Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians,
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907... more Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians, Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially, the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters; requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian. These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects and manners of speech. In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’ I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’ Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized. Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general. Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive 264 administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources. In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned provinces. In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not. The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and, with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush. Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological, grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned dialects. The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert; Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants, deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters, requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of publication for original sources and archival documents. 265 BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the toponyms and proper names into English. Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve Armenianness. The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages. The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province? Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian. Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28 villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters. The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village, a one- to two-page study is presented in the research.
The article is dedicated to history of the settlement Pionk in the Mush's Bulanyk province. The a... more The article is dedicated to history of the settlement Pionk in the Mush's Bulanyk province. The author sought to consolidate bibliographic information about the village, drawing insights from Ottoman period bulletins, Armenian and foreign language memoirs, as well as testimonials. To represent Pionk and its Armenian population in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the author meticulously gleaned details from letters penned by the residents of Pionk, addressed to Mkrtich I Khrimian, the Catholicos of All Armenians.
adyndaky gadymy golýazmalar institutynyň gündogar golýazmalary bölüminiň ylmy işgäri Saakyan Vera... more adyndaky gadymy golýazmalar institutynyň gündogar golýazmalary bölüminiň ylmy işgäri Saakyan Vera, Scientific collaborator of the Oriental Maniscripts Department of Ancient Maniscripts Institute name after Mesrop Mashtojy. Саакян Вера, научный сотрудник отдела восточных рукописей Института древних рукописей имени Месропа Маштожы.
In the article, the author covers the period from 1915 to 2016, delving into the history of Armen... more In the article, the author covers the period from 1915 to 2016, delving into the history of Armenian printing in both the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The focus is on printed newspapers, along with insights into the activities of publishing houses and printing establishments. The author discusses the challenging political circumstances that led to censorship, as well as the persecution of publishers and intellectuals during this period."
In this article, the author delves into the Armenian sanctuaries of the Dyort-yol settlement base... more In this article, the author delves into the Armenian sanctuaries of the Dyort-yol settlement based on recently discovered sources. The focus is on churches and places of pilgrimage. The author also provides a detailed account of Armenian celebrations, including insights into the preparation process, how Armenians spent time with friends, the dishes they prepared, and the games they played. The article aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of these cultural aspects through a lens enriched by new sources."
Ուսումնասիրութիւնը նուիրուած է Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառին։ Օսմաներէն նորայայտ աղբիւրների միջոցով անդրա... more Ուսումնասիրութիւնը նուիրուած է Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառին։ Օսմաներէն նորայայտ աղբիւրների միջոցով անդրադարձ է կատարւում գաւառի կազմաւորմանը: Մաշտոցեան Մատենադարանում պահուող՝ հայ գաղթականների՝ 1893–1896 թթ. Մկրտիչ Ա. Խրիմեան կաթողիկոսին ուղղուած նամակների հիման վրայ այբբենական կարգով կազմուել է գաւառի հայաբնակ գիւղերի ցանկ՝ ընդարձակ նկարագրութիւններով եւ ծանօթագրութիւններով։ Ամեն գիւղին նուիրուած բաժնում զետեղուած են տուեալ գիւղի բնակիչների նամակները։
Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians,
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907... more Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians, Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially, the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters; requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian. These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects and manners of speech. In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’ I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’ Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized. Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general. Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive 264 administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources. In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned provinces. In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not. The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and, with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush. Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological, grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned dialects. The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert; Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants, deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters, requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of publication for original sources and archival documents. 265 BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the toponyms and proper names into English. Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve Armenianness. The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages. The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province? Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian. Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28 villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters. The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village a one- to twopage study is presented in the research.
The article draws attention to documents in the archive of Catholicos Megerditch Khrimian, which ... more The article draws attention to documents in the archive of Catholicos Megerditch Khrimian, which are preserved in the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran Armenian Institute of Old Manuscripts. The paper highlights particularly a number of documents which attest the harsh conditions of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century and the incessant oppressive policies. The documents provide information on massacres committed against Armenians in different parts of Ottoman Armenia as well as descriptions of the unbearable conditions of the refugees. The author notes that the study of these documents is significant for both uncovering details of Ottoman persecution against Armenians and discovering new locations and toponyms which have not been registered in Armenian geographic dictionaries.
ABOUT THE STAFF AND QUANTITY OF THE "SPECIAL ORGANIZATION" (TEŞKILAT- MAHSUSA)
Within the frame... more ABOUT THE STAFF AND QUANTITY OF THE "SPECIAL ORGANIZATION" (TEŞKILAT- MAHSUSA) Within the framework of the article, we have tried to count the total number of prisoners and high-ranking officials of Special Organization based on the archives of Jerusalem, materials from Matenadaran and other printed sources. According to our calculations, the number of criminals taken out of prisons was about 10,000 criminal offenders and 1294 high-ranking officials. We do not consider this calculation as final, as there are many unexplored sources, the publication of which might make alterations in the number offered by us.
