The constitutive (hsc 70) and iiiducible (hsp 70) isoforms of heat shock protein 70 are important... more The constitutive (hsc 70) and iiiducible (hsp 70) isoforms of heat shock protein 70 are important members of the superfamily of stress related proteins that protect and promote the recovery of cells from physiological and pathologic stress. The goal of this study was to define the baseline expression of hsc 70 and hsp 70 in disease-free, minimally stressed human dental pulp of the adult 3rd molar. Immunoiocalizatioe demonstrated moderate to heavy staining intensity for hsc 70 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontoblasts and fibroblasts comprising the human pulp. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells displayed weak to moderate immunoreactivity for hsc 70 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Scbwann cells demonstrated only weak nuclear staining for hsc 70. No immunoreactivity for hsp' 70 was observed in any cell type in human pulp. Western, northern, and RT-PCR analysis of pulp preparations confirmed the expression of hsc 70 mRNA and protein within components of the pulp. These results demonstrate that cells of the human pulp express, under conditions of minimal stimulation, a key component of the stress response protein superfamily. The expression of hsc 70 under conditions of minimal stress may provide pulp components an advantage in resisting cell injury when stress occurs.
This study is the first to define the expression of hsp 27 in the pulp of the adult human third m... more This study is the first to define the expression of hsp 27 in the pulp of the adult human third molar. Using a monoclonal antibody against human hsp 27, immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the odontoblasts, odontoblast processes, pulp fibroblasts, and smooth muscle and endothelial cells of vessel walls. Nerves were negative. Pulp fibroblasts were characterized by cytoplasmic staining and variable nuclear staining. Odontoblasts also displayed consistent cytoplasmic staining and variable nuclear staining. Western, Northern, and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of hsp 27 mRNA and protein. Hsp 27 was also shown to be present in both the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated isoforms. In general, nuclear localization and phosphorylation of hsp 27 has been correlated with cells responding to stress or other stimuli. This study demonstrates that pulp from a single human third molar provides sufficient material to support a detailed molecular analysis of gene expression.
Background: Microalbuminuria is a renal marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage and ear... more Background: Microalbuminuria is a renal marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage and early atherosclerosis. Patients with microalbuminuria are at increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus like myocardial infarction, stroke and nephropathy. Poor glycemic control increases the risk of microalbuminuria. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes and compare the frequency of microalbuminuria in poor and good glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Material & Methods: One Hundred and twenty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. Data on age, gender, duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and HbA1c were recorded. Urine and blood samples were collected and analyzed for microalbuminuria, blood glucose and HbA1c. All patients of both genders with type 2 diabetes for over 2 years were selected in this study. Patients with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Results: Out of...
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2018
Reinforced natural fiber composite is rapidly growing in both areas in terms of scientific resear... more Reinforced natural fiber composite is rapidly growing in both areas in terms of scientific research and industrial application for their specific properties such as partially or completely biodegradable, economical and easily available. In natural fiber reinforced composites, various types of chemical modification improve the interfacial fiber-matrix bonding, which results in shows to increase the mechanical properties. In various natural fiber used in composites, the material is jute hemp sisal etc due to their availability at low cost with various properties. natural fiber already used the first time approximately 3000 years ago in ancient Egypt, where straw and clay were mixed together to build walls.T his review study deals with different types of existing natural fiber and updated status of their research work with properties and application.
Correspondence: Dr. Abdul Jabbar, Assistant Professor, Medicine Department, Saidu Teaching Hospit... more Correspondence: Dr. Abdul Jabbar, Assistant Professor, Medicine Department, Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Cell: 0348-3334482 Email: drjabbar76@gmail. com Introduction: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis is caused by the strain of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that is resistant to 2 most eff ective anti-Tuberculosis drugs (Isoniazid and Rifampicin).1-2 Th is may and may not be accompanied with resistance to other fi rst line drugs (FLDs) and second line drugs (SLDs).3 MDR-TB may result from a primary infection or may occur with anti-TB treatment.4 MDR-TB occurs due to human error that predisposes the mycobacteria to develop resistance; however certain genetic factors have also been att ributed to MDR-TB.5-8 Th e most signifi cant patient related reason that predisposes to MDR-TB is non-adherence and non-compliance to the tuberculosis treatment.9
In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens ... more In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and coronaviruses (CoV). Recently, a new type of viral infection has emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus does not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes such as food-borne transmission should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows a less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases. Compared to other emerging viruses such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has...
