Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between hu... more Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, publish...
Impacts of sedimentation and dam failure on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream ... more Impacts of sedimentation and dam failure on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream Changes in land use due to human activities lead to disturbances related to sedimentation in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the construction of dams in streams raises concerns about their safety, and the rupture of these structures implies significant impacts. Thus, this article assessed the effects of sedimentation and dam failure on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream and verified its influence on the structural and functional composition of this assemblage of organisms. Water physical-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate fauna data were obtained from monitoring data for both the preand post-rupture period. Macroinvertebrates were identified at the family level and classified according to functional feeding groups. Structural and functional biological indexes were applied, and data were analyzed using comparison tests, correlation matrix, correspondence, and cluster analysis. The results showed that sedimentation resulted in the impoverishment of macroinvertebrate fauna, with the loss of important functional feeding groups, indicating a low environmental quality. Dam failure changed the composition of the fauna, leading to the disappearance of important orders, the appearance of organisms belonging to the order Coleoptera, and the loss of feeding groups with consequent loss of ecological functions. The dam failure was not the only stressor for the studied stream, because it already suffered from small and medium scale disturbances related to sedimentation. However, the rupture of the structure resulted in greater environmental losses, and is considered large scale, implying the need to implement recovery measures in the area.
An applied ecological approach was used to assess the anthropogenic disturbances on the aquatic s... more An applied ecological approach was used to assess the anthropogenic disturbances on the aquatic systems of the Sorocaba river and its wetlands in the Sorocaba-SP municipality (Southeastern Brazil). Two samplings of water, sediment, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes were performed in 2017, during the rainy season (February) and dry season (June). Traditional limnological methods were applied to the biological material (macrophytes and macroinvertebrates) and limnological variables. In 2017, domestic wastewater and diffuse pollution were the main anthropogenic impacts on the aquatic ecosystems of the Sorocaba municipality. The used approach allowed the verification of the human disturbances on aquatic systems, sediment, biological communities, and landscape. We found that biochemical oxygen demand, thermotolerant coliforms, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity are above reference concentrations from the Brazilian guideline CONAMA Resolution 357/ 05. Four macroinvertebrates orders (Diptera, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, and Gastropoda) and three macrophytes species (Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata and Pistia stratiotes) allowed inferring that Sorocaba river and associated wetlands suffer water quality loss due to organic pollution. The major land use classes were anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural (75.42%) disturbances, contributing to limnological alterations and low quality of riparian vegetation. Urban wetlands were similar (e.g. sediment properties, limnological variables, bioindicators) and differed from the contributor river, a situation probably related to the wetlands bimodal pulse. Considering the hydric network of tropical countries in the same geographic region, the similar dynamics of the water bodies, and the context of urbanization, the approach can be applied to assess the human disturbances in the region. This increasing pressure on water resources, including wetlands, may be worse in urban areas once in those spaces the superficial water quality is affected by point sources (e.g. waste pipe) or non-point sources (e.g. nutrient discharges during heavy rainfall) (Delkash et al., 2018). The city area increase causes physical degradation to the aquatic ecosystems, due to the rupture in the wetland connectivity (Guida et al., 2016), the substance insertions (e.g. sediments, heavy metals), and structural changings (e.g. plumbing, rectification). Furthermore, those environments contribute to the water quality loss due to the nutrient discharging, which is one of the greatest
Aim: This paper aimed at describing the alterations of fish species in the middle and lower cours... more Aim: This paper aimed at describing the alterations of fish species in the middle and lower courses of the Tiete River, emphasizing rheophilic and invasive fish species as well as identifying such alteration causes. Methods: Data were obtained through intense revision of publications, dissertations and thesis accomplished in the study area, information search at the Zoology Museum at USP, revision in species identification, historical survey of introduced and collected species in the years of 2000 and 2001. Results: the main impacts identified in the Tiete River with consequence to the ichthyofauna were: domestic pollution, industrial pollution, deforestation, damming, course rectification, silting and species introduction. From the 80 species identified in the study area, 13 were found to be invasive. Many fish species have been introduced in the Tiete River since the late 19th Century with carpa ( Cyprinus carpio ) being the first one, followed by the introduction of black bass ( Mycropterus salmonoides ). Other species such as corvina ( Plagioscion squamosissimus ) have been introduced by companies in the electricity business, which has contributed to the alteration of species composition. Migratory species as dourado ( Salminus brasiliensis ), pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) and pintado ( Pseudoplatystoma corruscans ), which used to be abundant have become rare or absent after the construction of reservoirs, mainly because reservoirs in cascade have been built. Piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ), typically herbivore species, had its stock decreased due to the lack of ciliary vegetation. Conclusions: Following the building of the reservoirs there have been profound alterations in the composition of ichthyofauna, leading to the nearly complete absence of migratory species and the prevalent species are the ones which adapted to the new conditions. In addition to the damming, lack of ciliary vegetation and pollution also caused alterations in the ichthyological community.
