Downer cow can be caused by muscular paralysis, neurological damage, metabolic disorder, and/or t... more Downer cow can be caused by muscular paralysis, neurological damage, metabolic disorder, and/or the complication of microbial infection. However, downer cow with unknown etiology is issued because of the non-detection of its bacterial etiological agent. In this study, differences in the bacterial community in brain tissues between downer cattle with unknown etiology and healthy slaughtered cattle are investigated. Bacterial diversity and representative genera between downer and normal cattle were significantly different (p < 0.05). There are significant differences in representative genera of downer and normal cattle, especially the significance, fold change, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the prediction of functional genes in brain microbiota between the downer and normal cattle revealed differences in the cluster of orthologous gene categories, such as lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis...
The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food an... more The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food and water security of the densely populated Indian subcontinent. The two dominant spatial modes of ISMR variability are associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the strength of the semi-permanent monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions, respectively. ENSO strongly influences the ISMR, but the temporal and regional variability of this teleconnection is not well understood. Our analysis shows that the teleconnection between ENSO and ISMR increased consistently between 1901 to 1940, from a moderate to substantially strong correlation, remained stable at a strong correlation during 1941 to 1980, and then decreased consistently again to a moderate correlation in the recent period, 1981 to 2020. We have also explored the regional variability based on the consistency in the ENSO–ISMR relationship. We identify three regions—namely north, central and south I...
Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritiona... more Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middl...
The north Indian Ocean accounts for 6% of the global tropical cyclones annually. Despite the smal... more The north Indian Ocean accounts for 6% of the global tropical cyclones annually. Despite the small fraction of cyclones, some of the most devastating cyclones have formed in this basin, causing extensive damage to the life and property in the north Indian Ocean rim countries. In this review article, we highlight the advancement in research in terms of ocean-atmosphere interaction during cyclones in the north Indian Ocean and identify the gap areas where our understanding is still lacking. There is a two-way ocean-atmosphere interaction during cyclones in the north Indian Ocean. High sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of magnitude 28-29°C and above provide favorable conditions for the genesis and evolution of cyclones in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. On the other hand, cyclones induce cold and salty wakes. Cyclone induced cooling depends on the translation speed of the cyclone, wind power input, ocean stratification, and the subsurface
A large amount of textile waste is generated every year around the globe. The textile product mad... more A large amount of textile waste is generated every year around the globe. The textile product made from natural fibers might be vermicomposted and used as fertilizer. The present study aimed to research an integrated system of pre-composting (pathogen kill) and vermicomposting with various levels of post-consumer cotton waste to determine if this addition has any effects on the composting process. A vermicompost bin was constructed and filled with feedstocks mixed with post-consumer cotton textile waste at a 25:1 C:N ratio, and operated for three months at approximately 70% moisture content, with four composting trials with 0 g (control), 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g of textile waste. The pre-composting stage reached a temperature ranging from 40 °C to 50 °C, able to neutralize the pathogens. All four trials resulted in final compost with C: N ratios around 14, proving that post-consumer cotton textile waste did not affect the vermicomposting process, and was successfully used as a carbo...
We tested the effect of adenine sulfate on the in vitro behavior of the explants from Trifolium r... more We tested the effect of adenine sulfate on the in vitro behavior of the explants from Trifolium repens L bud. After 40 days of in vitro culture observations were made on the regeneration percentage of the explant, on the number of generated neoplantlets and on their length, on the differentiation of the root system and last, but not least on the formation of nodules on the roots. Adenine sulfate in the medium has generated the formation of a greater number of neoplantlets, when it is associated in the medium with cytokinine. The experiment has shown the fact that from cytokinine, benzyl adenine (BA) with adenine sulfate in low dose of 1 mg/l has stimulated a good regeneration percentage (80%), with a balanced number of plants (about 8 plants/explant), but also the formation of nodules along the root system, much thickened as in the absence of adenine sulfate. The best variant proved to be V6 (MS+1.0mg/l Z +0.1mg/lAIA+40mg/lAdSO4) containing zeatine which stimulated the parameters un...
A harmonic rejection receiver (HRRX) that utilizes discrete-level PWM to implement a sinusoidal L... more A harmonic rejection receiver (HRRX) that utilizes discrete-level PWM to implement a sinusoidal LO with intrinsic harmonic rejection is demonstrated. The PWM LO is employed in a switching mixer. The receiver can be configured to provide additional harmonic rejection, by employing multi-phase paths, with appropriate baseband gain coefficients. The PWM generator employs parallel delay-locked loops (DLLs) to implement a 3level natural-sampling dual-edge (NDE) PWM sinusoidal LO signal, with rejection of the 3 rd , 5 th , and 7 th LO harmonics. Gain control using LO-path pulse-width control is demonstrated. The design is implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. The receiver gain with harmonic rejection is 26.4-30.1 dB in multi-phase LO configuration, and 28-31.8 dB in single-phase configuration. The DSBNF at peak gain is 5.8 dB. The design demonstrates worstcase HR3 and HR5 ratios of 47 and 49 dB without calibration for f LO =100 MHz in the multi-phase configuration, with a total power dissipation of 41.1 mW. With calibration, a single-phase peak HRR higher than 73 dB for 3 rd , 5 th and 7 th LO harmonics is demonstrated. Gain dependence of the HRR is studied.
, was the first very severe cyclone to form over the Lakshadweep Sea since 1925, resulting in a d... more , was the first very severe cyclone to form over the Lakshadweep Sea since 1925, resulting in a death toll of 844 in India and Sri Lanka. The distance travelled, duration and accumulated cyclone energy were significantly larger for cyclone Ockhi, in comparison with the climatological cyclone records. It intensified rapidly from a depression to a cyclone in a span of 9 h and further to a very severe cyclone in 24 h. The present study shows that the Madden-Julian Oscillation and warm oceanic conditions provided favourable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for the genesis of cyclone Ockhi. The favourable thermodynamic conditions due to warm sea-surface temperature over southeast Arabian Sea also helped in the intensification of the cyclone during its early and mature stages. Meanwhile, the unusual long track was steered by upper-level winds. The vital role of ocean temperature in the genesis and rapid intensification of the cyclone highlights the need for efficiently incorporating the coupled oceanatmospheric conditions in cyclone forecast models. The Arabian Sea needs to be closely monitored for future storms since climate projections indicate that the rapid warming in the basin will continue into the future.
Climatologically, the frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is higher r... more Climatologically, the frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is higher relative to that over the Arabian Sea (ARB). However, recent years exhibit a greater number of TCs forming in the ARB than in the BoB. During the study period (1982-2019), a significant increasing trend in the intensity, frequency, and duration of cyclonic storms (CS) and very severe CS (VSCS) is observed over the ARB. There is a 52% increase in the frequency of CS during the recent epoch (2001-2019) in the ARB, while there is a decrease of 8% in the BoB. Over the ARB, increment in CS duration is 80% and VSCS is almost threefold in the recent epoch as compared to the past epoch (1982-2000). Also, lifetime maximum intensity and accumulated cyclone energy have increased over the ARB implying an increase in the strength of TCs. The increase in TC duration over the ARB is prominent during May, June, and October and a decrease over the BoB is noted during November. The increase in the duration of TCs in the ARB is associated with an increase in mid-level relative humidity and column averaged (950-150 hPa) moist static energy, which is significantly correlated to an increase in sea surface temperatures and tropical cyclone heat potential in the basin. In the recent epoch, TC genesis is observed at lower latitudes (< 8° N), which is another factor contributing to longer durations of TCs. This increases the probability of TC intensification with the support from other favourable environmental parameters. Significant changes in TC tracks are also noted in May, June, and October due to changes in steering currents.
In this study, for the first time, the approximate solution of Black-Scholes option pricing distr... more In this study, for the first time, the approximate solution of Black-Scholes option pricing distributed order time-fractional partial differential equation by means of Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets is considered. The operational matrices of Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets for integer order derivative and distributed order fractional derivative are derived. Furthermore, the combination of Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula and standard Tau method along with the obtained operational matrices reduces the distributed order time-fractional Black-Scholes model (DOTFBSM) into the system of linear algebraic equations. Convergence analysis, error bounds and numerical stability of the proposed approach are discussed in detail. The presented scheme is applied on three test examples and numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results and illustrate robustness of the presented method. The results produced by current approach are found to be more accurate than some available results.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2018
This paper presents a mixed-signal broadband channelizer that employs digital post-processing for... more This paper presents a mixed-signal broadband channelizer that employs digital post-processing for reducing the analog anti-aliasing requirement in an N-path frequency-folding receiver architecture. In the approach, a signal of bandwidth Nf LO /2 is downconverted using N phases of a rectangular pulse waveform at a fundamental frequency of f LO with a duty-cycle of 1/N. All parts of the input are aliased onto a baseband signal of bandwidth f LO /2, which is low-pass filtered and applied to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), with each path employing identical sampling clocks. A digital equalization technique is described that can be utilized to recover the complete broadband input similar to a high-speed ADC, or recover each channelized and down-converted sub-band, similar to a bank of mixers while performing digital-domain harmonic and image rejection. The equalization technique is analyzed in the context of a previously demonstrated channelizer IC. It is shown that the application of the equalization can result in 50-dB broadband SNR over 1-GHz input bandwidth, using eight paths with 10-bit sub-ADCs, with third-order anti-aliasing analog filters. Signal reconstruction methodologies for a multi-tone input and for signals that are aperiodic in the processing window are also described.
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2014
New sources of energy have to replace fossil fuels because of a-man made ecological catastrophe. ... more New sources of energy have to replace fossil fuels because of a-man made ecological catastrophe. In this article there is a question of biofuel as an alternative source of energy in the world. The types of this renewable source of energy are revealed and analyzed. This paper quantify biofuel by presentation what it is, advantages and disadvantages of using this type of energy and how it uses. There is an investigation of future of biofuel. Key words: biofuel, alternative source of energy. Introduction The world is interested in location of a renewable energy source to substitute fossil fuels. There is a global ecological problem, and using of traditional energy is one of the reasons of this disaster. Biofuel is a totally renewable source. It is always possible to resume biomass products. Biofuel is often used in some countries, such as Sri Lanka, China, India and in some regions in Africa. Main discussion There are many types of biofuel. Biofuel energy can be shared mainly in two generations. They are called First Generation Biofuels and Second Generation Biofuels. The First Generation includes sugar, starch, vegetable oil or animal fats. These products are turned into fuel using already-known processes. These fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogasses, like methane captured from landfill decomposition. This generation is the "original" and constitutes the majority of biofuels currently in use [3]. The Second Generation includes non-food crops like switch-grass, willow or wood chips. The most these fuels are underdevelopment and not widely available for use. Biofuel source of energy has many advantages. They are: 1. Biofuel emits less than fossil fuels. Biofuel is friendly to ecology.
International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics, 2018
Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures, representing 1.2% of a... more Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures, representing 1.2% of all fractures. These fractures are common in two age groups: as higher-energy fractures in younger patients and lower-energy fractures in elderly patients secondary to osteopenia. In the younger population, these injuries are associated with an increased incidence of complications like nonunion, infection, restriction of motion, and post-traumatic arthritis. The study aimed for final outcome of proximal tibial fracture using locking compression plate by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO).Methods: 30 cases of proximal tibial fractures were treated by using locking compression plate and studied from December 2015 to November 2017 in Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. S.N. Medical College associated group of Hospitals, Jodhpur.Results: All the selected 30 cases were followed up for 6 months. The average time for union of fracture was 21 weeks ranging from 18-24 weeks. ...
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2016
The materials chosen for construction should be pollution and should not endanger the resources. ... more The materials chosen for construction should be pollution and should not endanger the resources. They should be conveniently used by the ordinary people and be low in monetary cost. Coconut fiber and chalk powder are abundant, versatile, renewable and cheap. Reusing of chalk powder reduces the waste released by various schools, colleges and educational institutions. Coconut Fiber is light in weight and is consistent in high quality. The aim of this experimental study was to check whether there is a possibility of using the coconut fiber and chalk powder in addition to the other constituents of concrete and to study the strength properties. In the present study the deformation properties of concrete cubes under static loading condition and the behavior of structural components in terms of compressive strength for conventional concrete(CC), chalk powder reinforced concrete (CPRC) and coconut fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC) has been studied. In this project we have prepared 21 cubes out of which 3 are CC, 3 CPRC(1%), 3 CPRC(2%), 3 CPRC (3%), 3 CFRC(1%), 3 CFRC(2%), 3 CFRC(3%). To identify the effects on workability, workability tests such slump cone test was conducted on the cubes prepared by conventional concrete, chalk powder and coconut fiber. The standard cubes for CC, CPRC and CFRC were casted and tested under CTM (compression testing machine). We conclude that there is a decrement by 4.4% in compressive strength of CP (1%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 2.8% in compressive strength of CP (2%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 8.4% in compressive strength of CP (3%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 2% in compressive strength of CF (1%) when compared to CC. There is a increment by 1.7% in compressive strength of CF (2%) when compared to CC. There is a increment by 4.2% in compressive strength of CF (3%) when compared to CC.
