Lens-free Shadow Imaging Technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterizatio... more Lens-free Shadow Imaging Technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterization of microparticles and biological cells. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various low-cost solutions have been evolved, such as automatic analysis of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability, 2D cell morphology, 3D cell tomography, etc. The developed auto characterization algorithm so far for this custom-developed LSIT cytometer was based on the hand-crafted features of the cell diffraction patterns from the LSIT cytometer, that were determined from our empirical findings on thousands of samples of individual cell types, which limit the system in terms of induction of a new cell type for auto classification or characterization. Further, its performance is suffering from poor image (cell diffraction pattern) signatures due to its small signal or background noise. In this work, we address these issues by leveraging the artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing s...
The lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characteriz... more The lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterization of microparticles and biological cells. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various low-cost solutions have been developed, such as automatic analysis of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability, 2D cell morphology, 3D cell tomography, etc. The developed auto characterization algorithm so far for this custom-developed LSIT cytometer was based on the handcrafted features of the cell diffraction patterns from the LSIT cytometer, that were determined from our empirical findings on thousands of samples of individual cell types, which limit the system in terms of induction of a new cell type for auto classification or characterization. Further, its performance suffers from poor image (cell diffraction pattern) signatures due to their small signal or background noise. In this work, we address these issues by leveraging the artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing...
Digital Inline Holography (DIH) based microscopy is a well-established technique for the characte... more Digital Inline Holography (DIH) based microscopy is a well-established technique for the characterization of nano and microparticles, such as biological cells, artificial microparticles, quantum dots, etc. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various practical solutions such as auto characterization of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability test, and 3D cell tomography have been developed. In our previous work, we demonstrated the feasibility of this system to perform complete blood count along with the auto characterization of cell-lines as well as shape and size characterization of the microparticles. However, its performance suffered due to the weak signals from some of the cells owing to their poor signatures and the presence of background noise. The auto characterization technique therein was based on the parameters determined from our empirical findings, which limit the system in terms of its cellline recognition power. In this work, we try to address these issues by leveraging an artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing scheme as well as adaptive cell characterization technique. The performance comparison of our proposed method with the existing analytical model shows an increase in accuracy to >98% along with the signal enhancement of >5 dB for most cell types like Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC), except the cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF-7) for which the accuracy is about 84%.
Okra a commercial vegetable crop belongs to family Malvaceae. It originates from Ethiopia and is ... more Okra a commercial vegetable crop belongs to family Malvaceae. It originates from Ethiopia and is widely spread all over tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It plays an important role in the human diet and is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, calcium, potassium, enzymes, and total minerals which are often lacking in the diet of developing country. Its medicinal value has also been reported in curing ulcers and relief from hemorrhoids. Okra has found medical application as a plasma replacement or blood volume expander and also useful in genito-urinary disorders, spermatorrhoea and chronic dysentery. The fruits of okra have reawakened beneficial interest in bringing this crop into commercial production.
BACKGROUND The thermal burn is accidental and also is the hidden and worst complication of medica... more BACKGROUND The thermal burn is accidental and also is the hidden and worst complication of medical plaster application. This study evaluated clinical and aetiological profile and severity of plaster burns. METHODS In Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from 1st August 2014 to 31st December 2015, six patients with plaster burn were assessed for total body surface area and depth of burn. The wounds were cultured and dressed with moist dressings daily till the surgical procedure and satisfactory healing. RESULTS The youngest patient was 10 and oldest 65 years (mean age: 40.20±6.67 years, 4 males and two females with ratio of 2:1). Three patients sustained plaster burn injury accidentally at home and 3 developed burn after medical application of plaster. The hands burns were observed commonly in accidental plaster burns, while ankle was often involved in iatrogenic plaster burns. The iatrogenic burns were mostly deep in thickness varying 2nd to 4th degree, while acci...
2020 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 2020
Digital inline holography (DIH) is a proven technique for cell and microparticle analysis. This t... more Digital inline holography (DIH) is a proven technique for cell and microparticle analysis. This technique has been used for auto characterization of microparticles. Recently, it has been used for the characterization of complete blood count (CBC) from a whole blood sample, where the comparable results between the traditional LH750 Haematology analyser and the DIH microscope system show a correlation of 0.87 for red blood cells (RBC) and 0.92 for white blood cells (WBC). However, we observed that the DIH microscope system is very sensitive to dust and other foreign microparticles from the surrounding environment. This hampers the quality of the micrograph. Moreover, the non-uniform illumination also hinders the signal quality of the images of the cell diffraction patterns. To overcome these problems, we have investigated various neural network-based signal enhancement schemes. The results show a significant improvement in the signal quality to that of the noisy version. The study sho...