The environmental range has long been neglected. Species that play crucial roles for the good fun... more The environmental range has long been neglected. Species that play crucial roles for the good functioning of the planet have their activities jeopardized by human ignorance, but the emergence of a zoonotic disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 turned attention to an atypical fact: previously uncommon animals seen in urban environment began to frequent them looking for resources, this is due to the measures of con nement, distance and social isolation adopted in order to contain the spread of the virus. In this work, public squares located in the city of Sorocaba, inlands of São Paulo, were studied, regarding the richness of species, bioindicator groups (birds, butter ies and dragon ies) in three different periods: before the social isolation system coming into effect, during and after it, to analyze whether such measures had an in uence on urban biodiversity. The Sorensen and Cluster (Jaccard estimator) analytics methods, Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) and One-Way ANOVA variance analysis showed that, with the reclusion of the citizens, there were no signi cant difference in species abundance in the sampled locations during the three periods, but the lockdown was marked by the illustrious presence of a rare species butter y (Greta oto [Hewitson 1854]), unregistered in previous surveys carried out in the municipality. It could be concluded that, although the functioning of urban ecosystems is intrinsically linked to human presence, the sudden decrease in the circulation of people and vehicles has had positive consequences for the environment richness inserted in cities.
In order to adopt a strategic model which aims to mitigate the environmental pressures exerted by... more In order to adopt a strategic model which aims to mitigate the environmental pressures exerted by the process of unbridled urbanization, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), an international agreement that permeates its conservation, the sustainable use of its resources and the equitable sharing of its resources, approved in 2010 the creation of the City Biodiversity Index (CBI), a political-legal instrument that aims to assess its management and progress. Later in 2016, the "Sorocaba: the city of biodiversity" program was launched by Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMA), consisting of six speci c objectives and among them, the establishment of criteria for the evaluation of conservation measures through indicators adapted from CBI, in order to propagate the urban ecology and ecosystems importance. Given the above, this study aimed to prove the compatibility between urban centers and biodiversity and to evaluate the environmental management of the city of Sorocaba, located in the interior of the State of São Paulo, through the application of 23 CBI indicators. The sum of the indicators resulted in a value of 57 points out of a total of 92 (61.9%), showing that, although Sorocaba has a relevant biodiversity, the low score of many indicators implies a need for greater mobilization of government spheres and the successive application of the CBI, in order to expand the conservation and environmental management of the city agenda over the years.
