International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2018
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) process is a flexible manufacturing process to produce complex 3D... more Incremental sheet forming (ISF) process is a flexible manufacturing process to produce complex 3D products at reasonable manufacturing cost. In addition to a single point, incremental sheet forming pressure has been applied to the back side of sheet surface in order to provide support to the sheet surface and improve process efficiency. In the current work, a comparative analysis of ISF & pressure assisted ISF process through CAE simulation have been done to predict the forming forces, energy requirements, effective stresses, etc. The forming forces in ISF as well as pressure-assisted ISF is very low when as compared to forming forces in traditional forming processes. The pressure-induced ductility has resulted in the reduction of forming forces with pressure assisted ISF. The energy required in pressure assisted ISF is slightly higher than the ISF process. An increment in effective stresses is observed in pressure assisted ISF, which is a due application of force on both sides of the sheet. However, these stresses are local and very small when as compared to traditional forming processes.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), Jan 20, 2015
A microwave-assisted highly efficient intermolecular domino carbopalladation/C-H functionalizatio... more A microwave-assisted highly efficient intermolecular domino carbopalladation/C-H functionalization sequence has been developed to access bis-heteroaryl framework in a single operation. The reaction involves carbopalladation of halogenated acrylamides or phenylpropiolamides via Pd(0)-catalysis, followed by direct (hetero)arylation with good to excellent product yields. The synthetic utility of the method was extended towards the application of the Ugi-adduct as starting material.
The traditional method for identification of bacterial species depends upon different biochemical... more The traditional method for identification of bacterial species depends upon different biochemical testing and colonial morphology study. Biochemical tests are simple to execute, require minimal equipment, and generally accurately differentiate between the more common species. However, they are time-consuming and results delay in final identification due to long incubation time period. Several genes common to all bacteria have been studied in sequence-based identification. The objective o present study is to isolate, identify and characterize the bacteria from agricultural farm field of Jharkhand. The use of 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis method, is considered as recent standard approach for identification for all bacteria and is widely recognized as a rapid and accurate method for identification of novel bacterial culture. Fragment of 16S rDNA gene of the DNA was isolated from the bacterial species and was amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing reaction of purified PCR amplicon was carri...
International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems, 2012
With the advent of new technologies and advancement in medical science we are trying to process t... more With the advent of new technologies and advancement in medical science we are trying to process the information artificially as our biological system performs inside our body. Artificial intelligence through a biological word is realized based on mathematical equations and artificial neurons. Our main focus is on the implementation of Neural Network Architecture (NNA) with on a chip learning in analog VLSI for generic signal processing applications. In the proposed paper analog components like Gilbert Cell Multiplier (GCM), Neuron activation Function (NAF) are used to implement artificial NNA. The analog components used are comprises of multipliers and adders' along with the tan-sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor in subthreshold region. This neural architecture is trained using Back propagation (BP) algorithm in analog domain with new techniques of weight storage. Layout design and verification of the proposed design is carried out using Tanner EDA 14.1 tool and synopsys Tspice. The technology used in designing the layouts is MOSIS/HP 0.5u SCN3M, Tight Metal.
Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. Various methods o... more Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. Various methods of vascular occlusion have been suggested. To compare the benefits and harms of different methods of vascular occlusion during elective liver resection. We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until August 2008. We included randomised clinical trials comparing different methods of vascular occlusion during elective liver resections (irrespective of language or publication status). Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and independently extracted the data. We calculated the risk ratio or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals using fixed-effect and random-effects models based on intention-to-treat or available data analysis. Ten trials including 657 patients compared different methods of vascular occlusion. All trials were of high risk of bias. Only one or two trials were included under each comparison. There was no statistically significant differences in mortality, liver failure, or other morbidity between any of the comparisons.Hepatic vascular occlusion does not decrease the blood transfusion requirements. It decreases the cardiac output and increases the systemic vascular resistance. In the comparison between continuous portal triad clamping and intermittent portal triad clamping, four of the five liver failures occurred in patients with chronic liver diseases undergoing the liver resections using continuous portal triad clamping. In the comparison between selective inflow occlusion and portal triad clamping, all four patients with liver failure occurred in the selective inflow occlusion group. There was no difference in any of the other important outcomes in any of the comparisons. In elective liver resection, hepatic vascular occlusion cannot be recommended over portal triad clamping. Intermittent portal triad clamping seems to be better than continuous portal triad clamping at least in patients with chronic liver disease. There is no evidence to support selective inflow occlusion over portal triad clamping. The optimal method of intermittent portal triad clamping is not clear. There is no evidence for any difference between the ischaemic preconditioning followed by vascular occlusion and intermittent vascular occlusion for liver resection in patients with non-cirrhotic livers. Further randomised trials of low risk of bias are needed to determine the optimal technique of vascular occlusion.