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems and has made prevention of healt... more The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems and has made prevention of healthcare personnel exposure a high priority. Essential healthcare services, including multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings that make medical decisions, are expected to continue uninterrupted in this time of social distancing. There are a multitude of virtual platforms available to enable remote MDT meetings, and the pandemic has accelerated their arrival into daily healthcare practice. While we deal with a pandemic crisis, we have comprehensively reviewed and reported on the popular platforms and services available for this purpose. While each platform has its own unique features and drawbacks, it is essential to liaise with information technology departments and data governance teams to understand the optimal platforms for use within each healthcare setting. Level of evidence: Not ratable
Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 20... more Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, there has been an upsurge in the number of deaths and infected individuals throughout the world, thereby leading to the World Health Organization declaration of a pandemic. Since no specific therapy is currently available for the same, the present study was aimed to explore the SARS-CoV-2 genome for the identification of immunogenic regions using immunoinformatics approach. A series of computational tools were applied in a systematic way to identify the epitopes that could be utilized in vaccine development. The screened-out epitopes were passed through several immune filters, such as promiscuousity, conservancy, antigenicity, nonallergenicity, population coverage, nonhomologous to human proteins, and affinity with human leukocyte antigen alleles, to screen out the best possible ones. Further, a construct comprising 11 CD4, 12 CD8, 3 B cell, and 3 interferon-γ epitopes, along with an adjuvant β-defensin, was designed in silico, resulting in the formation of a multiepitope vaccine. The in silico immune simulation and population coverage analysis of the vaccine sequence showed its capacity to elicit cellular, humoral, and innate immune cells and to cover up a worldwide population of more than 97%. Further, the interaction analysis of the vaccine construct with Toll-like receptor 3 (immune receptor) was carried out by docking and dynamics simulations, revealing high affinity, constancy, and pliability between the two. The overall findings suggest that the vaccine may be highly effective, and is therefore required to be tested in the lab settings to evaluate its efficacy.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects almost 150 million people and is a leading cause of liver disease... more Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects almost 150 million people and is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It has been classified into seven genotypes; the most common genotype affecting Indian population is genotype 3 (60-70%). Currently there is no vaccine for any genotype of HCV. In order to develop peptide based vaccine against HCV, it is important to identify the conservancy in the circulating genotypes, along with the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles in the target population. The present study aims to identify conserved CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cell epitopes against Indian HCV-genotype-3a using an in silico analysis. In the present study, 28 promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes and some CD8 epitopes were identified. The NS4 region was predicted to be the most antigenic with maximum number of conserved and promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes and CD8 T cell epitopes having strong and intermediate affinity towards a number of HLA alleles prevalent in Indian population. Additionally, some linear B cell epitopes were also identified, which could generate neutralizing antibodies. In order to ascertain the binding pattern of the identified epitopes with HLA alleles, molecular docking analysis was carried out. The authors suggest further experimental validation to investigate the immunogenicity of the identified epitopes.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
i-manager's Journal on Information Technology, 2015
Chapter 3: Problem Statement Chapter 4: Implementation and Experimental results-4.1 Experimental ... more Chapter 3: Problem Statement Chapter 4: Implementation and Experimental results-4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Methodology 4.3 Steps performed during the configuration of WEKA on windows OS 4.4 Data preparation 4.4.1 Converting Enron e-mail text files in ARFF dataset 4.4.2 Saving the ARFF dataset 4.4.3 Conversion of text to wordvector 4.4.3.1 StringToWordVector Filter 4.4.4 Generating dataset for Experimentation 4.4.5 Experiments performed 4.4.5.1 Preprocessing 4.4.5.2 Classification 4.4.5.3 Results and performance analysis of the classifier model 4.5 Summary of the chapter Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Scope 49-5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Future Scope References 51-I
Boerhaavia diffusa belonging to the family of the Nyctaginaceae is mainly a diffused perennial he... more Boerhaavia diffusa belonging to the family of the Nyctaginaceae is mainly a diffused perennial herbaceous creeping weed of India. The present study deals with the investigation of phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa. The result revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroid and tannin in both the root extracts. B. diffusa root extract possesses antimicrobial activity as the zone of inhibition was observed for both gram positive as well as gram negative bacterial strains.
Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for gall stone disease. Male sex has also been ... more Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for gall stone disease. Male sex has also been recently cited as a risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis. As a possible cause of several difference in regards to the severity of cholecystitis, many physiological differences between the two sexes can be examined. Many studies have been done on the risk factors for developing the gall bladder disease explaining its polygenic nature It is postulated that the total body fat, the main value of which is significantly higher for females than males, may contribute to this sex difference. Only a couple of studies are available on BMI and its effect on severity of cholecystitis hence depicting the need for this study in our setup.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out on 70 patients for cholecystitis whose weight and height measurements had been recorded on admission. Patients were placed in either group-Obese (BMI e” 25kg/m2) or Non-Obese (BMI <25kg/m2). The associati...