Previous study of this research group revealed that water from the Billings reservoir (Brazil) in... more Previous study of this research group revealed that water from the Billings reservoir (Brazil) intended for human use (water supply and seafood) has microbiological contamination and causes lethality and brain and behavioral impairments in zebrafish. The objective of this study was to understand what have induced these impairments in the animal model. Chemical analyses on water samples from Rio Pequeno (RP), Rio Grande (RG), and Bororé (BO) rivers, as well as chemical and morphological analyses on zebrafish gills exposed to those waters were performed. Waters samples from RP, RG, and BO presented high levels of phosphorus. BO water and fish gills exposed to this water presented high levels of nitrogen. RG water caused potassium contamination in gills. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium are indicators of anthropogenic pollution. RG water and fish gills exposed to this water presented low levels of calcium, which might be an indication of chemical imbalance that could lead to health problems in aquatic animals. RG and BO waters resulted in zirconium contamination in gills. BO water induced respiratory lamellae thickening in the gills, which may be the underlying mechanism for the observed hypoxia. In conclusion, behavioral, brain, and respiratory defects observed previously were induced by chemical and morphological disturbances due to anthropogenic pollution in the Billings reservoir.
The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's mo... more The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large‐scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data se...
Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosy... more Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals...
The urbanization process deeply affects rivers and streams, with numerous impacts, such as the di... more The urbanization process deeply affects rivers and streams, with numerous impacts, such as the discharge of sewers, dams, and pipework, causing profound changes in the water bodies characteristics and in their biota. In this scenario, the silting of rivers suffers one of the most impactful changes, as it undergoes a reduction in the depth and width of the rivers, triggering physical and chemical changes in the water, as well as in the structure of fish population, its feeding and reproduction habitats. As a palliative measure, it is normal to carry out the desilting (dredging) of rivers, an activity that is also very impacting. Floodings are one of the main factors that demand dredging to be carried out. This review was made to analyze desilting activities, their effects on biota and migratory fish, as well as to evaluate the best management strategies and mitigation of impacts on fish population. The shifting and removal of sediment from the riverbed can cause burial and massive de...
The presence or absence of a fish species may be associated with the physical and chemical charac... more The presence or absence of a fish species may be associated with the physical and chemical characteristics of the water, in addition to the state of preservation of the riparian zone. This study examined whether the taxonomic fish composition in an urban river varies along three riparian zone preservation conditions: preserved, intermediate preservation and degraded. Six urban stretches of the Sorocaba/São Paulo River were selected for this study, with monthly sampling being carried out from June 2019 to February 2020. The samplings were carried out with the aid of a sieve, dip net, and trawl. Regarding the types of margins and environmental variables, the Principal Component Analysis explained 97.49% of the data variation, axis 1, which explained 91.85% of the total variation, was formed by the variables conductivity and total dissolved solids. Axis 2, which explained 5.64% of the variation, was formed by Sun Rays% and Siltation%, being inversely proportional to Riparian Forest%. F...
Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil, Aug 10, 2017