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
EDM is a non-contact machining process that is used to machine hard materials that are difficult ... more EDM is a non-contact machining process that is used to machine hard materials that are difficult to work by other conventional processes. Due to the advancement in production, EDM is used widely in all industries. The present research conducted on Die Steel D3 using copper as tool for establishing the relation between EDM parameters and performance measure. Peak current, pulse on time and pulse duty factor were selected as EDM parameters whose influence was assessed on material removal rate, tool wear rate and radial overcut. The results revealed that peak current is the major influencing parameter for material removal rate and radial overcut while pulse on time is the most dominating factor for tool wear rate. Voltage is found to be the least influencing parameter for all the performance measures.
Dengue fever is arboviral infection transmitted from infected person to non-infected one by mosqu... more Dengue fever is arboviral infection transmitted from infected person to non-infected one by mosquitoes Aedes Aegypti or Aedes albopectis. All four serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 & DEN-4) can cause the clinical manifestations of disease. Dengue infection can cause acute febrile illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). About 50-100 million cases of dengue fever reported annually worldwide in which 0.5 million may need admission. Overall mortality of dengue fever is 3%. The diagnosis of dengue is established by classical clinical features along with specific investigations like PCR, detection of dengue NS1 antigen or IgM or IgG antibodies in the blood of infected person. Dengue is endemic in most part of our country and can become epidemics on and off. Objectives: To study the pattern and mortality of Dengue fever during epidemic and post epidemic years in Swat. Setting: This study was conducted in Medical Department of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat. Period: Aug 2013 to November, 2016. Patients and method: Patients suffering from acute febrile illness with features suggestive of Dengue fever were included in the study. Clinical criteria for initial diagnosis directed the subsequent diagnostic work up. Dengue was confirmed in these patients by either Dengue NS1 or Ig M antibodies in their blood. Written consent for participation in study was taken from all the included patients. Formal permission was taken from Institutional Review Board of the institution to perform this study. The clinical and laboratory data were recorded on a proforma and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Among 5569 patients, 3834 (68.85 %) were male and 1735 (31.15%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 30 years SD 15.20. The most common age group that suffered with Dengue fever was the adult age group (13-30 years). Dengue Hemorrhegic Fever was diagnosed in 2543 (45.6%) patients and 50 (0.89 %) had features of DSS. A total 5018 (90.1 %) patients were completely cured while 37 (0.66 %) patients died. The overall mortality was 0.66%. Patients with Dengue fever presented to the hospital though out the year but more than 50% of cases were reported in the month of September. Conclusion: Adult age group and male gender is most commonly affected by Dengue fever. Dengue fever was endemic in Swat valley and it can become cyclic epidemic in post epidemic years. Dengue fever can claim so many precious lives if proper preventive measures were not taken in future.