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, MIDDLE EAST HISTORY POLITICS CULTURE XIII pp. 221-230
“МАТЕНАДАРАН” ИНСТИТУТ ДРЕВНИХ РУКОПИСЕЙ ИМ. МАШТОЦА ВЕСТНИК МАТЕНАДАРАНА, 2018
В Матенадаране им. Маштоца хранятся документы, отнoсящиеся к геноциду армян. Это различные докла... more В Матенадаране им. Маштоца хранятся документы, отнoсящиеся к геноциду армян. Это различные докладные записки, свидетельства очевидцев, мемуары, дневники, официалные османские документы, отчеты об организации различных мероприятий с целью помощи армянским сиротам и беженцам и т. д. Эти материалы входят в состав сборникa архивных документов католикосов, в фонды попечительства армянских церквей Новой Нахичевани, Католикоса Всех Армян Мкртича I (1893-1907 гг.), архимандрита Тирайра, филолога Норайра Бюзандаци (1844-1916), историка А. Алпояджяна и др. Среди них есть документы на армянском, русском, английском, французском, немецком, армянописьменном турецком, османском (оригиналы и копии, машинописные оригиналы и копии), а также микрофильмы. Впервые проводится кропотливое изучение документов Матенадарана, касающихся данной темы. Наша цель – детально рассмотреть документальный материал, проанализировать и оценить значение данных первоисточников. Mы обратились также к османским документам, которые хранятся в фонде католикосов, сданные в Матенадаран уроженцем Эверека Егией Оганесовичем Момджяном. Мы выделили один уникальный новонайденный документ, проанализировали его в свете османских официальных документов и показали государственные механизмы осуществления геноцида. Публикуя документ и его армянский перевод, мы обращаем на него внимание специалистов по международному праву.
The article is based on recently uncovered Ottoman documents that were transferred to Armenia in ... more The article is based on recently uncovered Ottoman documents that were transferred to Armenia in the 1970s and are now deposited in Matenadaran. Surprisingly, these documents remained unpublished, with even renowned genocide experts unaware of their existence. Notably, Grigor Kerkerian and Vahagn Dadrian had actively searched for these documents. We know that a copy is stored in the Kerkerian archive. Through my research, I have succeeded in discovering these documents, which serve as crucial evidence depicting how high-ranking Turkish officials treated Armenians during the officially announced deportation in 1915."
Different authors presented the organization “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” in diverse ways. Pro-Turkish au... more Different authors presented the organization “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” in diverse ways. Pro-Turkish authors describe the organization as a special detachment created during First World War for fighting in the most dangerous spots. Other studies insist that the organization was created to support the commitment of the Armenian Genocide. In this regard, the examination of the documents related to “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” is especially important. Numerous documents were collected from the trial of Young Turks in 1919-1920. Armenian researcher Grigor Vardapet Kerkerian was the first who studied those documents kept in the Saint James Monastery in Jerusalem. The other author who studied the topic is Philip Henry Stoddard. This article compares the two studies mentioned and tries to explain the contradictory opinions expressed in them.
In Matenadaran after Mesrop Mashtots, except precious manuscripts in Armenian and other languages... more In Matenadaran after Mesrop Mashtots, except precious manuscripts in Armenian and other languages, there is a huge number of documents that include significant historical information and details. This article reflects some of the documents that are related to the masacres committed in different residneces of the Ottoman Empire from 1894 to 1918. Based on the analysis of the procedure of the massacres and the participation of the special military fractions in the massacres, we conclude that, in general, they were related to the military fractions of the special organization named "Teshqilat-i Mahsusa". The report concerning the Massacres of the Gyumshukhane included in the article is published for the first time.
There is a scarcity of information regarding the Armenian churches of Dörtyol. According to the l... more There is a scarcity of information regarding the Armenian churches of Dörtyol. According to the list of Armenian churches compiled by the Constantinople Armenian Patriarchate, there were four churches in Dörtyol and neighboring villages – St. Gregory the Enlightener (Özerli/Eozerli village; built 1877), Holy Mother of God (Dörtyol, c 1851), St. Gregory the Enlightener (Dörtyol, 1858), and Holy Mother of God (Ocaklı/Odjaklou village) ....
Հարգելի´ընթերցող. ԵՊՀ հրատարակչությունը, չհետապնդելով որևէ եկամուտ, ԵՊՀ հայագիտական հետազոտությու... more Հարգելի´ընթերցող. ԵՊՀ հրատարակչությունը, չհետապնդելով որևէ եկամուտ, ԵՊՀ հայագիտական հետազոտությունների ինստիտուտի համացանցային կայքերում ներկայացնում է իր հայագիտական հրատարակությունները: Գիրքը այլ համացանցային կայքերում տեղադրելու համար պետք է ստանալ հրատարակչության համապատասխան թույլտվությունը և նշել անհրաժեշտ տվյալները:
Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians,
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907... more Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians, Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially, the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters; requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian. These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects and manners of speech. In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’ I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’ Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized. Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general. Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive 264 administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources. In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned provinces. In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not. The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and, with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush. Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological, grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned dialects. The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert; Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants, deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters, requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of publication for original sources and archival documents. 265 BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the toponyms and proper names into English. Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve Armenianness. The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages. The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province? Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian. Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28 villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters. The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village, a one- to two-page study is presented in the research.
