Developments in geographic information technology have raised the expectations of users. A static... more Developments in geographic information technology have raised the expectations of users. A static map is no longer enough; there is now demand for a dynamic representation. Time is of great importance when operating on real-world geographical phenomena, especially when these are dynamic. Researchers in the field of temporal geographical information systems (TGIS) have been developing methods of incorporating time into geographical information systems. Spatio-temporal analysis embodies spatial modeling, spatio-temporal modeling, spatial reasoning, and data mining. Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analysis contributes to the field of spatio-temporal analysis, presenting innovative ideas and examples that reflect current progress and achievements.
Spatial reasoning is a fundamental part of human cognition, playing an important role in structur... more Spatial reasoning is a fundamental part of human cognition, playing an important role in structuring our activities and relationships with the physical world. A substantial body of spatial data is now available. In order to make effective use of this large quantity of data, the focus of GIS tools must shift towards helping a user derive relevant, high quality information from the data available. Standard GIS tools have lacked focus in this area, with querying capabilities being limited, and requiring a user to have specialised knowledge in areas such as set theory, or Structured Query Language (SQL). A fundamental issue in standard GIS is that, by relying entirely on numerical methods when working with spatial data, vagueness and imprecision can not be handled. Alternatively, qualitative methods for working with spatial data have been developed to address some key limitations in other standard numerical systems. TreeSap is a GIS application that applies qualitative reasoning, with a strong emphasis on providing a user with powerful and intuitive query support. TreeSap's query interface is presented, along with visualisation strategies that address the issue of conveying complex qualitative information to a user. The notion of a relative feature is introduced as an alternative approach to representing spatial information.
ABSTRACT The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platfo... more ABSTRACT The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center (LASAC), Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China and the University of Vienna, Austria. Under this agreement panchromatic and multispectral data of the Chinese ZY-3 satellite are pushed to the server at the University of Vienna for use in education and research. So far, nearly 500 GB of data have been uploaded to the server. This technical note briefly introduces the ZY-3 system and illustrates the implementation of the agreement by the first China-Sat Workshop and several case studies. Some of them are already completed, others are still ongoing. They include a geometric accuracy validation of ZY-3 data, an animated visualization of image quick views on a spherical display to demonstrate the time series of the image coverage for Austria and Laos, and the use of ZY-3 data to study the spread of bark beetle in the province of Lower Austria. An accuracy study of DTMs from ZY-3 stereo data, as well as a land cover analysis and comparison of Austria with ZY-3 and other sensors are still ongoing.
One of the most serious limitations of the agricultural activities in the Northeast of Thailand i... more One of the most serious limitations of the agricultural activities in the Northeast of Thailand is the problem of the soil sources, which are infrastructural factors of agriculture. Nowadays the problems of soil salinity are becoming increasingly severe because of the fact that the salt-affected areas are extensively spreading, bringing about the agricultural produces to decline. Soil salinity is one of the most harmful and comprehensive phenomena among the hazardous effects on the soils and the environment as a result of human activities. The salt source for the saline water in the Northeast of Thailand is primarily derived from rock salt of the Maha Sarakham Formation. As a result, to improve the problems of soil salinity and to prevent the salinity from spreading, it is necessary that the soils should be divided into different categories so that the solution and the improvement will be carried out effectively. The data analysis by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in cor...
This paper discusses the understanding of linguistic knowledge based on two aspects: importance a... more This paper discusses the understanding of linguistic knowledge based on two aspects: importance and uncertainty for which people use linguistic knowledge to simulate the process of spatial decision making. The linguistic knowledge described in this paper is represented as an If-Then rule base, which is generated from spatial information (GIS data or remote sensing data) through a proposed adaptive neural fuzzy network learning. Our goal is to use these If-Then rules instead of numerical values in the analytical models when uncertainty is involved in data. Such a method is expected to solve realistic problems in natural resource analysis and management.