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) responsible for causing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an op... more Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) responsible for causing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an opportunistic angioproliferative neoplasm is emerging rapidly. Despite this there is no permanent cure for this disease. The present study was aimed to design a multi-epitope based vaccine targeting the major glycoproteins of KSHV which plays an important role in the virus entry. After the application of rigorous immunoinformatics analysis and several immune filters, the multi-epitope vaccine was constructed, consisting of CD4, CD8 and IFN-γ inducing epitopes. Several physiochemical characteristics, allergenicity and antigenicity of the multi-epitope vaccine were analyzed in order to ensure its safety and immunogenicity. Further, the binding affinity and stability of the vaccine with Toll like receptor -9 (TLR-9) was analyzed by molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies. In addition, an in silico cloning was performed to ensure the expression and translation efficiency of the vacci...
Worldwide, hepatitis C (HCV) is considered as an important public health problem as it is associa... more Worldwide, hepatitis C (HCV) is considered as an important public health problem as it is associated with severe complications and high morbidity and mortality. Majority of infections are usually asymptomatic during initial phases, however majority of the infected individuals develop symptomatic disease during the latter phase of illness. Hepatitis C virus has seven genotypes and 67 subtypes and also different quasispecies are known to circulate in one particular individual. The diagnosis is usually established by serology/ molecular tests. HCV is a RNA virus, which is associated with high mutations rate. At present newer antivirals are available that are associated with good sustained virologic response, but these are very costly and are beyond the reach of common man in developing countries. Thus, vaccine candidates are required for preventing the infection. Though, different vaccine candidates are present, but all are in clinical trials and at present no commercially available vaccine is available. In the present minireview, recent vaccine candidates have been discussed along with a summary of challenges being faced in the development of an ideal HCV vaccine.
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2015
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2016
Nasal intubation technique was first described in 1902 by Kuhn. The others pioneering the nasal i... more Nasal intubation technique was first described in 1902 by Kuhn. The others pioneering the nasal intubation techniques were Macewen, Rosenberg, Meltzer and Auer, and Elsberg. It is the most common method used for giving anesthesia in oral surgeries as it provides a good field for surgeons to operate. The anatomy behind nasal intubation is necessary to know as it gives an idea about the pathway of the endotracheal tube and complications encountered during nasotracheal intubation. Various techniques can be used to intubate the patient by nasal route and all of them have their own associated complications which are discussed in this article. Various complications may arise while doing nasotracheal intubation but a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and physics behind the procedure can help reduce such complications and manage appropriately. It is important for an anesthesiologist to be well versed with the basics of nasotracheal intubation and advances in the techniques. A thorough knowl...
DEAR EDITOR Diwali or deepavali (deep=lamp) also called "the festival of lights", is an ancient H... more DEAR EDITOR Diwali or deepavali (deep=lamp) also called "the festival of lights", is an ancient Hindu festival that has been celebrated in the Indian subcontinent from centuries. Its origins have been mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures like Padma Purana and Skanda Purana. It is celebrated mainly by the Hindus and Sikhs while Jains and Buddhists also observe it to a lesser degree. 1 It is celebrated by Indians as well as Non Resident Indians throughout the world with much pomp and vigor according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar in the months of October to November, with decorative drawing designs (Rangoli), sweets, lighting offices and houses with lights and lamps and on the night of Diwali the much popular lighting of fire crackers. 1 Firecrackers have been used to celebrate various festivals and celebrations all over the world, from their origins in ancient China for the Chinese New Year, to Halloween in America, Day of Ashura in Morocco, St Bastilles day in France, Diwali in India etc. Every year on the eve of Diwali and 2 days following it the number of patients related to firecracker injuries reach epidemic proportions, so much so that various hospitals including our own deploys special teams with extra trained plastic surgeons and other personnel on these days. 1 This study was conducted over a period of two years showing the various types of injuries related to firecrackers that were referred to the burns, reconstructive and plastic surgery department at our institute and to shed some light on the potential and dangerous affects of fire crackers that if not used by professional pyrotechnicians can be hazardous, so that we can truly wish each other, a safe and happy Diwali. The study conducted in our tertiary care institute in North India, on the eve of two Diwalis of 2014 and 2015, and the 2 days following it for the two consecutive years. All patients with firecracker injuries were assessed for site and depth of lacerations/ blowout injuries and extent and depth of burns. Wounds were thoroughly debrided, washed and dressed with moist dressings until final surgical management/healing. Forty patients were referred to the division of burns, reconstructive and plastic surgery of our institution for the management of injuries associated with firecrackers. There were 18 patients referred in the 2014 Diwali and 22 patients in the 2015 Diwali. There were 32 males and 8 females (M/F: 4/1). The mean age observed was 19.92±4.19 years.
Lens-free Shadow Imaging Technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterizatio... more Lens-free Shadow Imaging Technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterization of microparticles and biological cells. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various low-cost solutions have been evolved, such as automatic analysis of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability, 2D cell morphology, 3D cell tomography, etc. The developed auto characterization algorithm so far for this custom-developed LSIT cytometer was based on the hand-crafted features of the cell diffraction patterns from the LSIT cytometer, that were determined from our empirical findings on thousands of samples of individual cell types, which limit the system in terms of induction of a new cell type for auto classification or characterization. