Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal, Jun 29, 2022
Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adver... more Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. This study aimed to see the fat distribution among students using different markers of obesity. Methods : A cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, National Medical College, which included 250 students. Body fat percentage was measured using Omron body composition monitor and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Body Mass Index, Body Adiposity Index, Fat Mass and Waist Hip Ratio were calculated. Results : Among 127 male subjects 8.7% were overweight and 18.1%, 47.2%, and 33.1% had high and 7.9%, 15%, 10.2% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, Body Adiposity Index, and Fat Mass respectively. Similarly, 4.7% and 48.8% had high Waist Circumference and Waist Hip Ratio respectively. Among 123 female subjects 9.8% were overweight and 1.6% were obese. 21.1%, 5.7% and 28.5% had high and 4.1%, and 0.8% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, and Body Adiposity Index respectively. Also 5.7% and 38.2% had high Waist Circumference and Waist hip Ratio respectively. Conclusion : The study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity when measured by other adiposity indices than by body mass index.
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually express... more Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually expressed as VO2max. VO2max is the capacity of our body to transport and utilize oxygen during maximal exertion. The present study attempts to assess the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in medical students and compare VO2max between physically active and insufficiently active students. Materials and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in 246 medical students (123 males and females each) of age between 18 to 23 years in National Medical College, Birgunj. After obtaining ethical clearance, screening was done with American College of Sports Medicine participants screening questionnaire. Students were classified as physically active and insufficiently active by using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. VO2max was calculated from recovery heart rate counted from fifth to twentieth second of recovery after step test. Finally, subjects were categorized into different level of cardiorespiratory fitness based on their VO 2 max values. Result: Present study found 33.6% of insufficiently physical active students. Females had higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity (40.6%) than males (26.8%). The VO2max of male and female was 46.79 ± 8.98 and 36.15 ± 4.66 ml/Kg/min respectively. Majority of female participants had 'average' VO2max whereas in male, distribution is almost equal in 'excellent', 'good' and 'fair' category. Conclusion: Around one-third of medical students did not meet the level of physical activity recommended by WHO for health. Majority of them had 'average' level of VO2max and those physically active had better cardiorespiratory fitness.
Introduction: Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exer... more Introduction: Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga helps reduce stress, lower blood pressure and heart rate. It is considered one of many complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental discipline that may help achieve a healthy body and peaceful mind. In this study, we aim to assess knowledge and awareness regarding yoga and its benefit among preclinical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 176 preclinical medical students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal. A total of 14 selfdesigned close-ended questionnaires regarding knowledge and awareness about Yoga were used as a study tool. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, 2010. Results: Among 176 preclinical students, 77.84% had the habit of practicing yoga, but only 14.20% of students continued it. About 96.59% of students knew the benefits of yoga. Conclusions: The result of the study reveals that there is a positive influence of practicing yoga among students. By practicing yoga, it is capable to achieve personal abilities such as stress management, attention in their works, and maintenance of physical and mental health.
Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Aug 9, 2022
Cholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk f... more Cholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk factors of cholelithiasis is obesity, which is a common problem faced by most adult population. The aim of this study is to see the association of cholelithiasis with body mass index among different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of General Surgery of National Medical College, Birgunj. Ethical clearance (Ref. F-NMC/565/078-079) was obtained from the institutional review committee. Total of 75 subjects were included in the study. Subjects presenting with cholelithiasis in the outpatient department of Surgery were included in the study. Height and weight of the subjects were recorded along with age and other parameters. Body mass index (BMI) was 2 calculated using the Quetelet's formula, weight in kg/ height in m. The body mass index was than categorized according to World Health Organization. RESULTS 2 The mean age of the total participants was 43.85 ±11.82 years. The mean BMI was 25.81 ±9.95 kg/m. Among the age group 20-35 years 30% were overweight and 15% were obese where as in age group 36-50 years 44.4 % were overweight and 11.2 % were obese. Similarly in participants above 50 years 32.1% were overweight and only 3.6% were obese. CONCLUSION Cholelithiasis is one of the common surgical problems. Number of patients with gallstones increases with increasing age. In this study, more number patients are seen with normal BMI. However, higher number of patients are found having overweight or obesity in the age group of 36-50 years.
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effe... more Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. Relative fat mass is a newly identified parameter to estimate whole body fat. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of obesity among medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of a medical college from 1 September 2021 to 30 January 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: FNMC/539/078/79). Simple random sampling was done. Height was measured using a stadiometer and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Relative fat mass was calculated using the relative fat mass equation. The data was categorised according to the distribution of fat mass. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 medical students, 57 (31.67%) (24.87-38.47, 95% Co...
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually express... more Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually expressed as VO2max. VO2max is the capacity of our body to transport and utilize oxygen during maximal exertion. The present study attempts to assess the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in medical students and compare VO2max between physically active and insufficiently active students. Materials and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in 246 medical students (123 males and females each) of age between 18 to 23 years in National Medical College, Birgunj. After obtaining ethical clearance, screening was done with American College of Sports Medicine participants screening questionnaire. Students were classified as physically active and insufficiently active by using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. VO2max was calculated from recovery heart rate counted from fifth to twentieth second of recovery after step test. Finally, subjects were catego...
INTRODUCTIONCholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the pote... more INTRODUCTIONCholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk factors of cholelithiasis is obesity, which is a common problem faced by most adult population. The aim of this study is to see the association of cholelithiasis with body mass index among different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODSThis cross-sectional study was done in the Department of General Surgery of National Medical College, Birgunj. Ethical clearance (Ref. F-NMC/565/078-079) was obtained from the institutional review committee. Total of 75 subjects were included in the study. Subjects presenting with cholelithiasis in the out-patient department of Surgery were included in the study. Height and weight of the subjects were recorded along with age and other parameters. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Quetelet’s formula, weight in kg/ height in m2. The body mass index was than categorized according to World Health Organization. RESULTSThe mean age of the tota...
Introduction Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exerc... more Introduction Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga helps reduce stress, lower blood pressure and heart rate. It is considered one of many complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental discipline that may help achieve a healthy body and peaceful mind. In this study, we aim to assess knowledge and awareness regarding yoga and its benefit among preclinical students. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study includes 176 preclinical medical students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal. A total of 14 self-designed close-ended questionnaires regarding knowledge and awareness about Yoga were used as a study tool. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, 2010. Results Among 176 preclinical students, 77.84% had the habit of practicing yoga, but only 14.20% of students continued it. About 96.59% of students knew the benefits of yoga. Conclusion The result o...
Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Fl... more Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is the maximum rate of forceful exhalation following full inspiration. PEFR primarily reflects bronchial airflow and depends on the voluntary effort and muscular strength of the individual. Studies that correlate ventilatory capacity with body fat percentage are rare in published literature in Nepalese settings. Body fat percentage is regarded as a better indicator of obesity recently. Hence, this study aims to find an association between post-exercise change in PEFR and body adiposity in the context of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 20th July 2019 to 15th November in the laboratory of Clinical Physiology of Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Body fat percentage was measured by using OMRON BF 214. Pre-exercise PEFR of each subject was recorded by using Wright’s peak flow meter. Post-exercise PEFR was also recorded after three minutes of Queen’s Coll...
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to ... more Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to affect various systems of body including the central nervous system. Reaction time is a measure of the integrity of the central nervous system which is an integrated voluntary response to a stimulus that includes receiving and processing of stimulus, drawing inference, and generating a motor response. This study was conducted with the objective of finding a relationship between body mass index, a measure of obesity and simple visual reaction time. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 60 participants aged 18-25 years. The body mass index of participants was calculated using Quetelet’s index, calculated by weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meter. Deary-Liewald reaction time task software version 3.10 was used to analyze their simple visual reaction time. Correlation of reaction time and body mass index was assessed using Pearson’s c...
Introduction Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly... more Introduction Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly being used as an indicator for nutritional status. The maximum force applied voluntarily by the subject is called maximum handgrip strength, which is measured in kilograms. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform against a load for an extended period of time, measured in seconds. This study aims to correlate body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in medical students.
Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Fl... more Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is the maximum rate of forceful exhalation following full inspiration. PEFR primarily reflects bronchial airflow and depends on the voluntary effort and muscular strength of the individual. Studies that correlate ventilatory capacity with body fat percentage are rare in published literature in Nepalese settings. Body fat percentage is regarded as a better indicator of obesity recently. Hence, this study aims to find an association between post exercise change in PEFR and body adiposity in the context of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 20th July 2019 to 15th November in the laboratory of Clinical Physiology of Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Body fat percentage was measured by using OMRON BF 214. Pre-exercise PEFR of each subject was recorded by using Wright’s peak flow meter. Post-exercise PEFR was also recorded after three minutes of Queen’s colle...
