This paper demonstrates how a fuzzy controller based dynamic power management (FCDPM) model for w... more This paper demonstrates how a fuzzy controller based dynamic power management (FCDPM) model for wireless sensor node saves a significant amount of power than traditional systems. The stochastic behavior of input event arrival is modeled with first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue and single server handled with FCDPM that improves lifetime and minimizes the delay in servicing the events. Compared with the previous research on power consumption of a wireless sensor node, this SimEvents model gives an easier implementation of sensor node with its system-level performance metrics in terms of power consumption, delay, lifetime and processor utilization for non-stationary workloads. The power saving of a single sensor node is analysed for forest fire detection and it can be further implacable in several energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.
Abstract The global use of smart electronic devices has given rise to new security and privacy co... more Abstract The global use of smart electronic devices has given rise to new security and privacy concerns. The attacker can launch any security attacks by using a person's Smartphone which can threaten the security of that person and other network users. Several security mechanisms were designed with the goal of secure authentication of the user, nonstop and indirectly by using sensors like accelerometer, magnetometer, and orientation sensor, face capture with gyroscope or by password pattern, other biometric authentication methods and give alerts whenever required. In this paper, we introduce an explicit and implicit authentication approach that secures not only smart phones but can secure other electronic devices that needs greater level of safety from attackers. User authorization is an important security measure for protecting the information stored on any other electronic device, as these devices have a high risk of theft or unauthorized access. In this paper we provide multiple security checks in three steps to form a strong authentication and authorization framework for electronic devices other than smart phones. The three level authentication method used is involves password, a biometric authentication method and final security check using accelerometer.
The need of the hour in present day education environment is adaptivity. Adaptive educational sys... more The need of the hour in present day education environment is adaptivity. Adaptive educational systems aim to customize content and learning paths of students. These aid's in the minimizing disorientation and cognitive overload problems; thus maximizing learning efficiency. Present learning systems are lacking adaptivity; as they offer same resources for all users irrespective of their individual needs and preferences. Students learn according to their learning styles and determining these is a crucial step in making eLearning or traditional education adaptive. To determine learning styles, learning models have been suggested in literature, but there is no readily available software tool that provides the flexibility to select and implement the most suitable learning model. To fulfil this dire need, a framework of a tool is proposed here, which takes into consideration multiple lea rning models and artificial intelligence techniques for determining students' learning styles. The tool would provide the facility to compare learning models, to determine the most suitable one for a particular environment. It is suggested that this tool be deployed in a cloud environment to provide a scalable solution that offers easy and rapid determination of learning styles.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
Wireless sensor networks demand energy efficient and application specific medium access control p... more Wireless sensor networks demand energy efficient and application specific medium access control protocol when deployed in critical areas which are not frequently accessible. In such areas, the residual energy of nodes also become important along with the efficient data delivery. Many techniques using adaptive duty cycle approach are suggested by researchers to improve the data delivery performance of protocols. As low duty cycle introduces delay and high duty cycle causes energy losses in the network so duty cycle adaptation according to the distribution of nodes near event occurring area, traffic behaviour and remaining energy of the nodes may be done for energy saving as well as efficient data delivery performance. After analysing the S-MAC protocol performance in critical scenarios for the residual energy, throughput and packet delivery ratio, this paper suggests an improved mission critical MAC protocol called MC-MAC which uses novel regression based adaptive duty cycle approach. The duty cycle is given by the regression pattern of traffic while considering the performance of SMAC protocol for residual energy, throughput and packet delivery ratio. The analytical model of MC-MAC protocol is given accordingly and the performance analysis shows that the proposed MC-MAC protocol saves 40% energy of whole network and also 20% energy of the critical nodes in the mission critical path till base station, as compared to SMAC protocol. Very few improved MAC protocols provide mechanism to save the residual energy of critical nodes and hence to improve the lifetime of critical path. As MC-MAC protocol considers the throughput and packets delivery ratio (also along with residual energy) for calculating the regression formula for duty cycle based on traffic, so it is better than other critical MAC protocols which does trade-off of energy with throughput and packet delivery ratio.