The expression of heat shock protein (hsp) 27 was examined in the developing and adult human kidn... more The expression of heat shock protein (hsp) 27 was examined in the developing and adult human kidney. Immunolocalization using a monoclonal antibody against human hsp 27 demonstrated immunoreactivity in both the developing and adult kidney. Low to moderate immunoreactivity for hsp 27 was observed in the fetal and adult proximal tubule, distal tubule, and mesangial cells of the glomeruli. Intense immunoreactivity for hsp 27 was localized to the cortical and medullary collecting ducts in both the adult and fetal kidney, with the most intense staining in the medullary regions. The loop of Henle demonstrated no immunoreactivity for hsp 27. The blastemal element of the developing kidney showed no hsp immunostaining and the ureteric bud demonstrated moderate staining. Western, northern, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses disclosed no significant differences in hsp 27 mRNA or protein level as a function of gestational age. An analysis of the phosphorylation state of hsp 27 showed the majority of hsp 27 to be present in the unphosphorylated isoform for both adult and fetal samples. These studies are the first to demonstrate the presence of hsp 27 in the human kidney. It is suggested that this pool of hsp 27 is constitutive as it appears in an inactivated state; localized to the cytoplasm and in an unphosphorylated state.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1989
Human fetal liver contains a family of carcinoembryonic antigen related glycoproteins called the ... more Human fetal liver contains a family of carcinoembryonic antigen related glycoproteins called the pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein/fetal liver non specific cross-reactive antigen (PS beta G/FL-NCA) glycoprotein family. The sequence for the major FL-NCA species has been reported [Khan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 86 in press]. Two additional CEA-related fetal liver glycoproteins FL-NCA-2 and 3 were cloned, sequenced and expressed. FL-NCA-3 is a new gene family member. It has a unique domain arrangement (N-A2-B2-T) and contains a hydrophobic tail. FL-NCA-3 has a molecular weight of approximately 54 kD and is released from the transfected cells. Like three other members of the family, FL-NCA-3 contains the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in a position in the N-domain corresponding to complementarity determining region 3 of immunoglobulin. FL-NCA-2 is identical in structure to PS beta G-D previously found in placenta. The PS beta G/FL-NCA glycoprotein family may be involved in processes related to cell adhesion and cell differentiation.
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. ... more Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. It is the sixth mostcommon cause of hospital-acquired infections and the cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most common multidrugresistantgram-negative pathogen in Ventilated Assisted Patient. In our study in 100 patients culture and sensitivity report only 46%were sensitive to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66%resistant to levofloxacin.Objective: To find out resistance of pseudomonas to oral medication.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019. ).100 patient samples (tracheal aspirate, bronchial washing, sputum, pus, urine and blood) were cultured for pseudomonas and itssensitivity to oral medication ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was recorded.Results: Sensitivity to 46% were samples was observed to oral treatment while 54% of th...
The constitutive (hsc 70) and iiiducible (hsp 70) isoforms of heat shock protein 70 are important... more The constitutive (hsc 70) and iiiducible (hsp 70) isoforms of heat shock protein 70 are important members of the superfamily of stress related proteins that protect and promote the recovery of cells from physiological and pathologic stress. The goal of this study was to define the baseline expression of hsc 70 and hsp 70 in disease-free, minimally stressed human dental pulp of the adult 3rd molar. Immunoiocalizatioe demonstrated moderate to heavy staining intensity for hsc 70 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontoblasts and fibroblasts comprising the human pulp. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells displayed weak to moderate immunoreactivity for hsc 70 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Scbwann cells demonstrated only weak nuclear staining for hsc 70. No immunoreactivity for hsp' 70 was observed in any cell type in human pulp. Western, northern, and RT-PCR analysis of pulp preparations confirmed the expression of hsc 70 mRNA and protein within components of the pulp. These results demonstrate that cells of the human pulp express, under conditions of minimal stimulation, a key component of the stress response protein superfamily. The expression of hsc 70 under conditions of minimal stress may provide pulp components an advantage in resisting cell injury when stress occurs.
This study is the first to define the expression of hsp 27 in the pulp of the adult human third m... more This study is the first to define the expression of hsp 27 in the pulp of the adult human third molar. Using a monoclonal antibody against human hsp 27, immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the odontoblasts, odontoblast processes, pulp fibroblasts, and smooth muscle and endothelial cells of vessel walls. Nerves were negative. Pulp fibroblasts were characterized by cytoplasmic staining and variable nuclear staining. Odontoblasts also displayed consistent cytoplasmic staining and variable nuclear staining. Western, Northern, and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of hsp 27 mRNA and protein. Hsp 27 was also shown to be present in both the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated isoforms. In general, nuclear localization and phosphorylation of hsp 27 has been correlated with cells responding to stress or other stimuli. This study demonstrates that pulp from a single human third molar provides sufficient material to support a detailed molecular analysis of gene expression.