2015 IEEE Dallas Circuits and Systems Conference (DCAS), 2015
A digital post-processing approach for reducing the anti-aliasing requirement in a frequency-fold... more A digital post-processing approach for reducing the anti-aliasing requirement in a frequency-folding channelizer architecture is described. The channelizer decomposes a broadband spectrum into multiple sub-bands. A signal of bandwidth N/2fLO is downconverted into N paths that are clocked using rectangular, non-overlapping pulse waveforms at a fundamental frequency of fLO with a duty-cycle of 1/N. All portions of the input are aliased onto a baseband signal of bandwidth fLO/2, which is low-pass filtered and applied to N sub-ADCs with identical sampling clocks. Individual sub-bands are selected in the digital domain. Aliasing between sub-bands is also removed after digitization. This is used to reduce the order of the anti-aliasing filters in the analog signal paths, which can potentially reduce power and design complexity. It is shown that a filter-order of at least one is necessary in the analog-domain to apply digital post-processing. The approach is verified in simulation.
International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research, 2016
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the reversible anti-fertility effect of Ocimum sanctum L... more Present study was undertaken to evaluate the reversible anti-fertility effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) on male mice. Aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum was orally administered (0.1ml) for 10 (P < 0.05), 20 (P < 0.01), 30 (P < 0.001), 40 (P < 0.001) and 50 (P < 0.001) days of exposure. Treatment of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum showed significant decrease in sperm counts during 10 (P<0.1), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.01), 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. Motility of spermatozoa also declined significantly in treated group after 10 (P<0.01), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.001) 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. However, abnormality of spermatozoa increased significantly in treated group of mice during 10 (P<0.01), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.001) 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. Thus significant decrease in sperm counts, motility and increased abnormality of spermatozoa altered the seminal quality which caused infertility among treated group of mice. Effect of the treatment on reproductive organs and fertility was also investigated. The results revealed that Ocimum treatment caused decrease in the weight of reproductive organs viz., testis (P<0.001), epididymis (P<0.01), seminal vesicle (P<0.001), vas deferens (P<0.01) and ventral prostate (P<0.001) significantly when compared to the control group. The recovery group of animal, which also received 50 days treatment, was maintained for 90 days without any treatment to check the reversibility. All the animals after the recovery period showed normal fertility rate. Thus Ocimum sanctum adversely affects fertility in mice and showed anti-fertility effect among them. From this we can conclude that Ocimum sanctum can be used as a potent anti-fertility agent which is reversible.
Since the population of world is increasing at a very faster rate, the demand for the basic neces... more Since the population of world is increasing at a very faster rate, the demand for the basic necessities is also increasing. Such necessities include food, clothing, shelter etc, the main challenge the government is facing is the increasing demand for the power generation for the entire population which is necessary for any country to be called a developed nation. The demand for shelter is being met by the very rapid rate of colonization which if not properly controlled will definitely lead to reduction in net sown area, increased deforestation and various ecol ogical problems. So the trend is to build the multi-storey buildings on a very small piece of land. It has been observed that the buildings in metropolitan city are very close t o each other and sometimes they are not properly oriented to the sun. Again the present era construction is being carried out underground such as the ones used in colleges for constructing library, laboratory, and metro stations. So the interior of the...
A field experiment was conducted at the Integrated Research Farm of Himalayan College of Agricult... more A field experiment was conducted at the Integrated Research Farm of Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST) at Bandegaon, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2009 to scrutinize the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on the growth, yield and soil nutrient status to tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten). Following a randomized complete block design, 9 treatments with 3 replications were maintained. The study revealed that the integration of organic manures in combination with inorganic fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall plant growth, yield and soil macro nutrient status than the sole application of either of these nutrients. Maximum plant height and number of leaves per plant were observed with treatment 16.66 mt/ha FYM + 8.33 mt/ha Vermicompost + NPK. The earlier of days to 50% flowering was observed in treatment 20 mt/ha FYM. Highest number of fruit clusters, maximum fruit weight and fruit yield (25.74 mt/ha) were recorded ...