ABSTRACT Mg doped ZnO samples were prepared from sol-gel technique. The X-ray diffraction confirm... more ABSTRACT Mg doped ZnO samples were prepared from sol-gel technique. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of samples. Further the Rietveld refinement was carried out to understand the detailed crystal structure of ZnO and the modifications induced by Mg dopant. With the increase in Mg doping concentration, the c-axis lattice parameter decreases with the small increase in a-axis lattice parameter. The shift in the (002) peak toward higher 2��value is observed after the addition of Mg on Zn site and there is change in the Zn-O bond length which is attributed to the difference in ionic radii of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions. Frequency dependent dielectric constant measurements were carried out in range of 75 kHz to 5 MHz where decrease in dielectric values is observed after Mg doping.
Velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC] is one of the most important medicinal plants. It is used t... more Velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC] is one of the most important medicinal plants. It is used to treat many ailments, but is widely used for the treatment especially for Parkinson's disease because of the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in it. It was noticed in last 5 years that the plants in the field showed severe mosaic, downward curling of the leaves, stunting, etc. This is consistently observed over the years in India. The disease was transmitted by whiteflies and by grafting and the causal agent was found to be a bipartite begomovirus. The whole genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using /-29 DNA polymerase and characterized. DNA-A and DNA-B shared a 124-nucleotide (nt) long highly conserved (98%) common region (CR). Comparisons with other begomovirus showed that DNA-A sequence has highest identity (76%) with an isolate of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV; AY937195) reported from India. This data suggested that the present isolate is a new species of genus Begomovirus for which the name ''Velvet bean severe mosaic virus'' (VbSMV) is proposed. DNA-B has a maximum sequence identity of 49% with an isolate of Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV; AM932426) reported from India. Infectious clones consisting of a 1.7 mer partial tandem repeat of DNA-A and a dimer of DNB-B were constructed and agro-inoculated to Macuna pruriens (L.) DC plants, which showed field observed symptoms 24 days post-infiltration (dpi). In phylogenetic analysis, DNA-A and DNA-B of the present isolate grouped with DNA-A of different begomoviruses reported from fabaceous crops. The study presents first ever molecular evidence of any disease in velvet bean and whole genome analysis of the causative virus which is a distinct bipartite species of Begomovirus.
The crystallines in the Kumaon Himalaya, India are studied along Goriganga, Darma and Kaliganga v... more The crystallines in the Kumaon Himalaya, India are studied along Goriganga, Darma and Kaliganga valleys and found to be composed of two high-grade metamorphic gneiss sheets i.e. the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) and Lesser Himalayan Crystalline (LHC) zones. These were tectonically extruded as a consequence of the southward directed propagation of crustal deformation in the Indian plate margin. The HHC and its cover rocks i.e. the Tethyan Sedimentary Zone (TSZ) are exposed through tectonic zones within the hinterland of Kumaon Himalaya. The HHC records history of at least one episode of pre-Himalayan deformation (D 1), three episodes of Himalayan deformation (D 2 , D 3 , D 4). The rocks of the HHC in Kumaon Himalaya are thoroughly transposed by D 2 deformation into NW-SE trending S m (S 1 +S 2). The extent of transposition and a well-developed NE-plunging L 2 lineation indicate intense strain during D 2 throughout the studied portion of the HHC. Ductile flow continued, resulting in rotation of F 1 and F 2 folds due NE-direction and NW-SE plunging F 3 folds within the HHC. The over thickened crystalline was finally, superimposed by late-to-post collisional brittle-ductile deformation (D 4) and exposed the rocks to rapid erosion. Apatite Fission Track (AFT) and Zircon Fission Track (ZFT) studies from the Kumaon Himalaya suggest reactivation of the Main Central/Munsiari Thrust (MCT/MT) and Vaikrita Thrust (VT), rapid exhumation and a system that has been in topographic and exhumation steady-state since at least 4 Ma.