Background: Microalbuminuria is a renal marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage and ear... more Background: Microalbuminuria is a renal marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage and early atherosclerosis. Patients with microalbuminuria are at increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus like myocardial infarction, stroke and nephropathy. Poor glycemic control increases the risk of microalbuminuria. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes and compare the frequency of microalbuminuria in poor and good glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Material & Methods: One Hundred and twenty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. Data on age, gender, duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and HbA1c were recorded. Urine and blood samples were collected and analyzed for microalbuminuria, blood glucose and HbA1c. All patients of both genders with type 2 diabetes for over 2 years were selected in this study. Patients with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Results: Out of...
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2018
Reinforced natural fiber composite is rapidly growing in both areas in terms of scientific resear... more Reinforced natural fiber composite is rapidly growing in both areas in terms of scientific research and industrial application for their specific properties such as partially or completely biodegradable, economical and easily available. In natural fiber reinforced composites, various types of chemical modification improve the interfacial fiber-matrix bonding, which results in shows to increase the mechanical properties. In various natural fiber used in composites, the material is jute hemp sisal etc due to their availability at low cost with various properties. natural fiber already used the first time approximately 3000 years ago in ancient Egypt, where straw and clay were mixed together to build walls.T his review study deals with different types of existing natural fiber and updated status of their research work with properties and application.
Correspondence: Dr. Abdul Jabbar, Assistant Professor, Medicine Department, Saidu Teaching Hospit... more Correspondence: Dr. Abdul Jabbar, Assistant Professor, Medicine Department, Saidu Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Cell: 0348-3334482 Email: drjabbar76@gmail. com Introduction: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis is caused by the strain of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that is resistant to 2 most eff ective anti-Tuberculosis drugs (Isoniazid and Rifampicin).1-2 Th is may and may not be accompanied with resistance to other fi rst line drugs (FLDs) and second line drugs (SLDs).3 MDR-TB may result from a primary infection or may occur with anti-TB treatment.4 MDR-TB occurs due to human error that predisposes the mycobacteria to develop resistance; however certain genetic factors have also been att ributed to MDR-TB.5-8 Th e most signifi cant patient related reason that predisposes to MDR-TB is non-adherence and non-compliance to the tuberculosis treatment.9
In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens ... more In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and coronaviruses (CoV). Recently, a new type of viral infection has emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus does not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes such as food-borne transmission should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows a less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases. Compared to other emerging viruses such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has...
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
EDM is a non-contact machining process that is used to machine hard materials that are difficult ... more EDM is a non-contact machining process that is used to machine hard materials that are difficult to work by other conventional processes. Due to the advancement in production, EDM is used widely in all industries. The present research conducted on Die Steel D3 using copper as tool for establishing the relation between EDM parameters and performance measure. Peak current, pulse on time and pulse duty factor were selected as EDM parameters whose influence was assessed on material removal rate, tool wear rate and radial overcut. The results revealed that peak current is the major influencing parameter for material removal rate and radial overcut while pulse on time is the most dominating factor for tool wear rate. Voltage is found to be the least influencing parameter for all the performance measures.
