and economy.
Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) describes the relationship between the economic growth and the ... more Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) describes the relationship between the economic growth and the environmental degradation. Some researchers assume that this nexus may be influenced by international trade. In this paper we estimated EKC for carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for 15 countries of the former Soviet Union spanning the period 1990-2011. We revealed positive dependence of the carbon dioxide emissions on export. We also found that foreign direct investment does not affect air pollution.
The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian econ... more The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian economic development using the LAM-3 methodology. LAM-3 is the most recent version of the Long-run Adjustment Model that is used for quarter-to-quarter modeling and forecasting to show the economic development of countries in Eastern Europe. The principles upon the LAM-3 models are built and the problems associated with the model-building processes are discussed. The models are used to depict the Russian and Belorussian economies in transition. The article describes the GIRAF software developed to be used in the LAM-3 series models and to assess the level of accuracy of the forecasts made for the economies of Russia and Belorussia
This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution... more This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution among Russian regions based on the concept of Environmental Kuznets Curve. It shows how income inequality, growth of GRP and structure of regional economy affect emissions of three pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. We estimate a panel data model using the Russian Statistical Agency's data for Russian regions in the period 2000-2013. It is shown that the majority of regions in Russia have not reached a turning point when economic growth leads to decrease in pollution. Growth of the non-manufacturing sector of GRP has either no statistically significant effect on the change in emissions or its impact is ambiguous. The increase in the level of economic inequality in the region is characterized by the decrease in emissions.
The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian econ... more The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian economic development using the LAM-3 methodology. LAM-3 is the most recent version of the Long-run Adjustment Model that is used for quarter-to-quarter modeling and forecasting to show the economic development of countries in Eastern Europe. The principles upon the LAM-3 models are built and the problems associated with the model-building processes are discussed. The models are used to depict the Russian and Belorussian economies in transition. The article describes the GIRAF software developed to be used in the LAM-3 series models and to assess the level of accuracy of the forecasts made for the economies of Russia and Belorussia
The paper describes an inter-country model developed on the New Keynesian Phillips curve principl... more The paper describes an inter-country model developed on the New Keynesian Phillips curve principle for the economies of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Technically the modelling idea has been grounded within the concept of the infinite dimensional vector autoregressive models by Chudik and Pesaran [Chudik A., Pesara M.H., 2007. Infinite-dimensional VAR's and factor models. IZA; DP No. 3206]. The main developments are such that the model is 1) interdependent rather than vector autoregressive, 2) estimated by the generalised method of moments and 3) forward-looking. The primary linkage of the country models is provided through the real effective exchange rates of particular countries, while the secondary linkages are through the Chudik and Pesaran cross-sectional augmentations. A series of Monte Carlo experiments confirms that the small cross-dimension of the model and a possible dominance of one country in the panel (Russia) should not distort the results in a significant way. A series of stochastic simulation experiments made with and without the assumption of observational equivalence principle shows a possible spread of the Dutch Disease from Russia to other countries in the model.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union experien... more In the 1960s and 1970s, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union experienced an unanticipated stagnation in the process of mortality reduction that was accelerating in the west. This was followed by even starker fluctuations and overall declines in life expectancy during the 1980s and 1990s. We identify statistically the extent to which, since the 1990s, the countries of the post-communist region have converged as a group towards other regional or cross-regional geopolitical blocks, or whether there are now multiple steady-states ('convergence clubs') emerging among these countries. We apply a complex convergence club methodology, including a recursive analysis, to data on 30 OECD countries (including 11 post-communist countries) drawn from the Human Mortality Database and spanning the period 1959-2010. We find that, rather than converging uniformly on western life expectancy levels, the post-communist countries have diverged into multiple clubs, with the lowest seemingly stuck in low-level equilibria, while the best performers (e.g. Czech Republic) show signs of catching-up with the leading OECD countries. As the post-communist period has progressed, the group of transition countries themselves has become more heterogeneous and it is noticeable that distinctive gender and age patterns have emerged. We are the first to employ an empirical convergence club methodology to help understand the complex long-run patterns of life expectancy within the post-communist region, one of very few papers to situate such an analysis in the context of the OECD countries, and one of relatively few to interpret the dynamics over the long-term.