The article is dedicated to history of the settlement Pionk in the Mush's Bulanyk province. The a... more The article is dedicated to history of the settlement Pionk in the Mush's Bulanyk province. The author sought to consolidate bibliographic information about the village, drawing insights from Ottoman period bulletins, Armenian and foreign language memoirs, as well as testimonials. To represent Pionk and its Armenian population in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the author meticulously gleaned details from letters penned by the residents of Pionk, addressed to Mkrtich I Khrimian, the Catholicos of All Armenians.
adyndaky gadymy golýazmalar institutynyň gündogar golýazmalary bölüminiň ylmy işgäri Saakyan Vera... more adyndaky gadymy golýazmalar institutynyň gündogar golýazmalary bölüminiň ylmy işgäri Saakyan Vera, Scientific collaborator of the Oriental Maniscripts Department of Ancient Maniscripts Institute name after Mesrop Mashtojy. Саакян Вера, научный сотрудник отдела восточных рукописей Института древних рукописей имени Месропа Маштожы.
In the article, the author covers the period from 1915 to 2016, delving into the history of Armen... more In the article, the author covers the period from 1915 to 2016, delving into the history of Armenian printing in both the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The focus is on printed newspapers, along with insights into the activities of publishing houses and printing establishments. The author discusses the challenging political circumstances that led to censorship, as well as the persecution of publishers and intellectuals during this period."
In this article, the author delves into the Armenian sanctuaries of the Dyort-yol settlement base... more In this article, the author delves into the Armenian sanctuaries of the Dyort-yol settlement based on recently discovered sources. The focus is on churches and places of pilgrimage. The author also provides a detailed account of Armenian celebrations, including insights into the preparation process, how Armenians spent time with friends, the dishes they prepared, and the games they played. The article aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of these cultural aspects through a lens enriched by new sources."
Ուսումնասիրութիւնը նուիրուած է Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառին։ Օսմաներէն նորայայտ աղբիւրների միջոցով անդրա... more Ուսումնասիրութիւնը նուիրուած է Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառին։ Օսմաներէն նորայայտ աղբիւրների միջոցով անդրադարձ է կատարւում գաւառի կազմաւորմանը: Մաշտոցեան Մատենադարանում պահուող՝ հայ գաղթականների՝ 1893–1896 թթ. Մկրտիչ Ա. Խրիմեան կաթողիկոսին ուղղուած նամակների հիման վրայ այբբենական կարգով կազմուել է գաւառի հայաբնակ գիւղերի ցանկ՝ ընդարձակ նկարագրութիւններով եւ ծանօթագրութիւններով։ Ամեն գիւղին նուիրուած բաժնում զետեղուած են տուեալ գիւղի բնակիչների նամակները։
Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians,
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907... more Some part of the archive of the 125th Catholicos of All Armenians, Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially, the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters; requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian. These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects and manners of speech. In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’ I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’ Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized. Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general. Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive 264 administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources. In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned provinces. In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not. The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and, with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush. Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological, grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned dialects. The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert; Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants, deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters, requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of publication for original sources and archival documents. 265 BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the toponyms and proper names into English. Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve Armenianness. The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages. The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province? Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of Mkrtich’ I Khrimian. Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28 villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters. The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village a one- to twopage study is presented in the research.
The article draws attention to documents in the archive of Catholicos Megerditch Khrimian, which ... more The article draws attention to documents in the archive of Catholicos Megerditch Khrimian, which are preserved in the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran Armenian Institute of Old Manuscripts. The paper highlights particularly a number of documents which attest the harsh conditions of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century and the incessant oppressive policies. The documents provide information on massacres committed against Armenians in different parts of Ottoman Armenia as well as descriptions of the unbearable conditions of the refugees. The author notes that the study of these documents is significant for both uncovering details of Ottoman persecution against Armenians and discovering new locations and toponyms which have not been registered in Armenian geographic dictionaries.
ABOUT THE STAFF AND QUANTITY OF THE "SPECIAL ORGANIZATION" (TEŞKILAT- MAHSUSA)
Within the frame... more ABOUT THE STAFF AND QUANTITY OF THE "SPECIAL ORGANIZATION" (TEŞKILAT- MAHSUSA) Within the framework of the article, we have tried to count the total number of prisoners and high-ranking officials of Special Organization based on the archives of Jerusalem, materials from Matenadaran and other printed sources. According to our calculations, the number of criminals taken out of prisons was about 10,000 criminal offenders and 1294 high-ranking officials. We do not consider this calculation as final, as there are many unexplored sources, the publication of which might make alterations in the number offered by us.
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, MIDDLE EAST HISTORY POLITICS CULTURE XIII pp. 221-230
“МАТЕНАДАРАН” ИНСТИТУТ ДРЕВНИХ РУКОПИСЕЙ ИМ. МАШТОЦА ВЕСТНИК МАТЕНАДАРАНА, 2018
В Матенадаране им. Маштоца хранятся документы, отнoсящиеся к геноциду армян. Это различные докла... more В Матенадаране им. Маштоца хранятся документы, отнoсящиеся к геноциду армян. Это различные докладные записки, свидетельства очевидцев, мемуары, дневники, официалные османские документы, отчеты об организации различных мероприятий с целью помощи армянским сиротам и беженцам и т. д. Эти материалы входят в состав сборникa архивных документов католикосов, в фонды попечительства армянских церквей Новой Нахичевани, Католикоса Всех Армян Мкртича I (1893-1907 гг.), архимандрита Тирайра, филолога Норайра Бюзандаци (1844-1916), историка А. Алпояджяна и др. Среди них есть документы на армянском, русском, английском, французском, немецком, армянописьменном турецком, османском (оригиналы и копии, машинописные оригиналы и копии), а также микрофильмы. Впервые проводится кропотливое изучение документов Матенадарана, касающихся данной темы. Наша цель – детально рассмотреть документальный материал, проанализировать и оценить значение данных первоисточников. Mы обратились также к османским документам, которые хранятся в фонде католикосов, сданные в Матенадаран уроженцем Эверека Егией Оганесовичем Момджяном. Мы выделили один уникальный новонайденный документ, проанализировали его в свете османских официальных документов и показали государственные механизмы осуществления геноцида. Публикуя документ и его армянский перевод, мы обращаем на него внимание специалистов по международному праву.