A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Design... more A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Designing and implementing such model has been a challenging task because of its complexity. This paper focuses on operators for a spatio-temporal model. Two types of operators can be contemplated in this model, i.e., static and dynamic operators. Dynamic operators such as create, kill, destroy and reincarnate, which change the system status are identified. These operators are based on author’s previous work on an object oriented approach to design a unified cell tuple based spatio-temporal data model. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraints Language (OCL) are used to design this model. Operations governing the SpatioTemporalClass of this model are discussed here. SpatioTemporalClass is a super-class of ZeroTCellClass, OneTCellClass and TwoTCellClass. Topological notions of point set approach are employed to analyze the various intersections of objects of SpatioTemporalClass. It...
The identification of spatial change processes is one of the most important topics in spatio-temp... more The identification of spatial change processes is one of the most important topics in spatio-temporal data modeling as a basis for spatio-temporal query and analysis. The paper proposes an approach that applies the spaces where the spatiotemporal objects are embedded to identify the change processes. The primitive relations in change processes in two spaces – set-oriented space and topological space are generated. By combination of these relations with set-oriented tools, many change processes can be identified. Furthermore it can help in understanding the different semantics of ‘common-sense’ change processes. The identification approach can be used for query operations and spatial reasoning. As an example, a spatio-temporal query operation is designed in principal, and a query example is implemented as an illustration in the end.
A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Design... more A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Designing and implementing such model has been a challenging task because of its complexity. This paper focuses on operators for a spatio-temporal model. Two types of operators can be contemplated in this model, i.e., static and dynamic operators. Dynamic operators such as create, kill, destroy and reincarnate, which change the system status are identified. These operators are based on author’s previous work on an object oriented approach to design a unified cell tuple based spatio-temporal data model. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraints Language (OCL) are used to design this model. Operations governing the SpatioTemporalClass of this model are discussed here. SpatioTemporalClass is a super-class of ZeroTCellClass, OneTCellClass and TwoTCellClass. Topological notions of point set approach are employed to analyze the various intersections of objects of SpatioTemporalClass. It...
Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is... more Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is still a challenging task. This article focuses on the technical issue of managing data. The core data for urban planning are land-use data, which, if updated frequently, raises the issue of structuring, storing, querying, and displaying the data. Modeling, querying, and displaying changes in land-use data have been a challenge for many designers and urban planners. We propose a novel approach to model land-use changes based on object-oriented concepts and a mathematical theory of cell complexes. For object-oriented concepts, the Unified Modeling Language is used. Each land use is considered as an object. This object is an instance of the SpatioTemporalAttributeClass, which is the aggregation of SpatialClass, TemporalClass, and AttributeClass. The AttributeClass is a metaclass of LanduseClass and EvidenceClass. This article focuses on the AttributeClass (land use). The two types of land ...
Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is... more Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is still a challenging task. This article focuses on the technical issue of managing data. The core data for urban planning are land-use data, which, if updated frequently, raises the issue of structuring, storing, querying, and displaying the data. Modeling, querying, and displaying changes in land-use data have been a challenge for many designers and urban planners. We propose a novel approach to model land-use changes based on object-oriented concepts and a mathematical theory of cell complexes. For object-oriented concepts, the Unified Modeling Language is used. Each land use is considered as an object. This object is an instance of the SpatioTemporalAttributeClass, which is the aggregation of SpatialClass, TemporalClass, and AttributeClass. The AttributeClass is a metaclass of LanduseClass and EvidenceClass. This article focuses on the AttributeClass (land use). The two types of land ...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016
The Gorganrood watershed (GW) is experiencing considerable environmental change in the form of na... more The Gorganrood watershed (GW) is experiencing considerable environmental change in the form of natural hazards and erosion, as well as deforestation, cultivation and development activities. As a result of this, different types of Land Cover/Land Use (LCLU) change are taking place on an intensive level in the area. This research study investigates the LCLU conditions upstream of this watershed for the years
In this research, in order to simulate urban sprawl in Tehran metropolitan area, an agent based m... more In this research, in order to simulate urban sprawl in Tehran metropolitan area, an agent based modeling model was developed through GIS functionalities in ArcGIS software. The most efficient agents were classified into 3 categories such as developer agents, government agents and resident agents. Firstly, it was assumed that resident agents have their own preferences to choose a location to live; therefore, possible locations for settlement by these agents were identified. An AHP weighting system was carried out to differentiate between the effective variables. Secondly, it was assumed that the developer agents look for locations, where they can earn more money arising from their investment. A function was employed to create the probability surface of development in the study area. The final assumption was the government agent considers whether the development applications should be approved or rejected. All predefined agents were combined together through a customized overlay function. A probability surface of development was produced by this combination. Markov chain model was employed to retrieve the amount of changes and afterwards, the amount of change was allocated.