Maximising network lifetime in a wireless sensor network (WSN) used for maintaining crucial event... more Maximising network lifetime in a wireless sensor network (WSN) used for maintaining crucial events and parameters is an important research area. In this paper, we define the lifetime of a network as the number of messages it can transfer to the sink node. We consider multiple sinks and propose three different variants of the algorithm to enhance the network lifetime in terms of number of messages successfully transmitted to any of the sinks. The first algorithm constructs tree with sink node as the root to every other node and the nodes choose the sink based on the shortest path. Sink shifting happens based on the predefined shift rate. In the second approach, we try to find an alternate path to reach the same sink before finally turning to another sink. In the third method, we increase the communication range in stages such that, it can avoid crucial nodes and reach the sink node by spending more energy. The performance comparison is done and shown that the network lifetime extended with the help of second and third approach by 8.75% and 33.42% than cluster based algorithm for sink selection (CASS). Alternate path with variable communication range has improved the network lifetime by 22.90% over alternate path approach.
Abstract The energy consumption in the wireless sensor networks is a very critical issue which at... more Abstract The energy consumption in the wireless sensor networks is a very critical issue which attracts immediate attention for the sake of the growing demand of the billion dollar market in future. The Dynamic Power Management (DPM) technique is a way of controlling and saving the energy usage in a sensor node. Previously, researchers have proposed lifetime improving stochastic models for wireless sensor networks and limited work has been done focusing on the wireless sensor node. This paper proposes an analyser based Semi-Markov model for DPM in the event-driven sensor node. The power consumption comparison with previously proposed models without this analyser shows the analyser significant contributes to lifetime improvement. The improved model is more power efficient, presents how the DPM model observes the input event arrival and power states of the sensor node components, and then dynamically manages the power consumption of the overall system. Further, to observe the effect of event arrival, missed events, waiting time, processor utilization on the power consumption and lifetime, the proposed DPM system with the single server queuing model is developed.
2015 Eighth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3), 2015
Energy constraint wireless sensor networks area is the most promising research domain today. A dy... more Energy constraint wireless sensor networks area is the most promising research domain today. A dynamic power management technique at operational level can effectively oversee the power consumption and prolong the lifespan of a sensor node. Several stochastic models have been introduced and presented to analyze the system. To improve upon the given models, a semi Markov model with analyser has been proposed. Further, this paper gives the detailed stochastic modelling and analysis of lifetime improvement and power consumption of analyser based sensor node. To observe the effect of analyser on overall power consumption of sensor node, the power consumption of analyser block is also analyzed.
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
Video-on-Demand is becoming most sought after multimedia applications. It is difficult to attain ... more Video-on-Demand is becoming most sought after multimedia applications. It is difficult to attain a true video-on-demand (TVOD) system, so near video-on-demand (NVOD) is catching the attention of people. In NVOD, requests are multicast in different streams. Important issue in this system is the choice of batching time. Traditionally the batching time is fixed depending on the number of requests. In this paper we have suggested an adaptive batching scheme (ABS) where batching time is adjusted according to the current arrival rate, which follows the hyper-exponential distribution pattern. A comparison is made between the fixed and adaptive batching schemes. Numerical illustrations are provided to show that adaptive batching policy is better than fixed batching policy for optimizing bandwidth requirements.