The article is based on recently uncovered Ottoman documents that were transferred to Armenia in ... more The article is based on recently uncovered Ottoman documents that were transferred to Armenia in the 1970s and are now deposited in Matenadaran. Surprisingly, these documents remained unpublished, with even renowned genocide experts unaware of their existence. Notably, Grigor Kerkerian and Vahagn Dadrian had actively searched for these documents. We know that a copy is stored in the Kerkerian archive. Through my research, I have succeeded in discovering these documents, which serve as crucial evidence depicting how high-ranking Turkish officials treated Armenians during the officially announced deportation in 1915."
Different authors presented the organization “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” in diverse ways. Pro-Turkish au... more Different authors presented the organization “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” in diverse ways. Pro-Turkish authors describe the organization as a special detachment created during First World War for fighting in the most dangerous spots. Other studies insist that the organization was created to support the commitment of the Armenian Genocide. In this regard, the examination of the documents related to “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa” is especially important. Numerous documents were collected from the trial of Young Turks in 1919-1920. Armenian researcher Grigor Vardapet Kerkerian was the first who studied those documents kept in the Saint James Monastery in Jerusalem. The other author who studied the topic is Philip Henry Stoddard. This article compares the two studies mentioned and tries to explain the contradictory opinions expressed in them.
In Matenadaran after Mesrop Mashtots, except precious manuscripts in Armenian and other languages... more In Matenadaran after Mesrop Mashtots, except precious manuscripts in Armenian and other languages, there is a huge number of documents that include significant historical information and details. This article reflects some of the documents that are related to the masacres committed in different residneces of the Ottoman Empire from 1894 to 1918. Based on the analysis of the procedure of the massacres and the participation of the special military fractions in the massacres, we conclude that, in general, they were related to the military fractions of the special organization named "Teshqilat-i Mahsusa". The report concerning the Massacres of the Gyumshukhane included in the article is published for the first time.
There is a scarcity of information regarding the Armenian churches of Dörtyol. According to the l... more There is a scarcity of information regarding the Armenian churches of Dörtyol. According to the list of Armenian churches compiled by the Constantinople Armenian Patriarchate, there were four churches in Dörtyol and neighboring villages – St. Gregory the Enlightener (Özerli/Eozerli village; built 1877), Holy Mother of God (Dörtyol, c 1851), St. Gregory the Enlightener (Dörtyol, 1858), and Holy Mother of God (Ocaklı/Odjaklou village) ....
Հարգելի´ընթերցող. ԵՊՀ հրատարակչությունը, չհետապնդելով որևէ եկամուտ, ԵՊՀ հայագիտական հետազոտությու... more Հարգելի´ընթերցող. ԵՊՀ հրատարակչությունը, չհետապնդելով որևէ եկամուտ, ԵՊՀ հայագիտական հետազոտությունների ինստիտուտի համացանցային կայքերում ներկայացնում է իր հայագիտական հրատարակությունները: Գիրքը այլ համացանցային կայքերում տեղադրելու համար պետք է ստանալ հրատարակչության համապատասխան թույլտվությունը և նշել անհրաժեշտ տվյալները:
3 августа 1914 года в Османской Турции, официально подтвердилась деятельность организации "ТЕШКИЛАТ - И МАХСУСА". В том же году был издан приказ № 67, по нему из тюрем освободили уголовных преступников, которые стали членами вышеуказанной организации.
В 1914 -1918 годах, организация "ТЕШКИЛАТ- И МАХСУСА" действовала как официально действующая структура: параллельно государственной регулярной армии. В статье, мы показали, что в эти годы организация действовала с целью осуществления Геноцида Армян, которая являясь государственной программой, в то же время осуществлялась со стороны созданной с этой целью и имеющей государственное засвидетельствование организации.
Abstract
The article makes an attempt to analyze the periods and reasons for terminating the pub... more Abstract
The article makes an attempt to analyze the periods and reasons for terminating the publication of Armenian periodicals throughout the Armenian Genocide of 1915‒1916 and in the course of the long-term state policy of Genocide in Western Armenia and other Armenian-populated areas of the Ottoman Empire. This period can be virtually divided into four stages. The history of the press of 1915‒1980 is presented, with a special emphasis on the periodicals initiated in 1980 and functioning until 2016, which are not found in the bibliography. В статье сделана попытка анализа этапов и причин прекращения деятельности периодической печати во время Геноцида армян 1915–1916 гг. и в течение продолжительной государственной политики геноцида в Западной Армении и других армянонаселённых областях Османской империи. Эти периоды условно разделены на четыре этапа. Представлена история печати 1915–1980 гг., по мере возможности обращено внимание на периодические издания, основанные в 1980–2016 гг., которые оказались не включёнными в библиографичекие списки.