Journal of Physiological Society of Nepal, Jun 29, 2022
Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adver... more Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on an increasing trend these days. Adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. This study aimed to see the fat distribution among students using different markers of obesity. Methods : A cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, National Medical College, which included 250 students. Body fat percentage was measured using Omron body composition monitor and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Body Mass Index, Body Adiposity Index, Fat Mass and Waist Hip Ratio were calculated. Results : Among 127 male subjects 8.7% were overweight and 18.1%, 47.2%, and 33.1% had high and 7.9%, 15%, 10.2% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, Body Adiposity Index, and Fat Mass respectively. Similarly, 4.7% and 48.8% had high Waist Circumference and Waist Hip Ratio respectively. Among 123 female subjects 9.8% were overweight and 1.6% were obese. 21.1%, 5.7% and 28.5% had high and 4.1%, and 0.8% had very high fat percentage which was obtained from Body Fat Percentage, and Body Adiposity Index respectively. Also 5.7% and 38.2% had high Waist Circumference and Waist hip Ratio respectively. Conclusion : The study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity when measured by other adiposity indices than by body mass index.
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually express... more Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually expressed as VO2max. VO2max is the capacity of our body to transport and utilize oxygen during maximal exertion. The present study attempts to assess the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in medical students and compare VO2max between physically active and insufficiently active students. Materials and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in 246 medical students (123 males and females each) of age between 18 to 23 years in National Medical College, Birgunj. After obtaining ethical clearance, screening was done with American College of Sports Medicine participants screening questionnaire. Students were classified as physically active and insufficiently active by using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. VO2max was calculated from recovery heart rate counted from fifth to twentieth second of recovery after step test. Finally, subjects were categorized into different level of cardiorespiratory fitness based on their VO 2 max values. Result: Present study found 33.6% of insufficiently physical active students. Females had higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity (40.6%) than males (26.8%). The VO2max of male and female was 46.79 ± 8.98 and 36.15 ± 4.66 ml/Kg/min respectively. Majority of female participants had 'average' VO2max whereas in male, distribution is almost equal in 'excellent', 'good' and 'fair' category. Conclusion: Around one-third of medical students did not meet the level of physical activity recommended by WHO for health. Majority of them had 'average' level of VO2max and those physically active had better cardiorespiratory fitness.
Introduction: Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exer... more Introduction: Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga helps reduce stress, lower blood pressure and heart rate. It is considered one of many complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental discipline that may help achieve a healthy body and peaceful mind. In this study, we aim to assess knowledge and awareness regarding yoga and its benefit among preclinical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 176 preclinical medical students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal. A total of 14 selfdesigned close-ended questionnaires regarding knowledge and awareness about Yoga were used as a study tool. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, 2010. Results: Among 176 preclinical students, 77.84% had the habit of practicing yoga, but only 14.20% of students continued it. About 96.59% of students knew the benefits of yoga. Conclusions: The result of the study reveals that there is a positive influence of practicing yoga among students. By practicing yoga, it is capable to achieve personal abilities such as stress management, attention in their works, and maintenance of physical and mental health.
Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Aug 9, 2022
Cholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk f... more Cholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk factors of cholelithiasis is obesity, which is a common problem faced by most adult population. The aim of this study is to see the association of cholelithiasis with body mass index among different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of General Surgery of National Medical College, Birgunj. Ethical clearance (Ref. F-NMC/565/078-079) was obtained from the institutional review committee. Total of 75 subjects were included in the study. Subjects presenting with cholelithiasis in the outpatient department of Surgery were included in the study. Height and weight of the subjects were recorded along with age and other parameters. Body mass index (BMI) was 2 calculated using the Quetelet's formula, weight in kg/ height in m. The body mass index was than categorized according to World Health Organization. RESULTS 2 The mean age of the total participants was 43.85 ±11.82 years. The mean BMI was 25.81 ±9.95 kg/m. Among the age group 20-35 years 30% were overweight and 15% were obese where as in age group 36-50 years 44.4 % were overweight and 11.2 % were obese. Similarly in participants above 50 years 32.1% were overweight and only 3.6% were obese. CONCLUSION Cholelithiasis is one of the common surgical problems. Number of patients with gallstones increases with increasing age. In this study, more number patients are seen with normal BMI. However, higher number of patients are found having overweight or obesity in the age group of 36-50 years.
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effe... more Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing these days. The adverse effect of obesity can be seen in different physiological functions. Relative fat mass is a newly identified parameter to estimate whole body fat. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of obesity among medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of a medical college from 1 September 2021 to 30 January 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: FNMC/539/078/79). Simple random sampling was done. Height was measured using a stadiometer and waist circumference was measured using non-stretchable tape. Relative fat mass was calculated using the relative fat mass equation. The data was categorised according to the distribution of fat mass. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 180 medical students, 57 (31.67%) (24.87-38.47, 95% Co...