A Biota Aquática em um Riacho Tropical e suas Relações com Fatores Ambientais RESUMO-As unidades ... more A Biota Aquática em um Riacho Tropical e suas Relações com Fatores Ambientais RESUMO-As unidades de conservação no Brasil carecem de informações que subsidiem os planos de manejo e as tomadas de decisões dos gestores para a conservação de sua biodiversidade. Este trabalho utilizou a biota aquática (zoobentos e peixes), além de parâmetros ambientais como pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura para a caracterização ambiental de cada trecho estudado, objetivando avaliar a qualidade ambiental do único riacho do Parque Natural Municipal Corredores de Biodiversidade, localizado em Sorocaba, SP. Foram realizadas duas campanhas de amostragem, considerando as épocas seca e chuvosa, com rede "d", com malha de 500µ para coleta dos macroinvertebrados e peneira, rede de espera e rede de arrasto para a captura dos peixes. Um total de 373 macroinvertebrados distribuídos em cinco ordens e seis famílias foram amostrados no riacho durante o período de estudo. A família mais abundante coletada foi a Chironomidae, com 138 organismos, sendo oportunistas e tolerantes à variação ambiental, comuns em ambientes alterados e com grandes quantidades de matéria orgânica depositada. Para os peixes, as ordens mais abundantes foram Characiformes e Cyprinodontiformes. Este estudo revelou que o riacho, apesar de estar situado numa unidade de conservação, apresenta perturbações associadas à erosão e sedimentação. Palavras-chave: Diversidade; fauna aquática; impactos ambientais. ABSTRACT-Conservation units in Brazil lack information that subsidizes management plans and management decisions for the conservation of their biodiversity. This study used aquatic biota (zoobentos and fish), besides environmental parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature for the environmental characterization of each section studied, aiming to evaluate the environmental quality of the Municipal Natural Park Biodiversity Corridors, located in Sorocaba, SP. Two sampling campaigns were carried out, considering dry and rainy seasons, with "d" net, with a mesh of 500 microns for collection of macroinvertebrates and sieve, waiting net and trawl for catching the fish. A total of 373 macroinvertebrates distributed in 5 orders, 6 families were sampled in the stream during the period of study. The most abundant family collected was Chironomidae with 138 organisms, being opportunistic and tolerant to environmental variation, common in altered environments and with large amounts of deposited organic matter. For fish the most abundant orders were Characiformes and Cyprinodontiformes. This study revealed that the creek, despite being located in a conservation unit, presents disturbances associated with erosion and sedimentation.
<i>Hypostomus regani</i> (Ihering, 1905) <b>Material examined.</b> BRAZIL... more <i>Hypostomus regani</i> (Ihering, 1905) <b>Material examined.</b> BRAZIL – <b>São Paulo</b> • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 140732 (6 spec., 120.0−140.0 mm SL). <b>Identification.</b> Body elongated; mouth ventral; body covered with odontodes and bone plates; abdomen partially covered by plates; small yellow spots on the head; fins dark with large light round spots (Reia et al. 2020).
A ictiofauna de riachos na regiao Neotropical ainda nao e totalmente conhecida, sendo dados sobre... more A ictiofauna de riachos na regiao Neotropical ainda nao e totalmente conhecida, sendo dados sobre a composicao e distribuicao de especies incipientes. Este estudo objetivou investigar a composicao da ictiofauna do corrego Bebedouro (Frutal - MG), de forma a contribuir no conhecimento da riqueza e distribuicao de especies no sudeste do Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas no periodo seco (setembro/2012) e no periodo chuvoso (marco de 2013), utilizando diferentes tecnicas de pesca, em tres trechos do corrego caracterizados quanto a diferentes parâmetros ambientais, limnologicos e de estrutura de habitat. Foram capturados 677 individuos de 50 especies (45 sao nativas e cinco nao-nativas) distribuidas em seis ordens, sendo 239 no periodo chuvoso e 438 no periodo seco. As abundâncias das especies entre os trechos em um mesmo periodo e entre os periodos nao apresentaram diferencas significativas. A analise do protocolo de avaliacao aplicado salientou que o corrego apresenta trechos com...
O metodo de agrupamentos difusos ou nebulosos foi aplicado em imagens coloridas, onde a cor no es... more O metodo de agrupamentos difusos ou nebulosos foi aplicado em imagens coloridas, onde a cor no espaco RGB e o atributo empregado na classificacao. O algoritmo utilizado foi o fuzzy c-means, com metrica de distância de Mahalanobis para detectar grupos alongados de pixels com cores similares. O numero ideal de classes foi encontrado por minimizacao do indice de Xie-Beni. A partir da imagem original, subimagens foramreconstruidas com pixels classificados no mesmo grupo. Como resultado, foi obtida uma boa separacao entre estruturas ambientais visualmente diferentes, tais como florestas, agua, solo exposto e outros. Como a cor e invariante em rotacao da imagem e de ampliacao, este metodo mostrou-se muito robusto para realizar a separacao entre diferentes regioes. Pode-se realizar o pos-processamento para fundir subimagens semanticamente semelhantes.
Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between hu... more Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, publish...