International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems, 2012
Wireless Sensor Networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made... more Wireless Sensor Networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made in wireless communication, information technologies and electronics field. They consist of resource constrained sensor nodes that are usually randomly or manually deployed in an area to be observed, collecting data from the sensor field and transmitting the gathered data to a distant Base Station. The nodes are energy limited sensors, and therefore it is important to increase the network lifetime. Energy saving is one of the critical issues in the routing design in WSNs. The factors causing the unequal energy dissipation are firstly, the distance between the nodes and base station and secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. Using traditional methods it is difficult to obtain the high precision of solution as the problem is NP hard. Applying genetic algorithms (GAs) in finding energy efficient shortest route for WSNs is emerging as an important field. The routing in WSN is a combinatorial optimization problem, hence GA can provide optimized solution to energy efficient shortest path problem in WSN. This paper uses a forward address based shortest path routing in the network. Genetic algorithm with elitism concept is used to obtain energy efficient routing by minimizing the path length and thus maximizing the life of the network. The proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima. The results show that GAs are efficient for finding the optimal energy constrained route as they can converge faster than other traditional methods used for combinatorial optimization problems.
Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 2015
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand low power and energy efficient hardware and software. Dyna... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand low power and energy efficient hardware and software. Dynamic Power Management (DPM) technique reduces the maximum possible active states of a wireless sensor node by controlling the switching of the low power manageable components in power down or off states. During DPM, it is also required that the deadline of task execution and performance are not compromised. It is seen that operational level change can improve the energy efficiency of a system drastically (up to 90%). Hence, DPM policies have drawn considerable attention. This review paper classifies different dynamic power management techniques and focuses on stochastic modeling scheme which dynamically manage wireless sensor node operations in order to minimize its power consumption. This survey paper is expected to trigger ideas for future research projects in power aware wireless sensor network arenas.
2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2013
Energy efficiency in wireless sensor network has gained important. Energy efficient routing algor... more Energy efficiency in wireless sensor network has gained important. Energy efficient routing algorithms are proposed to increase the lifetime of the network. Routing energy is consumed in topology assessments where the sink broadcast the message and after receiving the acknowledgement assesses the current topology of the network. Our work studies the topological behavior of WSN and proposed an algorithm which can maximize the lifetime by reducing communication overheads increase due to topology assessments.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2013
Energy effeciency of medium access control has been an active research area in wireless sensor ne... more Energy effeciency of medium access control has been an active research area in wireless sensor networks since past few years. SMAC stands for Sensor-MAC protocol, which is designed on the basis of periodic listensleep mechanism of nodes for avoiding energy wastage because of idle listening. SMAC reduces energy consumptions because of collision, overhearing, control packet overhead and idle listening. This paper discusses the basic attribute of MAC protocols, their classification and the importance of SMAC protocol in wireless sensor networks. SMAC is developed primarily for Mote platform, and thereafter also implemented in Network Simulator-2.So without real hardware one can analyze the performance of SMAC under various application specific scenarios with NS-2.In this paper, the performance of SMAC protocol is analyzed under high and low traffic rates with different duty cycles in single hop scenario without the routing effect. The residual energy is also measured in each scenario. Since wireless sensor networks are application specific, so the behavior of SMAC is studied when the data transport performance and hence the throughput and jitter also plays an important role along with the energy effeciency. Finally it has been shown that under higher traffic loads, if the value of duty cycle is increased to optimum value, the residual energy of the node is improved with a better throughput.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2013
Cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data in a wireless sensor... more Cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data in a wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The major challenge in WSNs is an appropriate selection of cluster heads for gathering data from nodes. In this paper, we present a multi-criterion approach for the selection of cluster heads (CHs) using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Three attributes are considered for the selection of CHs, namely residual energy, number of neighbors and distance from the base station. The simulation results demonstrate that the present approach is more effective than another Low-energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol in prolonging the network lifetime.
2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2013
ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSN) MAC protocol has been the active research area since last... more ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSN) MAC protocol has been the active research area since last few years because of application specific nature of these networks. This paper studies popular contention based SMAC protocol in multihop scenario and analyzes its suitability in mission critical WSN applications. Along with the residual energy, the throughput and packet delivery ratio are considered as the important parameters for mission critical applications. Improvements are suggested in the SMAC protocol with the simulation results in NS-2.
