Papers by William C. Daywitt
The Crothers solution to the Einstein vacuum field consists of a denumerable infinity of Schwarzs... more The Crothers solution to the Einstein vacuum field consists of a denumerable infinity of Schwarzschild-like metrics that are non-singular everywhere except at the point mass itself. When the point-mass distortion from the Planck vacuum (PV) theory is inserted into the Crothers calculations, the combination yields a composite model that is physically transparent. The resulting static gravitational field using the Crothers metrics is calculated and compared to the Newtonian gravitational field and the gravitational field associated with the black hole model.
on the PV quasi-continuum, where e∗ is the massless bare charge with its derived electron mass m,... more on the PV quasi-continuum, where e∗ is the massless bare charge with its derived electron mass m, and G (= e∗/m 2 ∗) is Newton’s gravitational constant. The first (−e∗) in (1) belongs to the electron and the second to the separate Planck particles making up the degenerate PV state. The two terms in (1) represent respectively the Coulomb repulsion between the electron charge and the separate PV charges, and their mutual gravitational attraction. The particle/PV coupling force (1) vanishes at the electron Compton radius rc (= e∗/mc 2). In addition, the vanishing of F(rc) is a Lorentz invariant constant [2] that leads to the important Compton-(de Broglie) relations
The neutron is denoted by (+e∗,−mp)(−e∗) and consists of some unknown combination of the proton a... more The neutron is denoted by (+e∗,−mp)(−e∗) and consists of some unknown combination of the proton and the massless bare charge — the neutron is not assumed to be a proton-electron composite. How the neutron decays into the proton in the PV paradigm is also unknown. Thus the decay mode discussed below is a best guess that preserves the PV model of the proton as a vacuum hole and the neutrino as a phonon-like disturbance of the PV state [3].
This paper argues that the proton, like the Dirac electron, is a massive “point charge” coupled t... more This paper argues that the proton, like the Dirac electron, is a massive “point charge” coupled to the degenerate Planck vacuum state. These two assumptions lead to a definitive proton and antiproton structure. Results show that it is the stressed vacuum state centered on the proton core that leads to an apparent spread of the proton charge. When the energy of an incident electron probing the proton structure reaches 2.95 GeV, the relativistic de Broglie radius (0.067 fm) of the electron equals the radius of the proton electron-proton overlap sphere, and the electron can begin to penetrate the apparent spread. This is the point where the separation between the proton and electron is 0.067 + 0.067 = 0.134 fm. If this separation is mistakenly attributed solely to the proton, then the resulting Compton wavelength is 2π × 0.134 = 0.842 fm.
This paper compares the 7-dimensional spacetime of the Planck vacuum (PV) theory to that of the U... more This paper compares the 7-dimensional spacetime of the Planck vacuum (PV) theory to that of the Urantia Book with its total cosmological viewpoint. Results show that, where the two genres overlap, there is a total agreement between the two. The concept of “circular simultaneity” is introduced into the PV-theory lexicon. The comparison leads to the conclusion that the circular simultaneity of the Urantia Book is directly related to the annihilation equations of the electron-positron and the proton-antiproton cores of the PV theory. Juxtaposing the two genres opens up a deeper understanding for both. Appendix A introduces an aspect to mathematical modeling that is new and unique: in the present case, the Dirac cores and the PV state are now connected to a transcendental aspect of nature that far exceeds the scope of the particle-related PV model.
This paper argues that the de Broglie relations for the electron and proton are the result of the... more This paper argues that the de Broglie relations for the electron and proton are the result of their coupling to the Planck vacuum state, the continuum nature of that state impressing a wave-like behavior onto the free-space-particle aspect of the two particles. Lorentz transforming the vanishing of their corresponding particle/vacuum coupling forces at their respective Compton radii, treated as Lorentz invariant constants, leads to their space-direction and time-direction de Broglie relations. Results: explain the peculiar form of the relativistic particle energy √ m2c4 + c2 p2; define the de Broglie waves for the electron and proton as periodic undulations within the Planck vacuum in the vicinity of the electron and proton cores; and easily explain the double-slit electrondiffraction thought experiment.
The equations of modern fundamental physics are difficult, if not impossible, to understand becau... more The equations of modern fundamental physics are difficult, if not impossible, to understand because they are expressed in terms of the secondary constants G (Newton), ℏ (Planck), and α (fine structure). The emerging Planck vacuum theory derives the primary (fundamental) constants associated with these secondary constants, enabling the equations of modern particle physics to be intuitively understood in terms of the free particle and its coupling to the vacuum state. What follows is a review of some aspects of this new theory, including inelastic electron-proton scattering and the antiparticle aspects of these two particles.