Downer cow can be caused by muscular paralysis, neurological damage, metabolic disorder, and/or t... more Downer cow can be caused by muscular paralysis, neurological damage, metabolic disorder, and/or the complication of microbial infection. However, downer cow with unknown etiology is issued because of the non-detection of its bacterial etiological agent. In this study, differences in the bacterial community in brain tissues between downer cattle with unknown etiology and healthy slaughtered cattle are investigated. Bacterial diversity and representative genera between downer and normal cattle were significantly different (p < 0.05). There are significant differences in representative genera of downer and normal cattle, especially the significance, fold change, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the prediction of functional genes in brain microbiota between the downer and normal cattle revealed differences in the cluster of orthologous gene categories, such as lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis...
The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food an... more The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food and water security of the densely populated Indian subcontinent. The two dominant spatial modes of ISMR variability are associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the strength of the semi-permanent monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions, respectively. ENSO strongly influences the ISMR, but the temporal and regional variability of this teleconnection is not well understood. Our analysis shows that the teleconnection between ENSO and ISMR increased consistently between 1901 to 1940, from a moderate to substantially strong correlation, remained stable at a strong correlation during 1941 to 1980, and then decreased consistently again to a moderate correlation in the recent period, 1981 to 2020. We have also explored the regional variability based on the consistency in the ENSO–ISMR relationship. We identify three regions—namely north, central and south I...
Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritiona... more Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middl...
The north Indian Ocean accounts for 6% of the global tropical cyclones annually. Despite the smal... more The north Indian Ocean accounts for 6% of the global tropical cyclones annually. Despite the small fraction of cyclones, some of the most devastating cyclones have formed in this basin, causing extensive damage to the life and property in the north Indian Ocean rim countries. In this review article, we highlight the advancement in research in terms of ocean-atmosphere interaction during cyclones in the north Indian Ocean and identify the gap areas where our understanding is still lacking. There is a two-way ocean-atmosphere interaction during cyclones in the north Indian Ocean. High sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of magnitude 28-29°C and above provide favorable conditions for the genesis and evolution of cyclones in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. On the other hand, cyclones induce cold and salty wakes. Cyclone induced cooling depends on the translation speed of the cyclone, wind power input, ocean stratification, and the subsurface
A large amount of textile waste is generated every year around the globe. The textile product mad... more A large amount of textile waste is generated every year around the globe. The textile product made from natural fibers might be vermicomposted and used as fertilizer. The present study aimed to research an integrated system of pre-composting (pathogen kill) and vermicomposting with various levels of post-consumer cotton waste to determine if this addition has any effects on the composting process. A vermicompost bin was constructed and filled with feedstocks mixed with post-consumer cotton textile waste at a 25:1 C:N ratio, and operated for three months at approximately 70% moisture content, with four composting trials with 0 g (control), 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g of textile waste. The pre-composting stage reached a temperature ranging from 40 °C to 50 °C, able to neutralize the pathogens. All four trials resulted in final compost with C: N ratios around 14, proving that post-consumer cotton textile waste did not affect the vermicomposting process, and was successfully used as a carbo...
We tested the effect of adenine sulfate on the in vitro behavior of the explants from Trifolium r... more We tested the effect of adenine sulfate on the in vitro behavior of the explants from Trifolium repens L bud. After 40 days of in vitro culture observations were made on the regeneration percentage of the explant, on the number of generated neoplantlets and on their length, on the differentiation of the root system and last, but not least on the formation of nodules on the roots. Adenine sulfate in the medium has generated the formation of a greater number of neoplantlets, when it is associated in the medium with cytokinine. The experiment has shown the fact that from cytokinine, benzyl adenine (BA) with adenine sulfate in low dose of 1 mg/l has stimulated a good regeneration percentage (80%), with a balanced number of plants (about 8 plants/explant), but also the formation of nodules along the root system, much thickened as in the absence of adenine sulfate. The best variant proved to be V6 (MS+1.0mg/l Z +0.1mg/lAIA+40mg/lAdSO4) containing zeatine which stimulated the parameters un...