Wireless sensor networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made... more Wireless sensor networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made in wireless communication. Unequal energy dissipation causes the nodes to fail. The factors causing the unequal energy dissipation are, firstly, the distance between the nodes and base station and, secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to obtain the high precision of solution as the problem is NP hard. The routing in wireless networks is a combinatorial optimization problem; hence, genetic algorithms can provide optimized solution to energy efficient shortest path. The proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima also during path selection; it takes into account the energy balance of the network, so that the life time of the network can be prolonged. The results show that the algorithm is efficient for finding the optimal...
International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 2014
The clustering-based techniques reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We ... more The clustering-based techniques reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We propose and evaluate an energy-efficient clustering scheme based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches. The sensor nodes are first screened using Pareto-optimal solution and finally selected using VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method for cluster heads. Three criteria including residual energy, distance between nodes and the base station, and number of neighbour nodes are considered in order to optimise number of clusters/cluster heads. Finally, the simulation results show that the present approach achieves longer lifetime than the trapezoidal fuzzy AHP and hierarchical fuzzy integral (FAHP) in similar environments.
The presence of cluster heads (CHs) in a clustered wireless sensor network (WSN) leads to improve... more The presence of cluster heads (CHs) in a clustered wireless sensor network (WSN) leads to improved data aggregation and enhanced network lifetime. Thus, the selection of appropriate CHs in WSNs is a challenging task, which needs to be addressed. A multicriterion decision-making approach for the selection of CHs is presented using Pareto-optimal theory and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. CHs are selected using three criteria including energy, cluster density and distance from the sink. The overall network lifetime in this method with 50% data aggregation after simulations is 81% higher than that of distributed hierarchical agglomerative clustering in similar environment and with same set of parameters. Optimum number of clusters is estimated using TOPSIS technique and found to be 9–11 for effective energy usage in WSNs.
This paper demonstrates how a fuzzy controller based dynamic power management (FCDPM) model for w... more This paper demonstrates how a fuzzy controller based dynamic power management (FCDPM) model for wireless sensor node saves a significant amount of power than traditional systems. The stochastic behavior of input event arrival is modeled with first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue and single server handled with FCDPM that improves lifetime and minimizes the delay in servicing the events. Compared with the previous research on power consumption of a wireless sensor node, this SimEvents model gives an easier implementation of sensor node with its system-level performance metrics in terms of power consumption, delay, lifetime and processor utilization for non-stationary workloads. The power saving of a single sensor node is analysed for forest fire detection and it can be further implacable in several energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.
Abstract The global use of smart electronic devices has given rise to new security and privacy co... more Abstract The global use of smart electronic devices has given rise to new security and privacy concerns. The attacker can launch any security attacks by using a person's Smartphone which can threaten the security of that person and other network users. Several security mechanisms were designed with the goal of secure authentication of the user, nonstop and indirectly by using sensors like accelerometer, magnetometer, and orientation sensor, face capture with gyroscope or by password pattern, other biometric authentication methods and give alerts whenever required. In this paper, we introduce an explicit and implicit authentication approach that secures not only smart phones but can secure other electronic devices that needs greater level of safety from attackers. User authorization is an important security measure for protecting the information stored on any other electronic device, as these devices have a high risk of theft or unauthorized access. In this paper we provide multiple security checks in three steps to form a strong authentication and authorization framework for electronic devices other than smart phones. The three level authentication method used is involves password, a biometric authentication method and final security check using accelerometer.