In the early part of the twentieth century when it was realized that the massless photon had part... more In the early part of the twentieth century when it was realized that the massless photon had particle-like properties, de Broglie figured therefor that the massive electron must have wave-like properties — and the de Broglie matter wave was born [1, p.55]. In circa 1954 Synge [2] published a study on the idea of 3-waves propagating in the 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. The study was based on the properties of a mediumfunction which the present author interprets as a vacuum medium. In the PV theory, the occurrence of 3-waves in a 4-dimensional spacetime is symptomatic of an invisible vacuum continuum interacting with a free-space particle. What follows compares the Compton-(de Broglie) relations derived in the PV theory with the Synge ray-wave diagram in spacetime, and concludes that his de Broglie waves propagate within the vacuum state rather than free space.
The Planck vacuum (PV) is assumed to be the source of the visible universe [1, 2]. So under condi... more The Planck vacuum (PV) is assumed to be the source of the visible universe [1, 2]. So under conditions of sufficient stress, there must exist a pathway through which energy from the PV can travel into this universe. Conversely, the passage of energy from the visible universe to the PV must also exist under the same stressful conditions. The following examines two versions of the Schwarzschild metric equation for compatability with this open-pathway idea.
Both the big-bang and the quasi-steady-state cosmologies originate in some type of Planck state. ... more Both the big-bang and the quasi-steady-state cosmologies originate in some type of Planck state. This paper presents a new cosmological theory based on the Planckvacuum negative-energy state, a state consisting of a degenerate collection of negativeenergy Planck particles. A heuristic look at the Einstein field equation provides a convincing argument that such a vacuum state could provide a theoretical explanation for the visible universe.
The integrals that describe the expectation values of the zero-point quantum-fieldtheoretic vacuu... more The integrals that describe the expectation values of the zero-point quantum-fieldtheoretic vacuum state are semi-infinite, as are the integrals for the stochastic electrodynamic vacuum. The unbounded upper limit to these integrals leads in turn to infinite energy densities and renormalization masses. A number of models have been put forward to truncate the integrals so that these densities and masses are finite. Unfortunately the truncation apparently destroys the Lorentz invariance of the integrals. This note argues that the integrals are naturally truncated by the graininess of the negative-energy Planck vacuum state from which the zero-point vacuum arises, and are thus automatically Lorentz invariant.
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
This short paper argues that the charged quantum oscillators in the quasi-continuum Planck vacuum... more This short paper argues that the charged quantum oscillators in the quasi-continuum Planck vacuum (PV) state are responsible for the zero-point oscillations in that state. The Planck particle (PP) quantum energy levels for the oscillators are derived from first principles. The PV coordinate uncertainty concerning the PV structure easily follows from these results.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
The mean life of the free neutron is about fifteen minutes, after which it decays into a proton p... more The mean life of the free neutron is about fifteen minutes, after which it decays into a proton plus an electron and an electron-neutrino. According to the Planck vacuum (PV) theory, however, it is the neutron and ``antineutron" meta-particles (MP)s that decay, in roughly fifteen minutes, into the stable electron and proton cores. The electron and proton core spins remain constant during the transformations-so there is no need for the neutrino spin correction during the decay process, bringing into question the validity of the neutrino itself.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
The present paper derives the radiative corrections for the electron and positron cores in the Pl... more The present paper derives the radiative corrections for the electron and positron cores in the Planck vacuum theory, leading to the electron and position particles in a 7-dimension spacetime. The physical meaning of the fine structure constant is twofold: it is the ratio of the electron spin coefficient to the electron-core spin coefficient; and it is the probability that an electron or positron will emit or absorb a photon. The nature of this photon defines the spin quanta in the PV theory. Results suggest that the Feynman and Schwinger QED calculations refer to the PV state. Finally, the closed-loop electron-positron pairs in the Feynman diagrams are explained.
Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements
Summary form only given. Principal-mode field equations that satisfy Maxwell's equations to t... more Summary form only given. Principal-mode field equations that satisfy Maxwell's equations to the first order in the normalized surface impedance of coaxial conductors are presented. The associated characteristic admittance and distributed line parameters are calculated. The distributed line resistance is seen to be significantly different from previous calculations found in the literature.<<ETX>>
Metrologia
An expression for the attenuation of a plated coaxial line that is applicable over the entire usa... more An expression for the attenuation of a plated coaxial line that is applicable over the entire usable frequency range of the line is derived. The result compares well with experiment and shows that accurate line attenuation estimates are possible for plated lines even in the presence of a complicated plating surface such as diffused copper and gold.
Preliminary studies show that it may be possible 1) to determine the solar flux density incident ... more Preliminary studies show that it may be possible 1) to determine the solar flux density incident on the earth's atmosphere using a simple algorithm with an uncertainty less than 8 percent; 2) to overcome a deteri orati ng accuracy in atmospheric loss calculations by using a "tipping curve" measurement, and 3) to reduce starshape correction factor uncertainty by using an equivalent solar di ameter.
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Papers by William C. Daywitt