A técnica de polarografia de pulso diferencial foi usada para estabelecer um procedimento eletroa... more A técnica de polarografia de pulso diferencial foi usada para estabelecer um procedimento eletroanalítico para a determinação do inseticida organofosforado parathion metílico (tiofosfato de dimetilparanitrofenila) em amostras de solo. Foram observados 3 picos de redução do metilparathion sobre eletrodo de mercúrio, em função do pH da solução. O pico mais catódico (Ep =-0,55 V), observado apenas em pH's maiores que 5,0, foi selecionado para as determinações analíticas. O limite de detecção encontrado foi de 1,93x10-8 mol L-1 para água pura e de cerca de 8x10-8 mol L-1 para as amostras de solo, com velocidade de varredura de 2 mV s-1 e pH da solução de 6,75. O procedimento eletroanalítico desenvolvido foi utilizado para a obtenção de isotermas de sorção do parathion metílico em 3 solos do Estado de São Paulo, com distintos teores de argila, matéria orgânica e pH. O modelo de isoterma de Freundlich apresentou um excelente ajuste aos dados experimentais e os coeficientes de Freundlich (K F) obtidos para cada solo apresentaram valores entre 7 e 29 L kg-1 , sendo considerados como de baixa a média capacidade de sorção nos solos estudados, de acordo com o critério do IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Renováveis). Os teores de matéria orgânica e argila dos solos foram os fatores que mais influenciaram a sorção do metilparathion nesses solos. The differential pulse polarography technique was used to establish an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of the organophosphorous insecticide methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-(4nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) in soil samples. Three reduction peaks were observed in mercury electrodes as a function of the solution pH. The more cathodic peak (E p =-0.55V), only observed for pH values higher than 5.0, was chosen for the analytical determinations. The limit of detection was 1.93x10-8 mol L-1 for pure water and about 8x10-8 mol L-1 for soil suspensions with a scan rate of 2 mV s-1 and a pH of 6.75. The electroanalytical procedure developed was applied for the determination of sorption isotherms of methylparathion on 3 soils from São Paulo State, Brazil, at different pH and diverse amounts of clay and organic matter. The experimental data were fitted using the Freundlich isotherm model and the Freundlich coefficients (K F) obtained for each soil varied from 7 to 29 L kg-1 , representing a low to medium sorption capacity, according to the IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental Protection Agency) standards. The amounts of organic matter and clay were the most important soil parameters controling the sorption of methylparathion by these soils.
In November 2008 in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh regions in India, toon trees and periwinkles ... more In November 2008 in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh regions in India, toon trees and periwinkles were observed to have formed short internodes, small leaves and witches'-broom symptoms, typical of phytoplasma infection. The symptomatic toon and periwinkle samples were tested with universal PCR tests, and the 16S rRNA, rplB-rpsC, secA and secY genes were sequenced. The causal agents belonged to subgroup 16SrI-B of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', based on 16S rDNA, ribosomal protein gene, secA and secY phylogenetic analysis. Keywords Phytoplasma Á Toon tree Á Periwinkle Á 16S rRNA gene Á SecY gene Á SecA gene Á Ribosomal protein gene
Leaf curl in Zinnia elegans was observed in a subtemperate region in northern India, and the caus... more Leaf curl in Zinnia elegans was observed in a subtemperate region in northern India, and the causal organism was identified as Ageratum enation virus (AEV). The virus appeared to be monopartite and associated with nanovirus-like satellite DNA1. The whole genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification, cloned, and sequenced using a primer walking strategy. The genome (FN543099) was composed of 2753 nucleotides (nt) and that of DNA1 (FN543100) of 1374 nt. DNA-b was not detected from any of the infected samples. The study presents the first report of a begomovirus from Zinnia spp. in India and the complete nucleotide sequence characterization of AEV associated with nanovirus-like satellite DNA1.