The need of the hour in present day education environment is adaptivity. Adaptive educational sys... more The need of the hour in present day education environment is adaptivity. Adaptive educational systems aim to customize content and learning paths of students. These aid's in the minimizing disorientation and cognitive overload problems; thus maximizing learning efficiency. Present learning systems are lacking adaptivity; as they offer same resources for all users irrespective of their individual needs and preferences. Students learn according to their learning styles and determining these is a crucial step in making eLearning or traditional education adaptive. To determine learning styles, learning models have been suggested in literature, but there is no readily available software tool that provides the flexibility to select and implement the most suitable learning model. To fulfil this dire need, a framework of a tool is proposed here, which takes into consideration multiple lea rning models and artificial intelligence techniques for determining students' learning styles. The tool would provide the facility to compare learning models, to determine the most suitable one for a particular environment. It is suggested that this tool be deployed in a cloud environment to provide a scalable solution that offers easy and rapid determination of learning styles.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
Wireless sensor networks demand energy efficient and application specific medium access control p... more Wireless sensor networks demand energy efficient and application specific medium access control protocol when deployed in critical areas which are not frequently accessible. In such areas, the residual energy of nodes also become important along with the efficient data delivery. Many techniques using adaptive duty cycle approach are suggested by researchers to improve the data delivery performance of protocols. As low duty cycle introduces delay and high duty cycle causes energy losses in the network so duty cycle adaptation according to the distribution of nodes near event occurring area, traffic behaviour and remaining energy of the nodes may be done for energy saving as well as efficient data delivery performance. After analysing the S-MAC protocol performance in critical scenarios for the residual energy, throughput and packet delivery ratio, this paper suggests an improved mission critical MAC protocol called MC-MAC which uses novel regression based adaptive duty cycle approach. The duty cycle is given by the regression pattern of traffic while considering the performance of SMAC protocol for residual energy, throughput and packet delivery ratio. The analytical model of MC-MAC protocol is given accordingly and the performance analysis shows that the proposed MC-MAC protocol saves 40% energy of whole network and also 20% energy of the critical nodes in the mission critical path till base station, as compared to SMAC protocol. Very few improved MAC protocols provide mechanism to save the residual energy of critical nodes and hence to improve the lifetime of critical path. As MC-MAC protocol considers the throughput and packets delivery ratio (also along with residual energy) for calculating the regression formula for duty cycle based on traffic, so it is better than other critical MAC protocols which does trade-off of energy with throughput and packet delivery ratio.
Maximising network lifetime in a wireless sensor network (WSN) used for maintaining crucial event... more Maximising network lifetime in a wireless sensor network (WSN) used for maintaining crucial events and parameters is an important research area. In this paper, we define the lifetime of a network as the number of messages it can transfer to the sink node. We consider multiple sinks and propose three different variants of the algorithm to enhance the network lifetime in terms of number of messages successfully transmitted to any of the sinks. The first algorithm constructs tree with sink node as the root to every other node and the nodes choose the sink based on the shortest path. Sink shifting happens based on the predefined shift rate. In the second approach, we try to find an alternate path to reach the same sink before finally turning to another sink. In the third method, we increase the communication range in stages such that, it can avoid crucial nodes and reach the sink node by spending more energy. The performance comparison is done and shown that the network lifetime extended with the help of second and third approach by 8.75% and 33.42% than cluster based algorithm for sink selection (CASS). Alternate path with variable communication range has improved the network lifetime by 22.90% over alternate path approach.
Abstract The energy consumption in the wireless sensor networks is a very critical issue which at... more Abstract The energy consumption in the wireless sensor networks is a very critical issue which attracts immediate attention for the sake of the growing demand of the billion dollar market in future. The Dynamic Power Management (DPM) technique is a way of controlling and saving the energy usage in a sensor node. Previously, researchers have proposed lifetime improving stochastic models for wireless sensor networks and limited work has been done focusing on the wireless sensor node. This paper proposes an analyser based Semi-Markov model for DPM in the event-driven sensor node. The power consumption comparison with previously proposed models without this analyser shows the analyser significant contributes to lifetime improvement. The improved model is more power efficient, presents how the DPM model observes the input event arrival and power states of the sensor node components, and then dynamically manages the power consumption of the overall system. Further, to observe the effect of event arrival, missed events, waiting time, processor utilization on the power consumption and lifetime, the proposed DPM system with the single server queuing model is developed.