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually express... more Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an indicator of cardiovascular health, usually expressed as VO2max. VO2max is the capacity of our body to transport and utilize oxygen during maximal exertion. The present study attempts to assess the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in medical students and compare VO2max between physically active and insufficiently active students. Materials and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in 246 medical students (123 males and females each) of age between 18 to 23 years in National Medical College, Birgunj. After obtaining ethical clearance, screening was done with American College of Sports Medicine participants screening questionnaire. Students were classified as physically active and insufficiently active by using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. VO2max was calculated from recovery heart rate counted from fifth to twentieth second of recovery after step test. Finally, subjects were catego...
INTRODUCTIONCholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the pote... more INTRODUCTIONCholelithiasis is a common presentation in the department of surgery. One of the potential risk factors of cholelithiasis is obesity, which is a common problem faced by most adult population. The aim of this study is to see the association of cholelithiasis with body mass index among different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODSThis cross-sectional study was done in the Department of General Surgery of National Medical College, Birgunj. Ethical clearance (Ref. F-NMC/565/078-079) was obtained from the institutional review committee. Total of 75 subjects were included in the study. Subjects presenting with cholelithiasis in the out-patient department of Surgery were included in the study. Height and weight of the subjects were recorded along with age and other parameters. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Quetelet’s formula, weight in kg/ height in m2. The body mass index was than categorized according to World Health Organization. RESULTSThe mean age of the tota...
Introduction Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exerc... more Introduction Yoga is a practice of mind and body that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Yoga helps reduce stress, lower blood pressure and heart rate. It is considered one of many complementary and integrative health approaches. Yoga brings together physical and mental discipline that may help achieve a healthy body and peaceful mind. In this study, we aim to assess knowledge and awareness regarding yoga and its benefit among preclinical students. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study includes 176 preclinical medical students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal. A total of 14 self-designed close-ended questionnaires regarding knowledge and awareness about Yoga were used as a study tool. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, 2010. Results Among 176 preclinical students, 77.84% had the habit of practicing yoga, but only 14.20% of students continued it. About 96.59% of students knew the benefits of yoga. Conclusion The result o...
Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Fl... more Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is the maximum rate of forceful exhalation following full inspiration. PEFR primarily reflects bronchial airflow and depends on the voluntary effort and muscular strength of the individual. Studies that correlate ventilatory capacity with body fat percentage are rare in published literature in Nepalese settings. Body fat percentage is regarded as a better indicator of obesity recently. Hence, this study aims to find an association between post-exercise change in PEFR and body adiposity in the context of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 20th July 2019 to 15th November in the laboratory of Clinical Physiology of Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Body fat percentage was measured by using OMRON BF 214. Pre-exercise PEFR of each subject was recorded by using Wright’s peak flow meter. Post-exercise PEFR was also recorded after three minutes of Queen’s Coll...
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to ... more Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to affect various systems of body including the central nervous system. Reaction time is a measure of the integrity of the central nervous system which is an integrated voluntary response to a stimulus that includes receiving and processing of stimulus, drawing inference, and generating a motor response. This study was conducted with the objective of finding a relationship between body mass index, a measure of obesity and simple visual reaction time. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 60 participants aged 18-25 years. The body mass index of participants was calculated using Quetelet’s index, calculated by weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meter. Deary-Liewald reaction time task software version 3.10 was used to analyze their simple visual reaction time. Correlation of reaction time and body mass index was assessed using Pearson’s c...
Introduction Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly... more Introduction Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly being used as an indicator for nutritional status. The maximum force applied voluntarily by the subject is called maximum handgrip strength, which is measured in kilograms. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform against a load for an extended period of time, measured in seconds. This study aims to correlate body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in medical students.
Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Fl... more Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is the maximum rate of forceful exhalation following full inspiration. PEFR primarily reflects bronchial airflow and depends on the voluntary effort and muscular strength of the individual. Studies that correlate ventilatory capacity with body fat percentage are rare in published literature in Nepalese settings. Body fat percentage is regarded as a better indicator of obesity recently. Hence, this study aims to find an association between post exercise change in PEFR and body adiposity in the context of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 20th July 2019 to 15th November in the laboratory of Clinical Physiology of Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Body fat percentage was measured by using OMRON BF 214. Pre-exercise PEFR of each subject was recorded by using Wright’s peak flow meter. Post-exercise PEFR was also recorded after three minutes of Queen’s colle...
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