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) infection is a major limitation to apple fruit quality and causes ... more Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) infection is a major limitation to apple fruit quality and causes huge economic losses. In surveys of apple orchards in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, fruits with dappling symptoms were noticed. ASSVd was detected from these fruits and molecularly characterized. Ten clones from three isolates were sequenced, of which seven were new sequence
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2003
Bilirubin (BR) binding properties of serum albumins from different mammalian species viz. human (... more Bilirubin (BR) binding properties of serum albumins from different mammalian species viz. human (HSA), equine (ESA), dog (DSA) and guinea pig (GPSA) were studied by absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Whereas, a complex of BR with ESA produced maximum change, GPSA Á/BR complex showed weaker interaction as reflected from absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic data. Conformational analysis of these albumins by near-and far-UV CD spectra suggested similar structural characteristics (both secondary and tertiary structures) for ESA and HSA, whereas, DSA and GPSA had lower amounts of secondary and tertiary structures being minimum for GPSA. Photoirradiation results of BR Á/albumin complexes showed GPSAbound BR more labile compared with other complexes, whereas, BR Á/ESA complex was found to be more stable against photoinduced chemical changes. Taken together, all these results suggest that chiroptical properties/stability of albumin bound BR varies with albumin species.
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2007
Background Gastrointestinal cancer tumour markers are valuable in the detection of recurrence fol... more Background Gastrointestinal cancer tumour markers are valuable in the detection of recurrence following resection or in monitoring response to chemotherapy. CEA, CA19-9, CA-50 and CA72-4 are currently available but are nonspecific and have a low sensitivity.'Tumour M2-pyruvate kinase' was described by Eigenbrodt around 1985. In cancers the active tetrameric form of the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase converted to an inactive dimeric form by direct interaction with oncoproteins to channel glucose carbons into DNA synthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of this unique tumour marker with regard to its biochemistry, assay and potential use as a diagnostic and screening tool in gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A literature search was conducted for entries from 1980 to 2005 using PubMed and NeLH databases using tumour M2-pyruvate kinase, faecal tumour M2pyruvate kinase, tumour metabolism, tumour markers and carcinoembryonic antigen as keywords. A total of 56 references relevant to tumour M2-pyruvate kinase were retrieved. Eighteen references were clinical studies involving plasma/faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase and gastrointestinal cancer. The remaining 38 references were clinical/nonclinical trials and reviews on tumour metabolism and plasma/faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase assay. Seven of the 18 clinical studies involved faecal M2-pyruvate kinase. Three of the 11 plasma tumour M2-pyruvate kinase studies were non-English language and were excluded. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value for plasma/serum tumour M2-pyruvate kinase in the detection of gastrointestinal cancer was determined for each of the remaining eight studies. Data for gastrointestinal cancer M2-pyruvate kinase were compared with other gastrointestinal cancer markers. Data from three of the eight studies using a diagnostic cutoff value of 15 U/ml for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma tumour M2-pyruvate kinase were analysed together as a small meta-analysis. Results At a diagnostic cutoff value of 15 U/ml for tumour M2-pyruvate kinase in EDTA plasma the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value was 57.3, 89, 85.7 and 64.8%, respectively, for colorectal cancers, 62.1, 89, 88 and 64%, respectively, for gastric/ oesophageal cancers and 72.5, 89, 58 and 94%, respectively, for pancreatic cancers. As a faecal marker for colorectal cancers, faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase has a sensitivity of 73-92% at a cutoff value of 4 U/ml as against 50% sensitivity for Guaiac faecal test. Conclusion Circulating tumour M2-pyruvate kinase is more commonly elevated in oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer patients than conventional tumour markers. Faecal M2-pyruvate kinase is a sensitive marker of colorectal cancer. The clinical role of tumour M2pyruvate kinase in gastrointestinal cancer management should be investigated in large-scale clinical trials.