BackgroundEstimates from initial SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys were likely to be biased due to c... more BackgroundEstimates from initial SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys were likely to be biased due to convenience sampling whereas large-scale population-based serosurveys could be biased due to non-response. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saint Petersburg, Russia accounting for non-response bias.MethodsWe recruited a random sample of adults residing in St. Petersburg with random digit dialling. Computer-assisted telephone interview was followed by an invitation for an antibody test with randomized rewards for participation. Blood samples collected between May 27, 2020 and June 26, 2020 were assessed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two tests — CMIA and ELISA. The seroprevalence estimates were corrected for non-response bias, test sensitivity, and specificity. Individual characteristics associated with seropositivity were assessed.Findings66,250 individuals were contacted, 6,440 adults agreed to be interviewed and were invited to participate ...
An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implem... more An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implementation parameters is presented. The methods of primary screening that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from certain cancers, as well as the reasons for the lack of screening programs in relation to some of them, are listed. The existing screening programs and their main characteristics are considered, and examples of using economic analysis to change screening programs are given. It is noted that in countries even with a large coverage, for example, in the United States and Germany, there is no single national register of screening, and the invitation system does not have a population-based nature. Although the large coverage and development of health systems in these countries allows for the positive effects of opportunistic screening, its effectiveness is lower than in countries with organized programs, and the costs are higher.
We show the reporting heterogeneity bias into all 7 domains of health using the anchoring vignett... more We show the reporting heterogeneity bias into all 7 domains of health using the anchoring vignettes approach with the hierarchical ordered probit model. The paper uses the data of the Russian sample of the first wave of the global survey SAGE provided by the World Health Organization Study. The heterogeneity bias correction has changed the significance level of education level, permanent income, rural/ urban living, and marital status.
The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), created in 1992 and directed by Brigid La... more The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), created in 1992 and directed by Brigid Laffan since September 2013, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research and to promote work on the major issues facing the process of integration and European society. The Centre is home to a large post-doctoral programme and hosts major research programmes and projects, and a range of working groups and ad hoc initiatives. The research agenda is organised around a set of core themes and is continuously evolving, reflecting the changing agenda of European integration and the expanding membership of the European Union.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has confronted public health systems and world economies with serio... more The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has confronted public health systems and world economies with serious challenges. Faced with the same disease, countries responded to the threat differently depending on their social, demographic and geographic characteristics. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, international guidances and other sources of information about infection prevention and control, this article systematizes knowledge about containment strategies developed before the current pandemic, describes challenges posed by the coronavirus outbreak and highlights solutions. Specifically, the article describes the timing and order of the introduced measures, considerations for lifting the restrictions and the impact of different containment strategies on the spread of the infection, society and economy.
Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) describes the relationship between the economic growth and the ... more Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) describes the relationship between the economic growth and the environmental degradation. Some researchers assume that this nexus may be influenced by international trade. In this paper we estimated EKC for carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for 15 countries of the former Soviet Union spanning the period 1990-2011. We revealed positive dependence of the carbon dioxide emissions on export. We also found that foreign direct investment does not affect air pollution.
The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian econ... more The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian economic development using the LAM-3 methodology. LAM-3 is the most recent version of the Long-run Adjustment Model that is used for quarter-to-quarter modeling and forecasting to show the economic development of countries in Eastern Europe. The principles upon the LAM-3 models are built and the problems associated with the model-building processes are discussed. The models are used to depict the Russian and Belorussian economies in transition. The article describes the GIRAF software developed to be used in the LAM-3 series models and to assess the level of accuracy of the forecasts made for the economies of Russia and Belorussia
This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution... more This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution among Russian regions based on the concept of Environmental Kuznets Curve. It shows how income inequality, growth of GRP and structure of regional economy affect emissions of three pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. We estimate a panel data model using the Russian Statistical Agency's data for Russian regions in the period 2000-2013. It is shown that the majority of regions in Russia have not reached a turning point when economic growth leads to decrease in pollution. Growth of the non-manufacturing sector of GRP has either no statistically significant effect on the change in emissions or its impact is ambiguous. The increase in the level of economic inequality in the region is characterized by the decrease in emissions.
