Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2002
Spatio-temporal data on cytotaxonomic identifications of larvae of different members of the Simul... more Spatio-temporal data on cytotaxonomic identifications of larvae of different members of the Simulium damnosum complex collected from rivers in southern Ghana and southwestern Togo from 1975 until 1997 were analysed. When the data were combined, the percentages of Savannah blackflies (S. damnosum sensu strict0 and S. sirbanum) in the samples were shown to have been progressively increasing since 1975. The increases were statistically significant (P < O.OOl), but the rates of increase were not linear. Further analyses were conducted according to the collection seasons and locations of the samples, to account for possible biases such as Savannah flies occurring further south in the dry season or a preponderance of later samples from northern rivers having more Savannah flies. These analyses showed that the increasing trend was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) only during the periods April to June and October to December. The presence of adult Savannah flies carrying infective larvae (L3) indistinguishable from those of Onchocerca volvulus in the study zone was confirmed by examinations of captured flies. The percentages of Savannah flies amongst the human-biting populations and the percentages with L3s in the head were higher during dry seasons than wet seasons and the Savannah species were found furthest south (5"25'N) in the dry season. Comparisons of satellite images taken in 1973 and 1990 over a study area in southwestern Ghana encompassing stretches of the Tano and Bia rivers demonstrated that there have been substantial increases in urban and Savannah areas, at the expense of forest. This was so not only for the whole images but also for subsamples of the images taken at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 km distant from sites alongside the River Tano. At every distance from the river, the percentages of pixels classified as urban or Savannah have increased in 1990 compared with 1973, while those classified as degraded or dense forest have decreased. The possibility that the proportionate increases in Savannah forms of the vectors of onchocerciasis, and hence in the likelihood of the transmission of Savannah strains of the disease in formerly forested areas, were related to the decreases in forest cover is discussed.
Kandayinga Landry Guy Gabriel YAMEOGO université de Koudougou La figuration des passages statifs ... more Kandayinga Landry Guy Gabriel YAMEOGO université de Koudougou La figuration des passages statifs dans la poésie de trois auteurs burkinabè Résumé : Pour l'étude des poèmes de notre corpus, nous nous inspirerons de la stylistique littéraire. au moyen des structurations axiologiques, il nous sera possible de saisir la signifiance des poèmes qui réside dans le passage de l'attachement au détachement, de la mélioration à la péjoration (poésie de somaïla sawadogo), de la dépendance ombilicale (« ventre mûr ») à l'autonomie biologique de l'enfant (poésie de Bernadette dao), de l'asservissement à la liberté, de l'état d'exception à l'état de droit (poésie de Babou Paulin Bamouni). en dépit de leur appartenance à des époques différentes, une unité thématique se perçoit à travers les textes des trois poètes burkinabè. dans son ouvrage La stylistique, Georges Molinié dit qu'elle est à la fois descriptive et interprétative (998 : 0).
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2002
Spatio-temporal data on cytotaxonomic identifications of larvae of different members of the Simul... more Spatio-temporal data on cytotaxonomic identifications of larvae of different members of the Simulium damnosum complex collected from rivers in southern Ghana and southwestern Togo from 1975 until 1997 were analysed. When the data were combined, the percentages of Savannah blackflies (S. damnosum sensu strict0 and S. sirbanum) in the samples were shown to have been progressively increasing since 1975. The increases were statistically significant (P < O.OOl), but the rates of increase were not linear. Further analyses were conducted according to the collection seasons and locations of the samples, to account for possible biases such as Savannah flies occurring further south in the dry season or a preponderance of later samples from northern rivers having more Savannah flies. These analyses showed that the increasing trend was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) only during the periods April to June and October to December. The presence of adult Savannah flies carrying infective larvae (L3) indistinguishable from those of Onchocerca volvulus in the study zone was confirmed by examinations of captured flies. The percentages of Savannah flies amongst the human-biting populations and the percentages with L3s in the head were higher during dry seasons than wet seasons and the Savannah species were found furthest south (5"25'N) in the dry season. Comparisons of satellite images taken in 1973 and 1990 over a study area in southwestern Ghana encompassing stretches of the Tano and Bia rivers demonstrated that there have been substantial increases in urban and Savannah areas, at the expense of forest. This was so not only for the whole images but also for subsamples of the images taken at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 km distant from sites alongside the River Tano. At every distance from the river, the percentages of pixels classified as urban or Savannah have increased in 1990 compared with 1973, while those classified as degraded or dense forest have decreased. The possibility that the proportionate increases in Savannah forms of the vectors of onchocerciasis, and hence in the likelihood of the transmission of Savannah strains of the disease in formerly forested areas, were related to the decreases in forest cover is discussed.
Kandayinga Landry Guy Gabriel YAMEOGO université de Koudougou La figuration des passages statifs ... more Kandayinga Landry Guy Gabriel YAMEOGO université de Koudougou La figuration des passages statifs dans la poésie de trois auteurs burkinabè Résumé : Pour l'étude des poèmes de notre corpus, nous nous inspirerons de la stylistique littéraire. au moyen des structurations axiologiques, il nous sera possible de saisir la signifiance des poèmes qui réside dans le passage de l'attachement au détachement, de la mélioration à la péjoration (poésie de somaïla sawadogo), de la dépendance ombilicale (« ventre mûr ») à l'autonomie biologique de l'enfant (poésie de Bernadette dao), de l'asservissement à la liberté, de l'état d'exception à l'état de droit (poésie de Babou Paulin Bamouni). en dépit de leur appartenance à des époques différentes, une unité thématique se perçoit à travers les textes des trois poètes burkinabè. dans son ouvrage La stylistique, Georges Molinié dit qu'elle est à la fois descriptive et interprétative (998 : 0).
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