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2018
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) process is a flexible manufacturing process to produce complex 3D... more Incremental sheet forming (ISF) process is a flexible manufacturing process to produce complex 3D products at reasonable manufacturing cost. In addition to a single point, incremental sheet forming pressure has been applied to the back side of sheet surface in order to provide support to the sheet surface and improve process efficiency. In the current work, a comparative analysis of ISF & pressure assisted ISF process through CAE simulation have been done to predict the forming forces, energy requirements, effective stresses, etc. The forming forces in ISF as well as pressure-assisted ISF is very low when as compared to forming forces in traditional forming processes. The pressure-induced ductility has resulted in the reduction of forming forces with pressure assisted ISF. The energy required in pressure assisted ISF is slightly higher than the ISF process. An increment in effective stresses is observed in pressure assisted ISF, which is a due application of force on both sides of the sheet. However, these stresses are local and very small when as compared to traditional forming processes.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), Jan 20, 2015
A microwave-assisted highly efficient intermolecular domino carbopalladation/C-H functionalizatio... more A microwave-assisted highly efficient intermolecular domino carbopalladation/C-H functionalization sequence has been developed to access bis-heteroaryl framework in a single operation. The reaction involves carbopalladation of halogenated acrylamides or phenylpropiolamides via Pd(0)-catalysis, followed by direct (hetero)arylation with good to excellent product yields. The synthetic utility of the method was extended towards the application of the Ugi-adduct as starting material.
The traditional method for identification of bacterial species depends upon different biochemical... more The traditional method for identification of bacterial species depends upon different biochemical testing and colonial morphology study. Biochemical tests are simple to execute, require minimal equipment, and generally accurately differentiate between the more common species. However, they are time-consuming and results delay in final identification due to long incubation time period. Several genes common to all bacteria have been studied in sequence-based identification. The objective o present study is to isolate, identify and characterize the bacteria from agricultural farm field of Jharkhand. The use of 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis method, is considered as recent standard approach for identification for all bacteria and is widely recognized as a rapid and accurate method for identification of novel bacterial culture. Fragment of 16S rDNA gene of the DNA was isolated from the bacterial species and was amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing reaction of purified PCR amplicon was carri...
International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems, 2012
With the advent of new technologies and advancement in medical science we are trying to process t... more With the advent of new technologies and advancement in medical science we are trying to process the information artificially as our biological system performs inside our body. Artificial intelligence through a biological word is realized based on mathematical equations and artificial neurons. Our main focus is on the implementation of Neural Network Architecture (NNA) with on a chip learning in analog VLSI for generic signal processing applications. In the proposed paper analog components like Gilbert Cell Multiplier (GCM), Neuron activation Function (NAF) are used to implement artificial NNA. The analog components used are comprises of multipliers and adders' along with the tan-sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor in subthreshold region. This neural architecture is trained using Back propagation (BP) algorithm in analog domain with new techniques of weight storage. Layout design and verification of the proposed design is carried out using Tanner EDA 14.1 tool and synopsys Tspice. The technology used in designing the layouts is MOSIS/HP 0.5u SCN3M, Tight Metal.
Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. Various methods o... more Vascular occlusion is used to reduce blood loss during liver resection surgery. Various methods of vascular occlusion have been suggested. To compare the benefits and harms of different methods of vascular occlusion during elective liver resection. We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until August 2008. We included randomised clinical trials comparing different methods of vascular occlusion during elective liver resections (irrespective of language or publication status). Two authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and independently extracted the data. We calculated the risk ratio or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals using fixed-effect and random-effects models based on intention-to-treat or available data analysis. Ten trials including 657 patients compared different methods of vascular occlusion. All trials were of high risk of bias. Only one or two trials were included under each comparison. There was no statistically significant differences in mortality, liver failure, or other morbidity between any of the comparisons.Hepatic vascular occlusion does not decrease the blood transfusion requirements. It decreases the cardiac output and increases the systemic vascular resistance. In the comparison between continuous portal triad clamping and intermittent portal triad clamping, four of the five liver failures occurred in patients with chronic liver diseases undergoing the liver resections using continuous portal triad clamping. In the comparison between selective inflow occlusion and portal triad clamping, all four patients with liver failure occurred in the selective inflow occlusion group. There was no difference in any of the other important outcomes in any of the comparisons. In elective liver resection, hepatic vascular occlusion cannot be recommended over portal triad clamping. Intermittent portal triad clamping seems to be better than continuous portal triad clamping at least in patients with chronic liver disease. There is no evidence to support selective inflow occlusion over portal triad clamping. The optimal method of intermittent portal triad clamping is not clear. There is no evidence for any difference between the ischaemic preconditioning followed by vascular occlusion and intermittent vascular occlusion for liver resection in patients with non-cirrhotic livers. Further randomised trials of low risk of bias are needed to determine the optimal technique of vascular occlusion.