We live in an information society. A large amount of all the information used today is referenced... more We live in an information society. A large amount of all the information used today is referenced to a location in space and time. Geo-information is derived from various types of data acquired by means of Earth observation systems, surveying, photogrammetry, digitization, and other analog or digital sources. In this paper a general framework of spatial data handling with its organizational, societal, and cultural background is presented. We give a description of the technological developments, the mechanisms and procedures that determine the context of Earth observation and spatial data handling as well as their implications on society.
Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a scienc... more Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a science has only been established in the early 20 th century. Great works of cartography include, for instance, the conic map projections by Ptolemy, the Tabula Rogeriana by Idrisi, the Waldseemüller map, and the Mercator map. Numerous cartographers, predominantly mathematicians, have shaped the theory of map projections throughout the centuries. With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) in the 1960s and the rapid developments of digital technologies, cartography found itself in the middle of an identity crisis. For some time, it was not clear whether cartography would become obsolete and be replaced by GIS mapping technologies or whether GIS is a novel manifestation of cartography. During this period various misconceptions about the role of maps and mapping as well as uncertainty about the future developments of mapping in general added to this confusion. This contribution elaborates the major characteristics of cartography versus other disciplines, in particular geography and GIS, and takes a look at possible future directions and developments with regard to the theory of cartography as well as novel and future display technologies. Personal observations of the author during his professional life since the early 1980s illustrate these developments.
Formal methods for the description of spatial relations can be based on mathematical theories of ... more Formal methods for the description of spatial relations can be based on mathematical theories of order. Subdivisions of land are represented as partially ordered sets (posets), a model that is general enough to answer spatial queries about inclusion and containment of spatial areas. After a brief introduction to the basic concepts of posets and lattices, their applications to modeling spatial
Developments in geographic information technology have raised the expectations of users. A static... more Developments in geographic information technology have raised the expectations of users. A static map is no longer enough; there is now demand for a dynamic representation. Time is of great importance when operating on real-world geographical phenomena, especially when these are dynamic. Researchers in the field of temporal geographical information systems (TGIS) have been developing methods of incorporating time into geographical information systems. Spatio-temporal analysis embodies spatial modeling, spatio-temporal modeling, spatial reasoning, and data mining. Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analysis contributes to the field of spatio-temporal analysis, presenting innovative ideas and examples that reflect current progress and achievements.
Spatial reasoning is a fundamental part of human cognition, playing an important role in structur... more Spatial reasoning is a fundamental part of human cognition, playing an important role in structuring our activities and relationships with the physical world. A substantial body of spatial data is now available. In order to make effective use of this large quantity of data, the focus of GIS tools must shift towards helping a user derive relevant, high quality information from the data available. Standard GIS tools have lacked focus in this area, with querying capabilities being limited, and requiring a user to have specialised knowledge in areas such as set theory, or Structured Query Language (SQL). A fundamental issue in standard GIS is that, by relying entirely on numerical methods when working with spatial data, vagueness and imprecision can not be handled. Alternatively, qualitative methods for working with spatial data have been developed to address some key limitations in other standard numerical systems. TreeSap is a GIS application that applies qualitative reasoning, with a strong emphasis on providing a user with powerful and intuitive query support. TreeSap's query interface is presented, along with visualisation strategies that address the issue of conveying complex qualitative information to a user. The notion of a relative feature is introduced as an alternative approach to representing spatial information.
ABSTRACT The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platfo... more ABSTRACT The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center (LASAC), Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China and the University of Vienna, Austria. Under this agreement panchromatic and multispectral data of the Chinese ZY-3 satellite are pushed to the server at the University of Vienna for use in education and research. So far, nearly 500 GB of data have been uploaded to the server. This technical note briefly introduces the ZY-3 system and illustrates the implementation of the agreement by the first China-Sat Workshop and several case studies. Some of them are already completed, others are still ongoing. They include a geometric accuracy validation of ZY-3 data, an animated visualization of image quick views on a spherical display to demonstrate the time series of the image coverage for Austria and Laos, and the use of ZY-3 data to study the spread of bark beetle in the province of Lower Austria. An accuracy study of DTMs from ZY-3 stereo data, as well as a land cover analysis and comparison of Austria with ZY-3 and other sensors are still ongoing.
