This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development o... more This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development of publicsector primary education through Breton and Gaelic, considering closely the patterns of power through which such provision is delivered. Brittany and Scotland present many similarities as culturally distinctive territories, contained within larger state-nations, which until recently allowed very little scope for minority language education. Initiatives to develop public-sector education through Breton and Gaelic were finally launched in the 1980s and have now became significantly institutionalised, even if they remain small in scale. The dynamics of institutionalisation have been very different in the two territories, however: parallel problems have been tackled in different ways, and issues that have proved fraught in one have presented few complications in the other. Both case studies demonstrate the importance of 'bottom-up' dynamics as a source of innovative energy.
This article analyses the Voynet Act of 1999 and its implementation in two regions, assessing the... more This article analyses the Voynet Act of 1999 and its implementation in two regions, assessing the explanatory value of conceptual approaches such as the institutionalisation of collective action, cognitive frameworks and regional governance. Institutionalisation of collective action accounts for the strategy adopted by the central state, but takes insufficient account of the state's diminishing normative capacity in the overall policy process. Under the influence of the cognitive framework established within each region, normative functions have been exercised largely by an emergent regional government in Rhoˆne-Alpes, while in Brittany, norms determined by local government interests have prevailed over regional governance trends.
European-indigenous categories blurred when Spanish men intermarried with native wives as a resul... more European-indigenous categories blurred when Spanish men intermarried with native wives as a result of the shortage of Spanish women. Part 3, "The Settlement Landscapes," which forms the heart of the book, reveals the tenuous hold Spaniards maintained across the region as they contended with droughts, epidemics, and Apache raids. Even Albuquerque, in the more heavily settled middle Rio Grande region, boasted a mere nineteen Spanish families on the eve of the Pueblo Revolt. As the author repeatedly acknowledges, any researcher investigating seventeenth-century New Mexico settlement patterns must reckon with the lack of land grant records and limited archaeological work. Through diligent research, Barrett has largely overcome these obstacles. What is unfortunate is that she did not place the regional patterns she identified in broader context by correlating them either with those after New Mexico's Pueblo Revolt, the rest of the Spanish Empire, or other colonial North American frontiers.
The myth depicting agriculture as the ‘guardian of nature’ proved to be extremely tenacious in Fr... more The myth depicting agriculture as the ‘guardian of nature’ proved to be extremely tenacious in France1 and only in the late 1980s, as a result of mounting fears about water pollution caused by nitrates from intensive farming in certain regions, did the need to combat the detrimental effects of agriculture on the environment eventually come to figure significantly on the policy agenda.2 In the intervening years, the growing influence of the EC/EU in the agrienvironmental domain and the increasing emphasis placed on the concept of sustainable development following the Rio Conference of 19923 have led to the adoption of a more comprehensive approach to the relationship between agriculture and the environment, including the nitrates issue. As a result of this widening of the conceptual parameters of policy and the increase in the number of actors involved, operating at different levels of government, the agrienvironmental issue can no longer be addressed solely as a local or regional problem.4 In France however, the regional dimension has been reinforced rather than eclipsed by such developments and the link between agriculture and water pollution by nitrates in a regional context has rarely been absent from the agrienvironmental initiatives undertaken over the last decade, under intensifying pressure from the EC/EU, with its own markedly regional perspective.5 The persistence of this regional dimension in France is of course due in part to the contrast in the types of farming practised in different regions, resulting in a
This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development o... more This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development of public- sector primary education through Breton and Gaelic, considering closely the patterns of power through which such provision is delivered. Brittany and Scotland present many similarities as culturally distinctive territories, contained within larger state-nations, which until recently allowed very little scope for minority language education. Initiatives to develop public-sector education through Breton and Gaelic were finally launched in the 1980s and have now became significantly institutionalised, even if they remain small in scale. The dynamics of institutionalisation have been very different in the two territories, however: parallel problems have been tackled in different ways, and issues that have proved fraught in one have presented few complications in the other. Both case studies demonstrate the importance of ‘bottom-up’ dynamics as a source of innovative energy.
Hospital systems throughout the developed world are undergoing waves of reform which seek to addr... more Hospital systems throughout the developed world are undergoing waves of reform which seek to address multiple challenges of intensifying acuity, such as population ageing, technological advance, heightened expectations on the part of increasingly informed patients, the reduction of public spending deficits and the specialisation of staff, especially nurses, as well as the difficulty in establishing appropriate incentives for change and improved performance. Within such a context, the purpose of this book is to analyse the interaction between the nursing professions and hospital institutions in France and Japan, taking as its starting point the conviction that comparative analysis of empirical reality in each of these countries will provide new insights into the transformations currently taking place. To that end, the material in this study has been contributed by an international, interdisciplinary team of experts, combining economic, sociological, political and historical perspecti...