Мемуары Самвела Пораняна, написанные на турецком языке армянской графикой, были пересланы в Армен... more Мемуары Самвела Пораняна, написанные на турецком языке армянской графикой, были пересланы в Армению из Дамаска через иммигранта Арутюна Паляна, и он в год пятидесятилетия Геноцида армян перевел их на армянский и подготовил к печати. Однако, по каким-то обстоятельствам они остались неопубликованными и преданы забвению. В рамках настоящей статьи проделана попытка извлечь из них некоторые подробности о деятельности сиротских приютов “Келекян” и “Сисван”.
Be sure to subscribe/follow in order to automatically receive new episodes on your mobile streami... more Be sure to subscribe/follow in order to automatically receive new episodes on your mobile streaming device. And leave a review on iTunes to help the podcast gain in popularity and reach new listeners! Also be sure to like the new Facebook page here. SAS Podcast #57-Vera Sahakyan Vera Sahakyan (PhD Student and Researcher at Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts-Madenataran) Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառի հայաբնակ գիւղերն ըստ Մկրտիչ Ա. Խրիմեան կաթողիկոսին ուղղուած նամակների (The Armenian Populated Villages of the District of Bulanık in Mush according to the Letters sent to Catholicos Mgrditch A. Khrimian) (Yerevan: Madenataran, 2021) Interviewed by Arpik Sahakyan.
"Նոր Օր" շաբաթաթերթի անդրադարձը ""Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառի հայաբնակ գիւղերն ըստ Մկրտիչ Ա․ Խրիմեան կաթ... more "Նոր Օր" շաբաթաթերթի անդրադարձը ""Մշոյ Բուլանըք գաւառի հայաբնակ գիւղերն ըստ Մկրտիչ Ա․ Խրիմեան կաթողիկոսին ուղղուած նամակների" ուսումնասիրութեան հրատարակման առթիւ։
Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտ Մատենադարանում մայիսի 17-ին տեղի կու... more Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտ Մատենադարանում մայիսի 17-ին տեղի կունենա գիտաժողով նվիրված Պոլսի «Ժամանակ» օրաթերթի հիմնադիր Միսաք Գոչունյանի (Քասիմ) «Օրուան մտածումներ (1908-1913)» ժողովածուին։
In Ottoman Turkey, the trials of the Young Turks occurred from 1919 to 1920 who were accused for... more In Ottoman Turkey, the trials of the Young Turks occurred from 1919 to 1920 who were accused for immersing the country into the war and organizing the massacres of the Christians. The trial materials are highly significant for the coverage of the Armenian Genocide, of the history of the recent period of the Empire and of the policies towards Christian nations. At the same time, the materials contain documents and evidences for the existence and functioning of the Special Organization teşkilat-ı mahsusa. The details concerning the procedure of the trials are taken from the documentaries collected and preserved in the same period. They contain the analyses of the state prosecutors, the replies of the defendants, the testimonies of the witnesses and other information. Although the press has not very often covered the information totally, the materials were copied and preserved in the Patriarchate of Constantinople and, later, were transferred to Jerusalem. Currently, the authentic trial materials are preserved in the archives of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The discussions held before the trials are also signified as much as the procedure of the trials, which are considered to be an important legal steps. Thus, this article reflects two issues. By studying the press of that particular time, printed and memorial sources (Griker’s (Grigor Kerkerian) archive of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem was studied as a primary source), we managed to analyze the history of the formation of the Special Organization in the Ottoman Empire, the number of the members, the methods of activities, the motivations to join organization, the nationalities of the members and their participation in the Armenian Genocide. Besides, by analyzing the discussions of the Ottoman Mejlis, we managed to find out the overall reasons of the initiation of the trials.
ՊՐՈՖ. ՀԱԿՈԲ ՓԱՓԱԶՅԱՆԻ 100-ԱՄՅԱԿԻՆ ՆՎԻՐՎԱԾ
ՀԱՅԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ – ԱՐԵՎԵԼԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԳԻՏԱԺՈՂՈՎ
Հուլ... more ՊՐՈՖ. ՀԱԿՈԲ ՓԱՓԱԶՅԱՆԻ 100-ԱՄՅԱԿԻՆ ՆՎԻՐՎԱԾ ՀԱՅԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ – ԱՐԵՎԵԼԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԳԻՏԱԺՈՂՈՎ
Кафедра Центральной Азии и Кавказа Восточного факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного ун... more Кафедра Центральной Азии и Кавказа Восточного факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета совместно с Институтом восточных рукописей Российской Академии наук и Отделением арменоведения и общественных наук НАН РА организуют IV международную конференцию «Великие армянские просветители Мкртич Хримян и Гевонд Алишан — к 200-летию со дня рождения», посвященную памяти известных армянских деятелей — Константинопольского патриарха отца Хримяна и представителя Венецианской Конгрегации Мхитаристов, патриарха Алишана.
Конференция посвящена широкому кругу изучения письменного наследия известных армянских деятелей — Константинопольского патриарха отца Хримяна и представителя Венецианской Конгрегации Мхитаристов, патриарха Алишана.
Конференция затронет широкий круг тем, посвященных в первую очередь исследованиям армянской рукописной традиции, средневековой культуре Армении в целом и русско-армянским культурным, научным, религиозным отношениям. Проблемы изучения более поздних источников по арменоведению, включая архивные материалы и электронные ресурсы, также предполагается затронуть.