One of the most serious limitations of the agricultural activities in the Northeast of Thailand i... more One of the most serious limitations of the agricultural activities in the Northeast of Thailand is the problem of the soil sources, which are infrastructural factors of agriculture. Nowadays the problems of soil salinity are becoming increasingly severe because of the fact that the salt-affected areas are extensively spreading, bringing about the agricultural produces to decline. Soil salinity is one of the most harmful and comprehensive phenomena among the hazardous effects on the soils and the environment as a result of human activities. The salt source for the saline water in the Northeast of Thailand is primarily derived from rock salt of the Maha Sarakham Formation. As a result, to improve the problems of soil salinity and to prevent the salinity from spreading, it is necessary that the soils should be divided into different categories so that the solution and the improvement will be carried out effectively. The data analysis by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in cor...
This paper discusses the understanding of linguistic knowledge based on two aspects: importance a... more This paper discusses the understanding of linguistic knowledge based on two aspects: importance and uncertainty for which people use linguistic knowledge to simulate the process of spatial decision making. The linguistic knowledge described in this paper is represented as an If-Then rule base, which is generated from spatial information (GIS data or remote sensing data) through a proposed adaptive neural fuzzy network learning. Our goal is to use these If-Then rules instead of numerical values in the analytical models when uncertainty is involved in data. Such a method is expected to solve realistic problems in natural resource analysis and management.
A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Design... more A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Designing and implementing such model has been a challenging task because of its complexity. This paper focuses on operators for a spatio-temporal model. Two types of operators can be contemplated in this model, i.e., static and dynamic operators. Dynamic operators such as create, kill, destroy and reincarnate, which change the system status are identified. These operators are based on author’s previous work on an object oriented approach to design a unified cell tuple based spatio-temporal data model. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraints Language (OCL) are used to design this model. Operations governing the SpatioTemporalClass of this model are discussed here. SpatioTemporalClass is a super-class of ZeroTCellClass, OneTCellClass and TwoTCellClass. Topological notions of point set approach are employed to analyze the various intersections of objects of SpatioTemporalClass. It...
The identification of spatial change processes is one of the most important topics in spatio-temp... more The identification of spatial change processes is one of the most important topics in spatio-temporal data modeling as a basis for spatio-temporal query and analysis. The paper proposes an approach that applies the spaces where the spatiotemporal objects are embedded to identify the change processes. The primitive relations in change processes in two spaces – set-oriented space and topological space are generated. By combination of these relations with set-oriented tools, many change processes can be identified. Furthermore it can help in understanding the different semantics of ‘common-sense’ change processes. The identification approach can be used for query operations and spatial reasoning. As an example, a spatio-temporal query operation is designed in principal, and a query example is implemented as an illustration in the end.
A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Design... more A spatio-temporal data model consists of data structure, operations and consistency rules. Designing and implementing such model has been a challenging task because of its complexity. This paper focuses on operators for a spatio-temporal model. Two types of operators can be contemplated in this model, i.e., static and dynamic operators. Dynamic operators such as create, kill, destroy and reincarnate, which change the system status are identified. These operators are based on author’s previous work on an object oriented approach to design a unified cell tuple based spatio-temporal data model. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraints Language (OCL) are used to design this model. Operations governing the SpatioTemporalClass of this model are discussed here. SpatioTemporalClass is a super-class of ZeroTCellClass, OneTCellClass and TwoTCellClass. Topological notions of point set approach are employed to analyze the various intersections of objects of SpatioTemporalClass. It...
Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is... more Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is still a challenging task. This article focuses on the technical issue of managing data. The core data for urban planning are land-use data, which, if updated frequently, raises the issue of structuring, storing, querying, and displaying the data. Modeling, querying, and displaying changes in land-use data have been a challenge for many designers and urban planners. We propose a novel approach to model land-use changes based on object-oriented concepts and a mathematical theory of cell complexes. For object-oriented concepts, the Unified Modeling Language is used. Each land use is considered as an object. This object is an instance of the SpatioTemporalAttributeClass, which is the aggregation of SpatialClass, TemporalClass, and AttributeClass. The AttributeClass is a metaclass of LanduseClass and EvidenceClass. This article focuses on the AttributeClass (land use). The two types of land ...
Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is... more Where to get data for urban planning and management is one issue, but how to manage these data is still a challenging task. This article focuses on the technical issue of managing data. The core data for urban planning are land-use data, which, if updated frequently, raises the issue of structuring, storing, querying, and displaying the data. Modeling, querying, and displaying changes in land-use data have been a challenge for many designers and urban planners. We propose a novel approach to model land-use changes based on object-oriented concepts and a mathematical theory of cell complexes. For object-oriented concepts, the Unified Modeling Language is used. Each land use is considered as an object. This object is an instance of the SpatioTemporalAttributeClass, which is the aggregation of SpatialClass, TemporalClass, and AttributeClass. The AttributeClass is a metaclass of LanduseClass and EvidenceClass. This article focuses on the AttributeClass (land use). The two types of land ...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016
The Gorganrood watershed (GW) is experiencing considerable environmental change in the form of na... more The Gorganrood watershed (GW) is experiencing considerable environmental change in the form of natural hazards and erosion, as well as deforestation, cultivation and development activities. As a result of this, different types of Land Cover/Land Use (LCLU) change are taking place on an intensive level in the area. This research study investigates the LCLU conditions upstream of this watershed for the years
In this research, in order to simulate urban sprawl in Tehran metropolitan area, an agent based m... more In this research, in order to simulate urban sprawl in Tehran metropolitan area, an agent based modeling model was developed through GIS functionalities in ArcGIS software. The most efficient agents were classified into 3 categories such as developer agents, government agents and resident agents. Firstly, it was assumed that resident agents have their own preferences to choose a location to live; therefore, possible locations for settlement by these agents were identified. An AHP weighting system was carried out to differentiate between the effective variables. Secondly, it was assumed that the developer agents look for locations, where they can earn more money arising from their investment. A function was employed to create the probability surface of development in the study area. The final assumption was the government agent considers whether the development applications should be approved or rejected. All predefined agents were combined together through a customized overlay function. A probability surface of development was produced by this combination. Markov chain model was employed to retrieve the amount of changes and afterwards, the amount of change was allocated.
We live in an information society. A large amount of all the information used today is referenced... more We live in an information society. A large amount of all the information used today is referenced to a location in space and time. Geo-information is derived from various types of data acquired by means of Earth observation systems, surveying, photogrammetry, digitization, and other analog or digital sources. In this paper a general framework of spatial data handling with its organizational, societal, and cultural background is presented. We give a description of the technological developments, the mechanisms and procedures that determine the context of Earth observation and spatial data handling as well as their implications on society.
Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a scienc... more Although cartographic products have been produced for thousands of years, cartography as a science has only been established in the early 20 th century. Great works of cartography include, for instance, the conic map projections by Ptolemy, the Tabula Rogeriana by Idrisi, the Waldseemüller map, and the Mercator map. Numerous cartographers, predominantly mathematicians, have shaped the theory of map projections throughout the centuries. With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) in the 1960s and the rapid developments of digital technologies, cartography found itself in the middle of an identity crisis. For some time, it was not clear whether cartography would become obsolete and be replaced by GIS mapping technologies or whether GIS is a novel manifestation of cartography. During this period various misconceptions about the role of maps and mapping as well as uncertainty about the future developments of mapping in general added to this confusion. This contribution elaborates the major characteristics of cartography versus other disciplines, in particular geography and GIS, and takes a look at possible future directions and developments with regard to the theory of cartography as well as novel and future display technologies. Personal observations of the author during his professional life since the early 1980s illustrate these developments.
Formal methods for the description of spatial relations can be based on mathematical theories of ... more Formal methods for the description of spatial relations can be based on mathematical theories of order. Subdivisions of land are represented as partially ordered sets (posets), a model that is general enough to answer spatial queries about inclusion and containment of spatial areas. After a brief introduction to the basic concepts of posets and lattices, their applications to modeling spatial
Uploads
Papers by Wolfgang Kainz