This article assesses the impact of the Employment and Training Act of 1993, which enhanced the r... more This article assesses the impact of the Employment and Training Act of 1993, which enhanced the role of the regions in Youth Training policy making. The changes that have occurred are examined in terms of the concept of governance, which has often been criticized for its lack of rigour. The four previously distinct sub-sectors of Youth Training policy are analysed,
This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development o... more This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development of publicsector primary education through Breton and Gaelic, considering closely the patterns of power through which such provision is delivered. Brittany and Scotland present many similarities as culturally distinctive territories, contained within larger state-nations, which until recently allowed very little scope for minority language education. Initiatives to develop public-sector education through Breton and Gaelic were finally launched in the 1980s and have now became significantly institutionalised, even if they remain small in scale. The dynamics of institutionalisation have been very different in the two territories, however: parallel problems have been tackled in different ways, and issues that have proved fraught in one have presented few complications in the other. Both case studies demonstrate the importance of 'bottom-up' dynamics as a source of innovative energy.
This article analyses the Voynet Act of 1999 and its implementation in two regions, assessing the... more This article analyses the Voynet Act of 1999 and its implementation in two regions, assessing the explanatory value of conceptual approaches such as the institutionalisation of collective action, cognitive frameworks and regional governance. Institutionalisation of collective action accounts for the strategy adopted by the central state, but takes insufficient account of the state's diminishing normative capacity in the overall policy process. Under the influence of the cognitive framework established within each region, normative functions have been exercised largely by an emergent regional government in Rhoˆne-Alpes, while in Brittany, norms determined by local government interests have prevailed over regional governance trends.
European-indigenous categories blurred when Spanish men intermarried with native wives as a resul... more European-indigenous categories blurred when Spanish men intermarried with native wives as a result of the shortage of Spanish women. Part 3, "The Settlement Landscapes," which forms the heart of the book, reveals the tenuous hold Spaniards maintained across the region as they contended with droughts, epidemics, and Apache raids. Even Albuquerque, in the more heavily settled middle Rio Grande region, boasted a mere nineteen Spanish families on the eve of the Pueblo Revolt. As the author repeatedly acknowledges, any researcher investigating seventeenth-century New Mexico settlement patterns must reckon with the lack of land grant records and limited archaeological work. Through diligent research, Barrett has largely overcome these obstacles. What is unfortunate is that she did not place the regional patterns she identified in broader context by correlating them either with those after New Mexico's Pueblo Revolt, the rest of the Spanish Empire, or other colonial North American frontiers.
The myth depicting agriculture as the ‘guardian of nature’ proved to be extremely tenacious in Fr... more The myth depicting agriculture as the ‘guardian of nature’ proved to be extremely tenacious in France1 and only in the late 1980s, as a result of mounting fears about water pollution caused by nitrates from intensive farming in certain regions, did the need to combat the detrimental effects of agriculture on the environment eventually come to figure significantly on the policy agenda.2 In the intervening years, the growing influence of the EC/EU in the agrienvironmental domain and the increasing emphasis placed on the concept of sustainable development following the Rio Conference of 19923 have led to the adoption of a more comprehensive approach to the relationship between agriculture and the environment, including the nitrates issue. As a result of this widening of the conceptual parameters of policy and the increase in the number of actors involved, operating at different levels of government, the agrienvironmental issue can no longer be addressed solely as a local or regional problem.4 In France however, the regional dimension has been reinforced rather than eclipsed by such developments and the link between agriculture and water pollution by nitrates in a regional context has rarely been absent from the agrienvironmental initiatives undertaken over the last decade, under intensifying pressure from the EC/EU, with its own markedly regional perspective.5 The persistence of this regional dimension in France is of course due in part to the contrast in the types of farming practised in different regions, resulting in a
This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development o... more This paper examines the relationship between policy and politics in relation to the development of public- sector primary education through Breton and Gaelic, considering closely the patterns of power through which such provision is delivered. Brittany and Scotland present many similarities as culturally distinctive territories, contained within larger state-nations, which until recently allowed very little scope for minority language education. Initiatives to develop public-sector education through Breton and Gaelic were finally launched in the 1980s and have now became significantly institutionalised, even if they remain small in scale. The dynamics of institutionalisation have been very different in the two territories, however: parallel problems have been tackled in different ways, and issues that have proved fraught in one have presented few complications in the other. Both case studies demonstrate the importance of ‘bottom-up’ dynamics as a source of innovative energy.
Hospital systems throughout the developed world are undergoing waves of reform which seek to addr... more Hospital systems throughout the developed world are undergoing waves of reform which seek to address multiple challenges of intensifying acuity, such as population ageing, technological advance, heightened expectations on the part of increasingly informed patients, the reduction of public spending deficits and the specialisation of staff, especially nurses, as well as the difficulty in establishing appropriate incentives for change and improved performance. Within such a context, the purpose of this book is to analyse the interaction between the nursing professions and hospital institutions in France and Japan, taking as its starting point the conviction that comparative analysis of empirical reality in each of these countries will provide new insights into the transformations currently taking place. To that end, the material in this study has been contributed by an international, interdisciplinary team of experts, combining economic, sociological, political and historical perspecti...
This article assesses the impact of the Employment and Training Act of 1993, which enhanced the r... more This article assesses the impact of the Employment and Training Act of 1993, which enhanced the role of the regions in Youth Training policy making. The changes that have occurred are examined in terms of the concept of governance, which has often been criticized for its lack of rigour. The four previously distinct sub-sectors of Youth Training policy are analysed,
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