A harmonic rejection receiver (HRRX) that utilizes discrete-level PWM to implement a sinusoidal L... more A harmonic rejection receiver (HRRX) that utilizes discrete-level PWM to implement a sinusoidal LO with intrinsic harmonic rejection is demonstrated. The PWM LO is employed in a switching mixer. The receiver can be configured to provide additional harmonic rejection, by employing multi-phase paths, with appropriate baseband gain coefficients. The PWM generator employs parallel delay-locked loops (DLLs) to implement a 3level natural-sampling dual-edge (NDE) PWM sinusoidal LO signal, with rejection of the 3 rd , 5 th , and 7 th LO harmonics. Gain control using LO-path pulse-width control is demonstrated. The design is implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. The receiver gain with harmonic rejection is 26.4-30.1 dB in multi-phase LO configuration, and 28-31.8 dB in single-phase configuration. The DSBNF at peak gain is 5.8 dB. The design demonstrates worstcase HR3 and HR5 ratios of 47 and 49 dB without calibration for f LO =100 MHz in the multi-phase configuration, with a total power dissipation of 41.1 mW. With calibration, a single-phase peak HRR higher than 73 dB for 3 rd , 5 th and 7 th LO harmonics is demonstrated. Gain dependence of the HRR is studied.
, was the first very severe cyclone to form over the Lakshadweep Sea since 1925, resulting in a d... more , was the first very severe cyclone to form over the Lakshadweep Sea since 1925, resulting in a death toll of 844 in India and Sri Lanka. The distance travelled, duration and accumulated cyclone energy were significantly larger for cyclone Ockhi, in comparison with the climatological cyclone records. It intensified rapidly from a depression to a cyclone in a span of 9 h and further to a very severe cyclone in 24 h. The present study shows that the Madden-Julian Oscillation and warm oceanic conditions provided favourable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for the genesis of cyclone Ockhi. The favourable thermodynamic conditions due to warm sea-surface temperature over southeast Arabian Sea also helped in the intensification of the cyclone during its early and mature stages. Meanwhile, the unusual long track was steered by upper-level winds. The vital role of ocean temperature in the genesis and rapid intensification of the cyclone highlights the need for efficiently incorporating the coupled oceanatmospheric conditions in cyclone forecast models. The Arabian Sea needs to be closely monitored for future storms since climate projections indicate that the rapid warming in the basin will continue into the future.
Climatologically, the frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is higher r... more Climatologically, the frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is higher relative to that over the Arabian Sea (ARB). However, recent years exhibit a greater number of TCs forming in the ARB than in the BoB. During the study period (1982-2019), a significant increasing trend in the intensity, frequency, and duration of cyclonic storms (CS) and very severe CS (VSCS) is observed over the ARB. There is a 52% increase in the frequency of CS during the recent epoch (2001-2019) in the ARB, while there is a decrease of 8% in the BoB. Over the ARB, increment in CS duration is 80% and VSCS is almost threefold in the recent epoch as compared to the past epoch (1982-2000). Also, lifetime maximum intensity and accumulated cyclone energy have increased over the ARB implying an increase in the strength of TCs. The increase in TC duration over the ARB is prominent during May, June, and October and a decrease over the BoB is noted during November. The increase in the duration of TCs in the ARB is associated with an increase in mid-level relative humidity and column averaged (950-150 hPa) moist static energy, which is significantly correlated to an increase in sea surface temperatures and tropical cyclone heat potential in the basin. In the recent epoch, TC genesis is observed at lower latitudes (< 8° N), which is another factor contributing to longer durations of TCs. This increases the probability of TC intensification with the support from other favourable environmental parameters. Significant changes in TC tracks are also noted in May, June, and October due to changes in steering currents.
In this study, for the first time, the approximate solution of Black-Scholes option pricing distr... more In this study, for the first time, the approximate solution of Black-Scholes option pricing distributed order time-fractional partial differential equation by means of Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets is considered. The operational matrices of Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets for integer order derivative and distributed order fractional derivative are derived. Furthermore, the combination of Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula and standard Tau method along with the obtained operational matrices reduces the distributed order time-fractional Black-Scholes model (DOTFBSM) into the system of linear algebraic equations. Convergence analysis, error bounds and numerical stability of the proposed approach are discussed in detail. The presented scheme is applied on three test examples and numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results and illustrate robustness of the presented method. The results produced by current approach are found to be more accurate than some available results.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2018
This paper presents a mixed-signal broadband channelizer that employs digital post-processing for... more This paper presents a mixed-signal broadband channelizer that employs digital post-processing for reducing the analog anti-aliasing requirement in an N-path frequency-folding receiver architecture. In the approach, a signal of bandwidth Nf LO /2 is downconverted using N phases of a rectangular pulse waveform at a fundamental frequency of f LO with a duty-cycle of 1/N. All parts of the input are aliased onto a baseband signal of bandwidth f LO /2, which is low-pass filtered and applied to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), with each path employing identical sampling clocks. A digital equalization technique is described that can be utilized to recover the complete broadband input similar to a high-speed ADC, or recover each channelized and down-converted sub-band, similar to a bank of mixers while performing digital-domain harmonic and image rejection. The equalization technique is analyzed in the context of a previously demonstrated channelizer IC. It is shown that the application of the equalization can result in 50-dB broadband SNR over 1-GHz input bandwidth, using eight paths with 10-bit sub-ADCs, with third-order anti-aliasing analog filters. Signal reconstruction methodologies for a multi-tone input and for signals that are aperiodic in the processing window are also described.