ABSTRACT Mg doped ZnO samples were prepared from sol-gel technique. The X-ray diffraction confirm... more ABSTRACT Mg doped ZnO samples were prepared from sol-gel technique. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite phase of samples. Further the Rietveld refinement was carried out to understand the detailed crystal structure of ZnO and the modifications induced by Mg dopant. With the increase in Mg doping concentration, the c-axis lattice parameter decreases with the small increase in a-axis lattice parameter. The shift in the (002) peak toward higher 2��value is observed after the addition of Mg on Zn site and there is change in the Zn-O bond length which is attributed to the difference in ionic radii of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions. Frequency dependent dielectric constant measurements were carried out in range of 75 kHz to 5 MHz where decrease in dielectric values is observed after Mg doping.
Velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC] is one of the most important medicinal plants. It is used t... more Velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC] is one of the most important medicinal plants. It is used to treat many ailments, but is widely used for the treatment especially for Parkinson's disease because of the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in it. It was noticed in last 5 years that the plants in the field showed severe mosaic, downward curling of the leaves, stunting, etc. This is consistently observed over the years in India. The disease was transmitted by whiteflies and by grafting and the causal agent was found to be a bipartite begomovirus. The whole genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using /-29 DNA polymerase and characterized. DNA-A and DNA-B shared a 124-nucleotide (nt) long highly conserved (98%) common region (CR). Comparisons with other begomovirus showed that DNA-A sequence has highest identity (76%) with an isolate of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV; AY937195) reported from India. This data suggested that the present isolate is a new species of genus Begomovirus for which the name ''Velvet bean severe mosaic virus'' (VbSMV) is proposed. DNA-B has a maximum sequence identity of 49% with an isolate of Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV; AM932426) reported from India. Infectious clones consisting of a 1.7 mer partial tandem repeat of DNA-A and a dimer of DNB-B were constructed and agro-inoculated to Macuna pruriens (L.) DC plants, which showed field observed symptoms 24 days post-infiltration (dpi). In phylogenetic analysis, DNA-A and DNA-B of the present isolate grouped with DNA-A of different begomoviruses reported from fabaceous crops. The study presents first ever molecular evidence of any disease in velvet bean and whole genome analysis of the causative virus which is a distinct bipartite species of Begomovirus.
The crystallines in the Kumaon Himalaya, India are studied along Goriganga, Darma and Kaliganga v... more The crystallines in the Kumaon Himalaya, India are studied along Goriganga, Darma and Kaliganga valleys and found to be composed of two high-grade metamorphic gneiss sheets i.e. the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) and Lesser Himalayan Crystalline (LHC) zones. These were tectonically extruded as a consequence of the southward directed propagation of crustal deformation in the Indian plate margin. The HHC and its cover rocks i.e. the Tethyan Sedimentary Zone (TSZ) are exposed through tectonic zones within the hinterland of Kumaon Himalaya. The HHC records history of at least one episode of pre-Himalayan deformation (D 1), three episodes of Himalayan deformation (D 2 , D 3 , D 4). The rocks of the HHC in Kumaon Himalaya are thoroughly transposed by D 2 deformation into NW-SE trending S m (S 1 +S 2). The extent of transposition and a well-developed NE-plunging L 2 lineation indicate intense strain during D 2 throughout the studied portion of the HHC. Ductile flow continued, resulting in rotation of F 1 and F 2 folds due NE-direction and NW-SE plunging F 3 folds within the HHC. The over thickened crystalline was finally, superimposed by late-to-post collisional brittle-ductile deformation (D 4) and exposed the rocks to rapid erosion. Apatite Fission Track (AFT) and Zircon Fission Track (ZFT) studies from the Kumaon Himalaya suggest reactivation of the Main Central/Munsiari Thrust (MCT/MT) and Vaikrita Thrust (VT), rapid exhumation and a system that has been in topographic and exhumation steady-state since at least 4 Ma.