В рамках настоящей конференции будут рассмотрены следующие темы: жизнь и деятельность Алишана и Хримяна, их литературное наследие, отношения Мкртича Хримяна с российским дворцом. Также предполагается изучить вопросы относительно описания России в географических томах Гевонда Алишана, переписки патриарха Алишана с российскими учеными, его роли в Императорском археологическом обществе Петербурга. В ходе настоящей конференции будут представлены следующие аспекты: Алишан и Европейский классицизм и романтизм, искусство книжных формаций произведений Алишана, Алишан и русская естественнонаучная мысль, Алишан и Петербург, статьи о русской литературе и культуре Алишана в Венецианском журнале Мхитаристов «Базмавеп».
К участию в конференции приглашаются историки, филологи, искусствоведы, архивоведы, студенты вузов и представители других дисциплин, связанные с изучением письменного наследия армянского народа. Официальные языки конференции — армянский, русский, французский, английский. Вы можете подать заявку на любом из этих языков.
Գիտաժողովը ՄԵԳՄ-ի կազմակերպած թվով երրորդ գիտական միջոցառումն էր, որին զեկուցումներով հանդես են ե... more Գիտաժողովը ՄԵԳՄ-ի կազմակերպած թվով երրորդ գիտական միջոցառումն էր, որին զեկուցումներով հանդես են եկել հայաստանյան և արտասահմանյան գիտակրթական տարբեր հաստատությունների շուրջ չորս տասնյակ երիտասարդ հետազոտողներ: Զեկուցումներն առնչվել են միջնադարյան հայ պատմագրությանը, արվեստին, աղբյուրագիտության, ձեռագրագիտությանը, աստվածաբանությանն ու հայոց լեզվի պատմությանը: Գիտաժողովի նյութերն ամփոփվել են գիտական նյութերի առանձին ժողովածուում:
Uploads
Books by Vera Sahakyan
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved
in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially,
the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an
individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it
was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters;
requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin
written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian.
These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation
of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions
pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly
valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that
were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms
of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of
Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects
and manners of speech.
In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the
Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’
I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were
grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’
Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first
book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized.
Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the
habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general.
Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names
of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman
period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive
264
administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other
hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources.
In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters
significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific
community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and
topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and
foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and
Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned
provinces.
In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the
villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not
touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not.
The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the
original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and,
with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the
former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their
language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush.
Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from
Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert
or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological,
grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned
dialects.
The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It
was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert;
Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants,
deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there
are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters,
requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of
publication for original sources and archival documents.
265
BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the
toponyms and proper names into English.
Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I
Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and
literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious
Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the
Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will
have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were
living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless
faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the
Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians
made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve
Armenianness.
The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk
province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian
Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of
Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages.
The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what
historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the
etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province?
Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian.
Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the
periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28
villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters.
The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village, a one- to two-page study is presented in the research.
Papers by Vera Sahakyan
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved
in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially,
the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an
individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it
was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters;
requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin
written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian.
These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation
of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions
pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly
valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that
were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms
of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of
Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects
and manners of speech.
In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the
Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’
I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were
grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’
Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first
book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized.
Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the
habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general.
Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names
of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman
period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive
264
administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other
hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources.
In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters
significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific
community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and
topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and
foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and
Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned
provinces.
In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the
villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not
touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not.
The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the
original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and,
with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the
former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their
language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush.
Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from
Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert
or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological,
grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned
dialects.
The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It
was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert;
Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants,
deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there
are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters,
requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of
publication for original sources and archival documents.
265
BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the
toponyms and proper names into English.
Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I
Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and
literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious
Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the
Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will
have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were
living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless
faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the
Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians
made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve
Armenianness.
The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk
province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian
Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of
Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages.
The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what
historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the
etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province?
Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian.
Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the
periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28
villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters.
The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village a one- to twopage study is presented in the research.
The author notes that the study of these documents is significant for both uncovering details of Ottoman persecution against Armenians and discovering new locations and toponyms which have not been registered in Armenian geographic dictionaries.
Within the framework of the article, we have tried to count the total number of prisoners and high-ranking officials of Special Organization based on the archives of Jerusalem, materials from Matenadaran and other printed sources. According to our calculations, the number of criminals taken out of prisons was about 10,000 criminal offenders and 1294 high-ranking officials. We do not consider this calculation as final, as there are many unexplored sources, the publication of which might make alterations in the number offered by us.
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES,
MIDDLE EAST
HISTORY
POLITICS CULTURE
XIII
pp. 221-230
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved
in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially,
the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an
individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it
was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters;
requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin
written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian.
These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation
of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions
pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly
valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that
were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms
of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of
Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects
and manners of speech.
In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the
Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’
I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were
grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’
Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first
book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized.
Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the
habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general.
Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names
of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman
period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive
264
administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other
hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources.
In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters
significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific
community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and
topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and
foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and
Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned
provinces.
In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the
villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not
touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not.
The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the
original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and,
with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the
former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their
language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush.
Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from
Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert
or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological,
grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned
dialects.
The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It
was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert;
Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants,
deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there
are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters,
requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of
publication for original sources and archival documents.
265
BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the
toponyms and proper names into English.
Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I
Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and
literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious
Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the
Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will
have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were
living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless
faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the
Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians
made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve
Armenianness.
The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk
province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian
Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of
Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages.
The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what
historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the
etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province?
Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian.
Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the
periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28
villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters.
The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village, a one- to two-page study is presented in the research.