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, 2014
New sources of energy have to replace fossil fuels because of a-man made ecological catastrophe. ... more New sources of energy have to replace fossil fuels because of a-man made ecological catastrophe. In this article there is a question of biofuel as an alternative source of energy in the world. The types of this renewable source of energy are revealed and analyzed. This paper quantify biofuel by presentation what it is, advantages and disadvantages of using this type of energy and how it uses. There is an investigation of future of biofuel. Key words: biofuel, alternative source of energy. Introduction The world is interested in location of a renewable energy source to substitute fossil fuels. There is a global ecological problem, and using of traditional energy is one of the reasons of this disaster. Biofuel is a totally renewable source. It is always possible to resume biomass products. Biofuel is often used in some countries, such as Sri Lanka, China, India and in some regions in Africa. Main discussion There are many types of biofuel. Biofuel energy can be shared mainly in two generations. They are called First Generation Biofuels and Second Generation Biofuels. The First Generation includes sugar, starch, vegetable oil or animal fats. These products are turned into fuel using already-known processes. These fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogasses, like methane captured from landfill decomposition. This generation is the "original" and constitutes the majority of biofuels currently in use [3]. The Second Generation includes non-food crops like switch-grass, willow or wood chips. The most these fuels are underdevelopment and not widely available for use. Biofuel source of energy has many advantages. They are: 1. Biofuel emits less than fossil fuels. Biofuel is friendly to ecology.
International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics, 2018
Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures, representing 1.2% of a... more Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures, representing 1.2% of all fractures. These fractures are common in two age groups: as higher-energy fractures in younger patients and lower-energy fractures in elderly patients secondary to osteopenia. In the younger population, these injuries are associated with an increased incidence of complications like nonunion, infection, restriction of motion, and post-traumatic arthritis. The study aimed for final outcome of proximal tibial fracture using locking compression plate by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO).Methods: 30 cases of proximal tibial fractures were treated by using locking compression plate and studied from December 2015 to November 2017 in Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. S.N. Medical College associated group of Hospitals, Jodhpur.Results: All the selected 30 cases were followed up for 6 months. The average time for union of fracture was 21 weeks ranging from 18-24 weeks. ...
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2016
The materials chosen for construction should be pollution and should not endanger the resources. ... more The materials chosen for construction should be pollution and should not endanger the resources. They should be conveniently used by the ordinary people and be low in monetary cost. Coconut fiber and chalk powder are abundant, versatile, renewable and cheap. Reusing of chalk powder reduces the waste released by various schools, colleges and educational institutions. Coconut Fiber is light in weight and is consistent in high quality. The aim of this experimental study was to check whether there is a possibility of using the coconut fiber and chalk powder in addition to the other constituents of concrete and to study the strength properties. In the present study the deformation properties of concrete cubes under static loading condition and the behavior of structural components in terms of compressive strength for conventional concrete(CC), chalk powder reinforced concrete (CPRC) and coconut fiber reinforced concrete(CFRC) has been studied. In this project we have prepared 21 cubes out of which 3 are CC, 3 CPRC(1%), 3 CPRC(2%), 3 CPRC (3%), 3 CFRC(1%), 3 CFRC(2%), 3 CFRC(3%). To identify the effects on workability, workability tests such slump cone test was conducted on the cubes prepared by conventional concrete, chalk powder and coconut fiber. The standard cubes for CC, CPRC and CFRC were casted and tested under CTM (compression testing machine). We conclude that there is a decrement by 4.4% in compressive strength of CP (1%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 2.8% in compressive strength of CP (2%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 8.4% in compressive strength of CP (3%) when compared to CC. There is a decrement by 2% in compressive strength of CF (1%) when compared to CC. There is a increment by 1.7% in compressive strength of CF (2%) when compared to CC. There is a increment by 4.2% in compressive strength of CF (3%) when compared to CC.