2015 Eighth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3), 2015
Energy constraint wireless sensor networks area is the most promising research domain today. A dy... more Energy constraint wireless sensor networks area is the most promising research domain today. A dynamic power management technique at operational level can effectively oversee the power consumption and prolong the lifespan of a sensor node. Several stochastic models have been introduced and presented to analyze the system. To improve upon the given models, a semi Markov model with analyser has been proposed. Further, this paper gives the detailed stochastic modelling and analysis of lifetime improvement and power consumption of analyser based sensor node. To observe the effect of analyser on overall power consumption of sensor node, the power consumption of analyser block is also analyzed.
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
Video-on-Demand is becoming most sought after multimedia applications. It is difficult to attain ... more Video-on-Demand is becoming most sought after multimedia applications. It is difficult to attain a true video-on-demand (TVOD) system, so near video-on-demand (NVOD) is catching the attention of people. In NVOD, requests are multicast in different streams. Important issue in this system is the choice of batching time. Traditionally the batching time is fixed depending on the number of requests. In this paper we have suggested an adaptive batching scheme (ABS) where batching time is adjusted according to the current arrival rate, which follows the hyper-exponential distribution pattern. A comparison is made between the fixed and adaptive batching schemes. Numerical illustrations are provided to show that adaptive batching policy is better than fixed batching policy for optimizing bandwidth requirements.
International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems, 2012
Wireless Sensor Networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made... more Wireless Sensor Networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made in wireless communication, information technologies and electronics field. They consist of resource constrained sensor nodes that are usually randomly or manually deployed in an area to be observed, collecting data from the sensor field and transmitting the gathered data to a distant Base Station. The nodes are energy limited sensors, and therefore it is important to increase the network lifetime. Energy saving is one of the critical issues in the routing design in WSNs. The factors causing the unequal energy dissipation are firstly, the distance between the nodes and base station and secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. Using traditional methods it is difficult to obtain the high precision of solution as the problem is NP hard. Applying genetic algorithms (GAs) in finding energy efficient shortest route for WSNs is emerging as an important field. The routing in WSN is a combinatorial optimization problem, hence GA can provide optimized solution to energy efficient shortest path problem in WSN. This paper uses a forward address based shortest path routing in the network. Genetic algorithm with elitism concept is used to obtain energy efficient routing by minimizing the path length and thus maximizing the life of the network. The proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima. The results show that GAs are efficient for finding the optimal energy constrained route as they can converge faster than other traditional methods used for combinatorial optimization problems.
Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 2015
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand low power and energy efficient hardware and software. Dyna... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demand low power and energy efficient hardware and software. Dynamic Power Management (DPM) technique reduces the maximum possible active states of a wireless sensor node by controlling the switching of the low power manageable components in power down or off states. During DPM, it is also required that the deadline of task execution and performance are not compromised. It is seen that operational level change can improve the energy efficiency of a system drastically (up to 90%). Hence, DPM policies have drawn considerable attention. This review paper classifies different dynamic power management techniques and focuses on stochastic modeling scheme which dynamically manage wireless sensor node operations in order to minimize its power consumption. This survey paper is expected to trigger ideas for future research projects in power aware wireless sensor network arenas.