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian (1893–1907) – around 8000 documents – is preserved
in Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Matenadaran. Initially,
the aforementioned archive was based in Holy Ejmiatsin. Later, as an
individual archive separate from the entire archive of the Catholicosate, it
was transformed to Matenadaran. Seventeen files mainly include letters;
requests; testimonies; and lists of the refugees sheltered in Holy Ejmiatsin
written by the Armenian refugees that were addressed to Father Khrimian.
These documents pass significant details on the socio-economic situation
of Western Armenians, and on the politics of the Armenian persecutions
pursued by the government of the Ottoman Empire. They are particularly
valuable assets in terms of documenting the Armenianness of the habitats that
were annhiliated in the process of the Armenian Genocide, as well as in terms
of conducting studies on their being populated by Armenians; the number of
Armenian population and their movement; the toponyms; the local dialects
and manners of speech.
In 2017, we were assigned to study documents of Matenadaran on the
Armenian Genocide. In the framework of this research, we selected Mkrtich’
I Khrimian Catholicos’s archive, among others. Firstly, the documents were
grouped based on the provinces. Afterwards, materials related to Bulanyk’
Province of Mush were selected and prepared for the publication of the first
book (volume). Meanwhile, the mentioned documents were also digitized.
Resting on the addresses of the letters, we conducted a large study on the
habitats of Bulanyk’ Province and the Province in general.
Generally, a large inconsistency exists regarding the numbers and names
of villages that belonged to any Armenian-populated Province in the Ottoman
period. The reason for this phenomenon is, on the one hand, the repetitive
264
administrative divisions pursued by the Ottoman Empire, and, on the other
hand, inaccessibility of archival documents and insufficient original sources.
In the framework of our study, while around 200 original letters
significant for the historiography became accessible to the scientific
community, a study was also conducted on the name, formation, and
topography of Bulanyk’ Province resting on the Armenian, Ottoman, and
foreign sources. Particularly, we clarified the borders of Bulanyk’ and
Manazkert provinces, and the ones for the villages of the mentioned
provinces.
In the process of the study, some letters were discovered to be from the
villages that have been so far considered purely Kurdish- or Cherkesspopulated in the foreign sources, while the Armenian sources almost do not
touch upon whether they were Armenian or Armenian-populated or not.
The language and orthography of the digitized letters differs from the
original ones. The inhabitants of Western villages of the Upper Bulanyk’ and,
with slight exceptions, the whole population of the Lower Bulanyk’ were the
former inhabitants of Bsherim, Sasun, Motkan, and Taron provinces. Their
language belonged to provincial dialects of Taron and Mush.
Accordingly, the correspondents’ language of communication from
Bulanyk’ belongs to the dialects of Western group of the Mush-Tigranakert
or the South-central dialect group and is spiced with the phonological,
grammatical, sintaxal, and stylistic peculiarities specific to the mentioned
dialects.
The Mush-Tigranakert dialect belongs to a “K” branch dialect group. It
was spoken in the Armenian-populated parts of the Mush Valley; Alashkert;
Bulanyk’; and the surrounding places. A large number of alternants,
deformed words, and orthographic errors exist in the letters. Besides, there
are letters written in Grabar [Classical Armenian]. The selected letters,
requests, and documents are published in compliance with the standards of
publication for original sources and archival documents.
265
BGN/PCGN romanization scale was used for the transliteration of the
toponyms and proper names into English.
Although this volume is devoted to the 200th anniversary of Mkrtich’ I
Khrimian; his life, activities of the patriarchal period, and scientific and
literary heritage is not reflected in it. Significant studies about the Laborious
Father have been published by intellectuals and renowned specialists of the
Armenian studies. Through this study, the Armenian and foreign readers will
have the opportunity to read the pure speech of the Armenians who were
living in Bulanyk’ Province of Mush; to share their pains; to feel the endless
faith and commitment of an Armenian towards the Armenian Father and the
Holy Ejmiatsin; to witness the efforts that the Catholicos of All Armenians
made to amend Armenia, deliver the Armenian refugees, and preserve
Armenianness.
The research titled “The Armenian-populated villages of Mush's Bulanyk
province according to the letters addressed to Mkrtich I First Khrimian
Catholicos (Volume I) Catholicos” focuses on the study of the formation of
Bulany’k Province (k’aza) of Mush and the Armenian-populated villages.
The study answers the research questions such as: When and under what
historical circumstances was Bulanyk’ Province formed? What is the
etymology of the name? Which parts of Mets Hayq comprise the Province?
Which villages were Armenian-populated during the Catholicosate of
Mkrtich’ I Khrimian.
Based on the files of the archive preserved in Matenadaran that cover the
periods from 1893 to 1895, presently we have identified letters from 28
villages. We have digitized, annotated, and additionally translated the letters.
The villages are presented alphabetically – for each village a one- to twopage study is presented in the research.
The author notes that the study of these documents is significant for both uncovering details of Ottoman persecution against Armenians and discovering new locations and toponyms which have not been registered in Armenian geographic dictionaries.
Within the framework of the article, we have tried to count the total number of prisoners and high-ranking officials of Special Organization based on the archives of Jerusalem, materials from Matenadaran and other printed sources. According to our calculations, the number of criminals taken out of prisons was about 10,000 criminal offenders and 1294 high-ranking officials. We do not consider this calculation as final, as there are many unexplored sources, the publication of which might make alterations in the number offered by us.