2015 IEEE Dallas Circuits and Systems Conference (DCAS), 2015
A digital post-processing approach for reducing the anti-aliasing requirement in a frequency-fold... more A digital post-processing approach for reducing the anti-aliasing requirement in a frequency-folding channelizer architecture is described. The channelizer decomposes a broadband spectrum into multiple sub-bands. A signal of bandwidth N/2fLO is downconverted into N paths that are clocked using rectangular, non-overlapping pulse waveforms at a fundamental frequency of fLO with a duty-cycle of 1/N. All portions of the input are aliased onto a baseband signal of bandwidth fLO/2, which is low-pass filtered and applied to N sub-ADCs with identical sampling clocks. Individual sub-bands are selected in the digital domain. Aliasing between sub-bands is also removed after digitization. This is used to reduce the order of the anti-aliasing filters in the analog signal paths, which can potentially reduce power and design complexity. It is shown that a filter-order of at least one is necessary in the analog-domain to apply digital post-processing. The approach is verified in simulation.
International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research, 2016
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the reversible anti-fertility effect of Ocimum sanctum L... more Present study was undertaken to evaluate the reversible anti-fertility effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) on male mice. Aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum was orally administered (0.1ml) for 10 (P < 0.05), 20 (P < 0.01), 30 (P < 0.001), 40 (P < 0.001) and 50 (P < 0.001) days of exposure. Treatment of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum showed significant decrease in sperm counts during 10 (P<0.1), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.01), 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. Motility of spermatozoa also declined significantly in treated group after 10 (P<0.01), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.001) 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. However, abnormality of spermatozoa increased significantly in treated group of mice during 10 (P<0.01), 20 (P<0.01), 30 (P<0.001) 40 (P<0.001) and 50 (P<0.001) days treatment than the control. Thus significant decrease in sperm counts, motility and increased abnormality of spermatozoa altered the seminal quality which caused infertility among treated group of mice. Effect of the treatment on reproductive organs and fertility was also investigated. The results revealed that Ocimum treatment caused decrease in the weight of reproductive organs viz., testis (P<0.001), epididymis (P<0.01), seminal vesicle (P<0.001), vas deferens (P<0.01) and ventral prostate (P<0.001) significantly when compared to the control group. The recovery group of animal, which also received 50 days treatment, was maintained for 90 days without any treatment to check the reversibility. All the animals after the recovery period showed normal fertility rate. Thus Ocimum sanctum adversely affects fertility in mice and showed anti-fertility effect among them. From this we can conclude that Ocimum sanctum can be used as a potent anti-fertility agent which is reversible.
Since the population of world is increasing at a very faster rate, the demand for the basic neces... more Since the population of world is increasing at a very faster rate, the demand for the basic necessities is also increasing. Such necessities include food, clothing, shelter etc, the main challenge the government is facing is the increasing demand for the power generation for the entire population which is necessary for any country to be called a developed nation. The demand for shelter is being met by the very rapid rate of colonization which if not properly controlled will definitely lead to reduction in net sown area, increased deforestation and various ecol ogical problems. So the trend is to build the multi-storey buildings on a very small piece of land. It has been observed that the buildings in metropolitan city are very close t o each other and sometimes they are not properly oriented to the sun. Again the present era construction is being carried out underground such as the ones used in colleges for constructing library, laboratory, and metro stations. So the interior of the...
A field experiment was conducted at the Integrated Research Farm of Himalayan College of Agricult... more A field experiment was conducted at the Integrated Research Farm of Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST) at Bandegaon, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2009 to scrutinize the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on the growth, yield and soil nutrient status to tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten). Following a randomized complete block design, 9 treatments with 3 replications were maintained. The study revealed that the integration of organic manures in combination with inorganic fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall plant growth, yield and soil macro nutrient status than the sole application of either of these nutrients. Maximum plant height and number of leaves per plant were observed with treatment 16.66 mt/ha FYM + 8.33 mt/ha Vermicompost + NPK. The earlier of days to 50% flowering was observed in treatment 20 mt/ha FYM. Highest number of fruit clusters, maximum fruit weight and fruit yield (25.74 mt/ha) were recorded ...
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