2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2013
Energy efficiency in wireless sensor network has gained important. Energy efficient routing algor... more Energy efficiency in wireless sensor network has gained important. Energy efficient routing algorithms are proposed to increase the lifetime of the network. Routing energy is consumed in topology assessments where the sink broadcast the message and after receiving the acknowledgement assesses the current topology of the network. Our work studies the topological behavior of WSN and proposed an algorithm which can maximize the lifetime by reducing communication overheads increase due to topology assessments.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2013
Energy effeciency of medium access control has been an active research area in wireless sensor ne... more Energy effeciency of medium access control has been an active research area in wireless sensor networks since past few years. SMAC stands for Sensor-MAC protocol, which is designed on the basis of periodic listensleep mechanism of nodes for avoiding energy wastage because of idle listening. SMAC reduces energy consumptions because of collision, overhearing, control packet overhead and idle listening. This paper discusses the basic attribute of MAC protocols, their classification and the importance of SMAC protocol in wireless sensor networks. SMAC is developed primarily for Mote platform, and thereafter also implemented in Network Simulator-2.So without real hardware one can analyze the performance of SMAC under various application specific scenarios with NS-2.In this paper, the performance of SMAC protocol is analyzed under high and low traffic rates with different duty cycles in single hop scenario without the routing effect. The residual energy is also measured in each scenario. Since wireless sensor networks are application specific, so the behavior of SMAC is studied when the data transport performance and hence the throughput and jitter also plays an important role along with the energy effeciency. Finally it has been shown that under higher traffic loads, if the value of duty cycle is increased to optimum value, the residual energy of the node is improved with a better throughput.
Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 2013
Cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data in a wireless sensor... more Cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data in a wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The major challenge in WSNs is an appropriate selection of cluster heads for gathering data from nodes. In this paper, we present a multi-criterion approach for the selection of cluster heads (CHs) using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Three attributes are considered for the selection of CHs, namely residual energy, number of neighbors and distance from the base station. The simulation results demonstrate that the present approach is more effective than another Low-energy Adaptive Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol in prolonging the network lifetime.
2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), 2013
ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSN) MAC protocol has been the active research area since last... more ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSN) MAC protocol has been the active research area since last few years because of application specific nature of these networks. This paper studies popular contention based SMAC protocol in multihop scenario and analyzes its suitability in mission critical WSN applications. Along with the residual energy, the throughput and packet delivery ratio are considered as the important parameters for mission critical applications. Improvements are suggested in the SMAC protocol with the simulation results in NS-2.
Wireless sensor networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made... more Wireless sensor networks have gained worldwide attention in recent years due to the advances made in wireless communication. Unequal energy dissipation causes the nodes to fail. The factors causing the unequal energy dissipation are, firstly, the distance between the nodes and base station and, secondly, the distance between the nodes themselves. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to obtain the high precision of solution as the problem is NP hard. The routing in wireless networks is a combinatorial optimization problem; hence, genetic algorithms can provide optimized solution to energy efficient shortest path. The proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima also during path selection; it takes into account the energy balance of the network, so that the life time of the network can be prolonged. The results show that the algorithm is efficient for finding the optimal...
International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, 2014
The clustering-based techniques reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We ... more The clustering-based techniques reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We propose and evaluate an energy-efficient clustering scheme based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches. The sensor nodes are first screened using Pareto-optimal solution and finally selected using VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method for cluster heads. Three criteria including residual energy, distance between nodes and the base station, and number of neighbour nodes are considered in order to optimise number of clusters/cluster heads. Finally, the simulation results show that the present approach achieves longer lifetime than the trapezoidal fuzzy AHP and hierarchical fuzzy integral (FAHP) in similar environments.
The presence of cluster heads (CHs) in a clustered wireless sensor network (WSN) leads to improve... more The presence of cluster heads (CHs) in a clustered wireless sensor network (WSN) leads to improved data aggregation and enhanced network lifetime. Thus, the selection of appropriate CHs in WSNs is a challenging task, which needs to be addressed. A multicriterion decision-making approach for the selection of CHs is presented using Pareto-optimal theory and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. CHs are selected using three criteria including energy, cluster density and distance from the sink. The overall network lifetime in this method with 50% data aggregation after simulations is 81% higher than that of distributed hierarchical agglomerative clustering in similar environment and with same set of parameters. Optimum number of clusters is estimated using TOPSIS technique and found to be 9–11 for effective energy usage in WSNs.
Uploads
Papers by Vidushi sharma