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES,
MIDDLE EAST
HISTORY
POLITICS CULTURE
XIII
pp. 221-230
3 августа 1914 года в Османской Турции, официально подтвердилась деятельность организации "ТЕШКИЛАТ - И МАХСУСА". В том же году был издан приказ № 67, по нему из тюрем освободили уголовных преступников, которые стали членами вышеуказанной организации.
В 1914 -1918 годах, организация "ТЕШКИЛАТ- И МАХСУСА" действовала как официально действующая структура: параллельно государственной регулярной армии. В статье, мы показали, что в эти годы организация действовала с целью осуществления Геноцида Армян, которая являясь государственной программой, в то же время осуществлялась со стороны созданной с этой целью и имеющей государственное засвидетельствование организации.
The article makes an attempt to analyze the periods and reasons for terminating the publication of Armenian periodicals throughout the Armenian Genocide of 1915‒1916 and in the course of the long-term state policy of Genocide in Western Armenia and other Armenian-populated areas of the Ottoman Empire. This period can be virtually divided into four stages. The history of the press of 1915‒1980 is presented, with a special emphasis on the periodicals initiated in 1980 and functioning until 2016, which are not found in the bibliography. В статье сделана попытка анализа этапов и причин прекращения деятельности периодической печати во время Геноцида армян 1915–1916 гг. и в течение продолжительной государственной политики геноцида в Западной Армении и других армянонаселённых областях Османской империи. Эти периоды условно разделены на четыре этапа. Представлена история печати 1915–1980 гг., по мере возможности обращено внимание на периодические издания, основанные в 1980–2016 гг., которые оказались не включёнными в библиографичекие списки.
https://armenianstudies.podbean.com/?action=openPodcast&podcastId=pbblog5272807&podcastIdTag=igg64&utm_campaign=u_share_pp&utm_medium=dlink&utm_source=u_share&fbclid=IwAR0ZsPeO6r9QJjUKE809UafC5EyF2sCrUC4qdiIhmhYqeJ4JvVTDNIOnpb4
https://societyforarmenianstudies.com/sas-podcasts/?fbclid=IwAR0ZsPeO6r9QJjUKE809UafC5EyF2sCrUC4qdiIhmhYqeJ4JvVTDNIOnpb4
Vol. 99, #43 Wednesday, November 10, 2021
Հրացազրոյցը վարեց Խաչիկ Ճանոյեանը։
https://noror.org/2021/11/10/hartsazroyts-girki-heghinak-vera-sahakeani-het/
The discussions held before the trials are also signified as much as the procedure of the trials, which are considered to be an important legal steps.
Thus, this article reflects two issues. By studying the press of that particular time, printed and memorial sources (Griker’s (Grigor Kerkerian) archive of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem was studied as a primary source), we managed to analyze the history of the formation of the Special Organization in the Ottoman Empire, the number of the members, the methods of activities, the motivations to join organization, the nationalities of the members and their participation in the Armenian Genocide. Besides, by analyzing the discussions of the Ottoman Mejlis, we managed to find out the overall reasons of the initiation of the trials.
ՀԱՅԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ – ԱՐԵՎԵԼԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԳԻՏԱԺՈՂՈՎ
Հուլիսի 1-3, 2021 թ.
Конференция посвящена широкому кругу изучения письменного наследия известных армянских деятелей — Константинопольского патриарха отца Хримяна и представителя Венецианской Конгрегации Мхитаристов, патриарха Алишана.
Конференция затронет широкий круг тем, посвященных в первую очередь исследованиям армянской рукописной традиции, средневековой культуре Армении в целом и русско-армянским культурным, научным, религиозным отношениям. Проблемы изучения более поздних источников по арменоведению, включая архивные материалы и электронные ресурсы, также предполагается затронуть.
В рамках настоящей конференции будут рассмотрены следующие темы: жизнь и деятельность Алишана и Хримяна, их литературное наследие, отношения Мкртича Хримяна с российским дворцом. Также предполагается изучить вопросы относительно описания России в географических томах Гевонда Алишана, переписки патриарха Алишана с российскими учеными, его роли в Императорском археологическом обществе Петербурга. В ходе настоящей конференции будут представлены следующие аспекты: Алишан и Европейский классицизм и романтизм, искусство книжных формаций произведений Алишана, Алишан и русская естественнонаучная мысль, Алишан и Петербург, статьи о русской литературе и культуре Алишана в Венецианском журнале Мхитаристов «Базмавеп».
К участию в конференции приглашаются историки, филологи, искусствоведы, архивоведы, студенты вузов и представители других дисциплин, связанные с изучением письменного наследия армянского народа. Официальные языки конференции — армянский, русский, французский, английский. Вы можете подать заявку на любом из этих языков.
https://orient.spbu.ru/index.php/ru/novosti/ob-yavleniya/arkhiv-ob-yavlenij/1606-27-i-28-aprelya-projdet-konferentsiya-velikie-armyanskie-prosvetiteli-mkrtich-khrimyan-i-gevond-alishan-k-200-letiyu-so-dnya-rozhdeniya?fbclid=IwAR0_h7MG5Ds-9bOSC-Un1yyt1kY3OxcibfvOCOOSQBmZt1wT61kivSlEfWc
http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14066&Itemid=48&fbclid=IwAR0ujyb4RyYQw0F1TbOlQfjkUakKv4r0pmX_NZmmRuBPI8FQz00mbPc0PHU