Impacts of sedimentation and dam failure on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream ... more Impacts of sedimentation and dam failure on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream Changes in land use due to human activities lead to disturbances related to sedimentation in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the construction of dams in streams raises concerns about their safety, and the rupture of these structures implies significant impacts. Thus, this article assessed the effects of sedimentation and dam failure on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream and verified its influence on the structural and functional composition of this assemblage of organisms. Water physical-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate fauna data were obtained from monitoring data for both the preand post-rupture period. Macroinvertebrates were identified at the family level and classified according to functional feeding groups. Structural and functional biological indexes were applied, and data were analyzed using comparison tests, correlation matrix, correspondence, and cluster analysis. The results showed that sedimentation resulted in the impoverishment of macroinvertebrate fauna, with the loss of important functional feeding groups, indicating a low environmental quality. Dam failure changed the composition of the fauna, leading to the disappearance of important orders, the appearance of organisms belonging to the order Coleoptera, and the loss of feeding groups with consequent loss of ecological functions. The dam failure was not the only stressor for the studied stream, because it already suffered from small and medium scale disturbances related to sedimentation. However, the rupture of the structure resulted in greater environmental losses, and is considered large scale, implying the need to implement recovery measures in the area.
An applied ecological approach was used to assess the anthropogenic disturbances on the aquatic s... more An applied ecological approach was used to assess the anthropogenic disturbances on the aquatic systems of the Sorocaba river and its wetlands in the Sorocaba-SP municipality (Southeastern Brazil). Two samplings of water, sediment, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes were performed in 2017, during the rainy season (February) and dry season (June). Traditional limnological methods were applied to the biological material (macrophytes and macroinvertebrates) and limnological variables. In 2017, domestic wastewater and diffuse pollution were the main anthropogenic impacts on the aquatic ecosystems of the Sorocaba municipality. The used approach allowed the verification of the human disturbances on aquatic systems, sediment, biological communities, and landscape. We found that biochemical oxygen demand, thermotolerant coliforms, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity are above reference concentrations from the Brazilian guideline CONAMA Resolution 357/ 05. Four macroinvertebrates orders (Diptera, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, and Gastropoda) and three macrophytes species (Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata and Pistia stratiotes) allowed inferring that Sorocaba river and associated wetlands suffer water quality loss due to organic pollution. The major land use classes were anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural (75.42%) disturbances, contributing to limnological alterations and low quality of riparian vegetation. Urban wetlands were similar (e.g. sediment properties, limnological variables, bioindicators) and differed from the contributor river, a situation probably related to the wetlands bimodal pulse. Considering the hydric network of tropical countries in the same geographic region, the similar dynamics of the water bodies, and the context of urbanization, the approach can be applied to assess the human disturbances in the region. This increasing pressure on water resources, including wetlands, may be worse in urban areas once in those spaces the superficial water quality is affected by point sources (e.g. waste pipe) or non-point sources (e.g. nutrient discharges during heavy rainfall) (Delkash et al., 2018). The city area increase causes physical degradation to the aquatic ecosystems, due to the rupture in the wetland connectivity (Guida et al., 2016), the substance insertions (e.g. sediments, heavy metals), and structural changings (e.g. plumbing, rectification). Furthermore, those environments contribute to the water quality loss due to the nutrient discharging, which is one of the greatest
Aim: This paper aimed at describing the alterations of fish species in the middle and lower cours... more Aim: This paper aimed at describing the alterations of fish species in the middle and lower courses of the Tiete River, emphasizing rheophilic and invasive fish species as well as identifying such alteration causes. Methods: Data were obtained through intense revision of publications, dissertations and thesis accomplished in the study area, information search at the Zoology Museum at USP, revision in species identification, historical survey of introduced and collected species in the years of 2000 and 2001. Results: the main impacts identified in the Tiete River with consequence to the ichthyofauna were: domestic pollution, industrial pollution, deforestation, damming, course rectification, silting and species introduction. From the 80 species identified in the study area, 13 were found to be invasive. Many fish species have been introduced in the Tiete River since the late 19th Century with carpa ( Cyprinus carpio ) being the first one, followed by the introduction of black bass ( Mycropterus salmonoides ). Other species such as corvina ( Plagioscion squamosissimus ) have been introduced by companies in the electricity business, which has contributed to the alteration of species composition. Migratory species as dourado ( Salminus brasiliensis ), pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) and pintado ( Pseudoplatystoma corruscans ), which used to be abundant have become rare or absent after the construction of reservoirs, mainly because reservoirs in cascade have been built. Piracanjuba ( Brycon orbignyanus ), typically herbivore species, had its stock decreased due to the lack of ciliary vegetation. Conclusions: Following the building of the reservoirs there have been profound alterations in the composition of ichthyofauna, leading to the nearly complete absence of migratory species and the prevalent species are the ones which adapted to the new conditions. In addition to the damming, lack of ciliary vegetation and pollution also caused alterations in the ichthyological community.