A técnica de polarografia de pulso diferencial foi usada para estabelecer um procedimento eletroa... more A técnica de polarografia de pulso diferencial foi usada para estabelecer um procedimento eletroanalítico para a determinação do inseticida organofosforado parathion metílico (tiofosfato de dimetilparanitrofenila) em amostras de solo. Foram observados 3 picos de redução do metilparathion sobre eletrodo de mercúrio, em função do pH da solução. O pico mais catódico (Ep =-0,55 V), observado apenas em pH's maiores que 5,0, foi selecionado para as determinações analíticas. O limite de detecção encontrado foi de 1,93x10-8 mol L-1 para água pura e de cerca de 8x10-8 mol L-1 para as amostras de solo, com velocidade de varredura de 2 mV s-1 e pH da solução de 6,75. O procedimento eletroanalítico desenvolvido foi utilizado para a obtenção de isotermas de sorção do parathion metílico em 3 solos do Estado de São Paulo, com distintos teores de argila, matéria orgânica e pH. O modelo de isoterma de Freundlich apresentou um excelente ajuste aos dados experimentais e os coeficientes de Freundlich (K F) obtidos para cada solo apresentaram valores entre 7 e 29 L kg-1 , sendo considerados como de baixa a média capacidade de sorção nos solos estudados, de acordo com o critério do IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Renováveis). Os teores de matéria orgânica e argila dos solos foram os fatores que mais influenciaram a sorção do metilparathion nesses solos. The differential pulse polarography technique was used to establish an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of the organophosphorous insecticide methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-(4nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) in soil samples. Three reduction peaks were observed in mercury electrodes as a function of the solution pH. The more cathodic peak (E p =-0.55V), only observed for pH values higher than 5.0, was chosen for the analytical determinations. The limit of detection was 1.93x10-8 mol L-1 for pure water and about 8x10-8 mol L-1 for soil suspensions with a scan rate of 2 mV s-1 and a pH of 6.75. The electroanalytical procedure developed was applied for the determination of sorption isotherms of methylparathion on 3 soils from São Paulo State, Brazil, at different pH and diverse amounts of clay and organic matter. The experimental data were fitted using the Freundlich isotherm model and the Freundlich coefficients (K F) obtained for each soil varied from 7 to 29 L kg-1 , representing a low to medium sorption capacity, according to the IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental Protection Agency) standards. The amounts of organic matter and clay were the most important soil parameters controling the sorption of methylparathion by these soils.
In November 2008 in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh regions in India, toon trees and periwinkles ... more In November 2008 in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh regions in India, toon trees and periwinkles were observed to have formed short internodes, small leaves and witches'-broom symptoms, typical of phytoplasma infection. The symptomatic toon and periwinkle samples were tested with universal PCR tests, and the 16S rRNA, rplB-rpsC, secA and secY genes were sequenced. The causal agents belonged to subgroup 16SrI-B of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', based on 16S rDNA, ribosomal protein gene, secA and secY phylogenetic analysis. Keywords Phytoplasma Á Toon tree Á Periwinkle Á 16S rRNA gene Á SecY gene Á SecA gene Á Ribosomal protein gene
Leaf curl in Zinnia elegans was observed in a subtemperate region in northern India, and the caus... more Leaf curl in Zinnia elegans was observed in a subtemperate region in northern India, and the causal organism was identified as Ageratum enation virus (AEV). The virus appeared to be monopartite and associated with nanovirus-like satellite DNA1. The whole genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification, cloned, and sequenced using a primer walking strategy. The genome (FN543099) was composed of 2753 nucleotides (nt) and that of DNA1 (FN543100) of 1374 nt. DNA-b was not detected from any of the infected samples. The study presents the first report of a begomovirus from Zinnia spp. in India and the complete nucleotide sequence characterization of AEV associated with nanovirus-like satellite DNA1.