Dengue fever is arboviral infection transmitted from infected person to non-infected one by mosqu... more Dengue fever is arboviral infection transmitted from infected person to non-infected one by mosquitoes Aedes Aegypti or Aedes albopectis. All four serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 & DEN-4) can cause the clinical manifestations of disease. Dengue infection can cause acute febrile illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). About 50-100 million cases of dengue fever reported annually worldwide in which 0.5 million may need admission. Overall mortality of dengue fever is 3%. The diagnosis of dengue is established by classical clinical features along with specific investigations like PCR, detection of dengue NS1 antigen or IgM or IgG antibodies in the blood of infected person. Dengue is endemic in most part of our country and can become epidemics on and off. Objectives: To study the pattern and mortality of Dengue fever during epidemic and post epidemic years in Swat. Setting: This study was conducted in Medical Department of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat. Period: Aug 2013 to November, 2016. Patients and method: Patients suffering from acute febrile illness with features suggestive of Dengue fever were included in the study. Clinical criteria for initial diagnosis directed the subsequent diagnostic work up. Dengue was confirmed in these patients by either Dengue NS1 or Ig M antibodies in their blood. Written consent for participation in study was taken from all the included patients. Formal permission was taken from Institutional Review Board of the institution to perform this study. The clinical and laboratory data were recorded on a proforma and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Among 5569 patients, 3834 (68.85 %) were male and 1735 (31.15%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 30 years SD 15.20. The most common age group that suffered with Dengue fever was the adult age group (13-30 years). Dengue Hemorrhegic Fever was diagnosed in 2543 (45.6%) patients and 50 (0.89 %) had features of DSS. A total 5018 (90.1 %) patients were completely cured while 37 (0.66 %) patients died. The overall mortality was 0.66%. Patients with Dengue fever presented to the hospital though out the year but more than 50% of cases were reported in the month of September. Conclusion: Adult age group and male gender is most commonly affected by Dengue fever. Dengue fever was endemic in Swat valley and it can become cyclic epidemic in post epidemic years. Dengue fever can claim so many precious lives if proper preventive measures were not taken in future.
The expression of heat shock protein (hsp) 27 was examined in the developing and adult human kidn... more The expression of heat shock protein (hsp) 27 was examined in the developing and adult human kidney. Immunolocalization using a monoclonal antibody against human hsp 27 demonstrated immunoreactivity in both the developing and adult kidney. Low to moderate immunoreactivity for hsp 27 was observed in the fetal and adult proximal tubule, distal tubule, and mesangial cells of the glomeruli. Intense immunoreactivity for hsp 27 was localized to the cortical and medullary collecting ducts in both the adult and fetal kidney, with the most intense staining in the medullary regions. The loop of Henle demonstrated no immunoreactivity for hsp 27. The blastemal element of the developing kidney showed no hsp immunostaining and the ureteric bud demonstrated moderate staining. Western, northern, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses disclosed no significant differences in hsp 27 mRNA or protein level as a function of gestational age. An analysis of the phosphorylation state of hsp 27 showed the majority of hsp 27 to be present in the unphosphorylated isoform for both adult and fetal samples. These studies are the first to demonstrate the presence of hsp 27 in the human kidney. It is suggested that this pool of hsp 27 is constitutive as it appears in an inactivated state; localized to the cytoplasm and in an unphosphorylated state.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1989
Human fetal liver contains a family of carcinoembryonic antigen related glycoproteins called the ... more Human fetal liver contains a family of carcinoembryonic antigen related glycoproteins called the pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein/fetal liver non specific cross-reactive antigen (PS beta G/FL-NCA) glycoprotein family. The sequence for the major FL-NCA species has been reported [Khan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 86 in press]. Two additional CEA-related fetal liver glycoproteins FL-NCA-2 and 3 were cloned, sequenced and expressed. FL-NCA-3 is a new gene family member. It has a unique domain arrangement (N-A2-B2-T) and contains a hydrophobic tail. FL-NCA-3 has a molecular weight of approximately 54 kD and is released from the transfected cells. Like three other members of the family, FL-NCA-3 contains the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in a position in the N-domain corresponding to complementarity determining region 3 of immunoglobulin. FL-NCA-2 is identical in structure to PS beta G-D previously found in placenta. The PS beta G/FL-NCA glycoprotein family may be involved in processes related to cell adhesion and cell differentiation.
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. ... more Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. It is the sixth mostcommon cause of hospital-acquired infections and the cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most common multidrugresistantgram-negative pathogen in Ventilated Assisted Patient. In our study in 100 patients culture and sensitivity report only 46%were sensitive to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66%resistant to levofloxacin.Objective: To find out resistance of pseudomonas to oral medication.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019. ).100 patient samples (tracheal aspirate, bronchial washing, sputum, pus, urine and blood) were cultured for pseudomonas and itssensitivity to oral medication ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was recorded.Results: Sensitivity to 46% were samples was observed to oral treatment while 54% of th...
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