The environmental range has long been neglected. Species that play crucial roles for the good fun... more The environmental range has long been neglected. Species that play crucial roles for the good functioning of the planet have their activities jeopardized by human ignorance, but the emergence of a zoonotic disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 turned attention to an atypical fact: previously uncommon animals seen in urban environment began to frequent them looking for resources, this is due to the measures of con nement, distance and social isolation adopted in order to contain the spread of the virus. In this work, public squares located in the city of Sorocaba, inlands of São Paulo, were studied, regarding the richness of species, bioindicator groups (birds, butter ies and dragon ies) in three different periods: before the social isolation system coming into effect, during and after it, to analyze whether such measures had an in uence on urban biodiversity. The Sorensen and Cluster (Jaccard estimator) analytics methods, Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) and One-Way ANOVA variance analysis showed that, with the reclusion of the citizens, there were no signi cant difference in species abundance in the sampled locations during the three periods, but the lockdown was marked by the illustrious presence of a rare species butter y (Greta oto [Hewitson 1854]), unregistered in previous surveys carried out in the municipality. It could be concluded that, although the functioning of urban ecosystems is intrinsically linked to human presence, the sudden decrease in the circulation of people and vehicles has had positive consequences for the environment richness inserted in cities.
In order to adopt a strategic model which aims to mitigate the environmental pressures exerted by... more In order to adopt a strategic model which aims to mitigate the environmental pressures exerted by the process of unbridled urbanization, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), an international agreement that permeates its conservation, the sustainable use of its resources and the equitable sharing of its resources, approved in 2010 the creation of the City Biodiversity Index (CBI), a political-legal instrument that aims to assess its management and progress. Later in 2016, the "Sorocaba: the city of biodiversity" program was launched by Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMA), consisting of six speci c objectives and among them, the establishment of criteria for the evaluation of conservation measures through indicators adapted from CBI, in order to propagate the urban ecology and ecosystems importance. Given the above, this study aimed to prove the compatibility between urban centers and biodiversity and to evaluate the environmental management of the city of Sorocaba, located in the interior of the State of São Paulo, through the application of 23 CBI indicators. The sum of the indicators resulted in a value of 57 points out of a total of 92 (61.9%), showing that, although Sorocaba has a relevant biodiversity, the low score of many indicators implies a need for greater mobilization of government spheres and the successive application of the CBI, in order to expand the conservation and environmental management of the city agenda over the years.