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) infection is a major limitation to apple fruit quality and causes ... more Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) infection is a major limitation to apple fruit quality and causes huge economic losses. In surveys of apple orchards in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, fruits with dappling symptoms were noticed. ASSVd was detected from these fruits and molecularly characterized. Ten clones from three isolates were sequenced, of which seven were new sequence
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2003
Bilirubin (BR) binding properties of serum albumins from different mammalian species viz. human (... more Bilirubin (BR) binding properties of serum albumins from different mammalian species viz. human (HSA), equine (ESA), dog (DSA) and guinea pig (GPSA) were studied by absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Whereas, a complex of BR with ESA produced maximum change, GPSA Á/BR complex showed weaker interaction as reflected from absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic data. Conformational analysis of these albumins by near-and far-UV CD spectra suggested similar structural characteristics (both secondary and tertiary structures) for ESA and HSA, whereas, DSA and GPSA had lower amounts of secondary and tertiary structures being minimum for GPSA. Photoirradiation results of BR Á/albumin complexes showed GPSAbound BR more labile compared with other complexes, whereas, BR Á/ESA complex was found to be more stable against photoinduced chemical changes. Taken together, all these results suggest that chiroptical properties/stability of albumin bound BR varies with albumin species.
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2007
Background Gastrointestinal cancer tumour markers are valuable in the detection of recurrence fol... more Background Gastrointestinal cancer tumour markers are valuable in the detection of recurrence following resection or in monitoring response to chemotherapy. CEA, CA19-9, CA-50 and CA72-4 are currently available but are nonspecific and have a low sensitivity.'Tumour M2-pyruvate kinase' was described by Eigenbrodt around 1985. In cancers the active tetrameric form of the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase converted to an inactive dimeric form by direct interaction with oncoproteins to channel glucose carbons into DNA synthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of this unique tumour marker with regard to its biochemistry, assay and potential use as a diagnostic and screening tool in gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A literature search was conducted for entries from 1980 to 2005 using PubMed and NeLH databases using tumour M2-pyruvate kinase, faecal tumour M2pyruvate kinase, tumour metabolism, tumour markers and carcinoembryonic antigen as keywords. A total of 56 references relevant to tumour M2-pyruvate kinase were retrieved. Eighteen references were clinical studies involving plasma/faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase and gastrointestinal cancer. The remaining 38 references were clinical/nonclinical trials and reviews on tumour metabolism and plasma/faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase assay. Seven of the 18 clinical studies involved faecal M2-pyruvate kinase. Three of the 11 plasma tumour M2-pyruvate kinase studies were non-English language and were excluded. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value for plasma/serum tumour M2-pyruvate kinase in the detection of gastrointestinal cancer was determined for each of the remaining eight studies. Data for gastrointestinal cancer M2-pyruvate kinase were compared with other gastrointestinal cancer markers. Data from three of the eight studies using a diagnostic cutoff value of 15 U/ml for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma tumour M2-pyruvate kinase were analysed together as a small meta-analysis. Results At a diagnostic cutoff value of 15 U/ml for tumour M2-pyruvate kinase in EDTA plasma the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive value was 57.3, 89, 85.7 and 64.8%, respectively, for colorectal cancers, 62.1, 89, 88 and 64%, respectively, for gastric/ oesophageal cancers and 72.5, 89, 58 and 94%, respectively, for pancreatic cancers. As a faecal marker for colorectal cancers, faecal tumour M2-pyruvate kinase has a sensitivity of 73-92% at a cutoff value of 4 U/ml as against 50% sensitivity for Guaiac faecal test. Conclusion Circulating tumour M2-pyruvate kinase is more commonly elevated in oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer patients than conventional tumour markers. Faecal M2-pyruvate kinase is a sensitive marker of colorectal cancer. The clinical role of tumour M2pyruvate kinase in gastrointestinal cancer management should be investigated in large-scale clinical trials.
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Papers by Yogesh Kumar