The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian econ... more The article deals with the results of econometric model building for Russian and Belorussian economic development using the LAM-3 methodology. LAM-3 is the most recent version of the Long-run Adjustment Model that is used for quarter-to-quarter modeling and forecasting to show the economic development of countries in Eastern Europe. The principles upon the LAM-3 models are built and the problems associated with the model-building processes are discussed. The models are used to depict the Russian and Belorussian economies in transition. The article describes the GIRAF software developed to be used in the LAM-3 series models and to assess the level of accuracy of the forecasts made for the economies of Russia and Belorussia
The paper describes an inter-country model developed on the New Keynesian Phillips curve principl... more The paper describes an inter-country model developed on the New Keynesian Phillips curve principle for the economies of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Technically the modelling idea has been grounded within the concept of the infinite dimensional vector autoregressive models by Chudik and Pesaran [Chudik A., Pesara M.H., 2007. Infinite-dimensional VAR's and factor models. IZA; DP No. 3206]. The main developments are such that the model is 1) interdependent rather than vector autoregressive, 2) estimated by the generalised method of moments and 3) forward-looking. The primary linkage of the country models is provided through the real effective exchange rates of particular countries, while the secondary linkages are through the Chudik and Pesaran cross-sectional augmentations. A series of Monte Carlo experiments confirms that the small cross-dimension of the model and a possible dominance of one country in the panel (Russia) should not distort the results in a significant way. A series of stochastic simulation experiments made with and without the assumption of observational equivalence principle shows a possible spread of the Dutch Disease from Russia to other countries in the model.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union experien... more In the 1960s and 1970s, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union experienced an unanticipated stagnation in the process of mortality reduction that was accelerating in the west. This was followed by even starker fluctuations and overall declines in life expectancy during the 1980s and 1990s. We identify statistically the extent to which, since the 1990s, the countries of the post-communist region have converged as a group towards other regional or cross-regional geopolitical blocks, or whether there are now multiple steady-states ('convergence clubs') emerging among these countries. We apply a complex convergence club methodology, including a recursive analysis, to data on 30 OECD countries (including 11 post-communist countries) drawn from the Human Mortality Database and spanning the period 1959-2010. We find that, rather than converging uniformly on western life expectancy levels, the post-communist countries have diverged into multiple clubs, with the lowest seemingly stuck in low-level equilibria, while the best performers (e.g. Czech Republic) show signs of catching-up with the leading OECD countries. As the post-communist period has progressed, the group of transition countries themselves has become more heterogeneous and it is noticeable that distinctive gender and age patterns have emerged. We are the first to employ an empirical convergence club methodology to help understand the complex long-run patterns of life expectancy within the post-communist region, one of very few papers to situate such an analysis in the context of the OECD countries, and one of relatively few to interpret the dynamics over the long-term.
BackgroundEstimates from initial SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys were likely to be biased due to c... more BackgroundEstimates from initial SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys were likely to be biased due to convenience sampling whereas large-scale population-based serosurveys could be biased due to non-response. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saint Petersburg, Russia accounting for non-response bias.MethodsWe recruited a random sample of adults residing in St. Petersburg with random digit dialling. Computer-assisted telephone interview was followed by an invitation for an antibody test with randomized rewards for participation. Blood samples collected between May 27, 2020 and June 26, 2020 were assessed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two tests — CMIA and ELISA. The seroprevalence estimates were corrected for non-response bias, test sensitivity, and specificity. Individual characteristics associated with seropositivity were assessed.Findings66,250 individuals were contacted, 6,440 adults agreed to be interviewed and were invited to participate ...
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Papers by Yulia Raskina