Previous study of this research group revealed that water from the Billings reservoir (Brazil) in... more Previous study of this research group revealed that water from the Billings reservoir (Brazil) intended for human use (water supply and seafood) has microbiological contamination and causes lethality and brain and behavioral impairments in zebrafish. The objective of this study was to understand what have induced these impairments in the animal model. Chemical analyses on water samples from Rio Pequeno (RP), Rio Grande (RG), and Bororé (BO) rivers, as well as chemical and morphological analyses on zebrafish gills exposed to those waters were performed. Waters samples from RP, RG, and BO presented high levels of phosphorus. BO water and fish gills exposed to this water presented high levels of nitrogen. RG water caused potassium contamination in gills. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium are indicators of anthropogenic pollution. RG water and fish gills exposed to this water presented low levels of calcium, which might be an indication of chemical imbalance that could lead to health problems in aquatic animals. RG and BO waters resulted in zirconium contamination in gills. BO water induced respiratory lamellae thickening in the gills, which may be the underlying mechanism for the observed hypoxia. In conclusion, behavioral, brain, and respiratory defects observed previously were induced by chemical and morphological disturbances due to anthropogenic pollution in the Billings reservoir.
The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's mo... more The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large‐scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data se...
Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosy... more Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals...
The urbanization process deeply affects rivers and streams, with numerous impacts, such as the di... more The urbanization process deeply affects rivers and streams, with numerous impacts, such as the discharge of sewers, dams, and pipework, causing profound changes in the water bodies characteristics and in their biota. In this scenario, the silting of rivers suffers one of the most impactful changes, as it undergoes a reduction in the depth and width of the rivers, triggering physical and chemical changes in the water, as well as in the structure of fish population, its feeding and reproduction habitats. As a palliative measure, it is normal to carry out the desilting (dredging) of rivers, an activity that is also very impacting. Floodings are one of the main factors that demand dredging to be carried out. This review was made to analyze desilting activities, their effects on biota and migratory fish, as well as to evaluate the best management strategies and mitigation of impacts on fish population. The shifting and removal of sediment from the riverbed can cause burial and massive de...
The presence or absence of a fish species may be associated with the physical and chemical charac... more The presence or absence of a fish species may be associated with the physical and chemical characteristics of the water, in addition to the state of preservation of the riparian zone. This study examined whether the taxonomic fish composition in an urban river varies along three riparian zone preservation conditions: preserved, intermediate preservation and degraded. Six urban stretches of the Sorocaba/São Paulo River were selected for this study, with monthly sampling being carried out from June 2019 to February 2020. The samplings were carried out with the aid of a sieve, dip net, and trawl. Regarding the types of margins and environmental variables, the Principal Component Analysis explained 97.49% of the data variation, axis 1, which explained 91.85% of the total variation, was formed by the variables conductivity and total dissolved solids. Axis 2, which explained 5.64% of the variation, was formed by Sun Rays% and Siltation%, being inversely proportional to Riparian Forest%. F...
Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil, Aug 10, 2017
A Biota Aquática em um Riacho Tropical e suas Relações com Fatores Ambientais RESUMO-As unidades ... more A Biota Aquática em um Riacho Tropical e suas Relações com Fatores Ambientais RESUMO-As unidades de conservação no Brasil carecem de informações que subsidiem os planos de manejo e as tomadas de decisões dos gestores para a conservação de sua biodiversidade. Este trabalho utilizou a biota aquática (zoobentos e peixes), além de parâmetros ambientais como pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura para a caracterização ambiental de cada trecho estudado, objetivando avaliar a qualidade ambiental do único riacho do Parque Natural Municipal Corredores de Biodiversidade, localizado em Sorocaba, SP. Foram realizadas duas campanhas de amostragem, considerando as épocas seca e chuvosa, com rede "d", com malha de 500µ para coleta dos macroinvertebrados e peneira, rede de espera e rede de arrasto para a captura dos peixes. Um total de 373 macroinvertebrados distribuídos em cinco ordens e seis famílias foram amostrados no riacho durante o período de estudo. A família mais abundante coletada foi a Chironomidae, com 138 organismos, sendo oportunistas e tolerantes à variação ambiental, comuns em ambientes alterados e com grandes quantidades de matéria orgânica depositada. Para os peixes, as ordens mais abundantes foram Characiformes e Cyprinodontiformes. Este estudo revelou que o riacho, apesar de estar situado numa unidade de conservação, apresenta perturbações associadas à erosão e sedimentação. Palavras-chave: Diversidade; fauna aquática; impactos ambientais. ABSTRACT-Conservation units in Brazil lack information that subsidizes management plans and management decisions for the conservation of their biodiversity. This study used aquatic biota (zoobentos and fish), besides environmental parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature for the environmental characterization of each section studied, aiming to evaluate the environmental quality of the Municipal Natural Park Biodiversity Corridors, located in Sorocaba, SP. Two sampling campaigns were carried out, considering dry and rainy seasons, with "d" net, with a mesh of 500 microns for collection of macroinvertebrates and sieve, waiting net and trawl for catching the fish. A total of 373 macroinvertebrates distributed in 5 orders, 6 families were sampled in the stream during the period of study. The most abundant family collected was Chironomidae with 138 organisms, being opportunistic and tolerant to environmental variation, common in altered environments and with large amounts of deposited organic matter. For fish the most abundant orders were Characiformes and Cyprinodontiformes. This study revealed that the creek, despite being located in a conservation unit, presents disturbances associated with erosion and sedimentation.
<i>Hypostomus regani</i> (Ihering, 1905) <b>Material examined.</b> BRAZIL... more <i>Hypostomus regani</i> (Ihering, 1905) <b>Material examined.</b> BRAZIL – <b>São Paulo</b> • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 140732 (6 spec., 120.0−140.0 mm SL). <b>Identification.</b> Body elongated; mouth ventral; body covered with odontodes and bone plates; abdomen partially covered by plates; small yellow spots on the head; fins dark with large light round spots (Reia et al. 2020).
A ictiofauna de riachos na regiao Neotropical ainda nao e totalmente conhecida, sendo dados sobre... more A ictiofauna de riachos na regiao Neotropical ainda nao e totalmente conhecida, sendo dados sobre a composicao e distribuicao de especies incipientes. Este estudo objetivou investigar a composicao da ictiofauna do corrego Bebedouro (Frutal - MG), de forma a contribuir no conhecimento da riqueza e distribuicao de especies no sudeste do Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas no periodo seco (setembro/2012) e no periodo chuvoso (marco de 2013), utilizando diferentes tecnicas de pesca, em tres trechos do corrego caracterizados quanto a diferentes parâmetros ambientais, limnologicos e de estrutura de habitat. Foram capturados 677 individuos de 50 especies (45 sao nativas e cinco nao-nativas) distribuidas em seis ordens, sendo 239 no periodo chuvoso e 438 no periodo seco. As abundâncias das especies entre os trechos em um mesmo periodo e entre os periodos nao apresentaram diferencas significativas. A analise do protocolo de avaliacao aplicado salientou que o corrego apresenta trechos com...
O metodo de agrupamentos difusos ou nebulosos foi aplicado em imagens coloridas, onde a cor no es... more O metodo de agrupamentos difusos ou nebulosos foi aplicado em imagens coloridas, onde a cor no espaco RGB e o atributo empregado na classificacao. O algoritmo utilizado foi o fuzzy c-means, com metrica de distância de Mahalanobis para detectar grupos alongados de pixels com cores similares. O numero ideal de classes foi encontrado por minimizacao do indice de Xie-Beni. A partir da imagem original, subimagens foramreconstruidas com pixels classificados no mesmo grupo. Como resultado, foi obtida uma boa separacao entre estruturas ambientais visualmente diferentes, tais como florestas, agua, solo exposto e outros. Como a cor e invariante em rotacao da imagem e de ampliacao, este metodo mostrou-se muito robusto para realizar a separacao entre diferentes regioes. Pode-se realizar o pos-processamento para fundir subimagens semanticamente semelhantes.
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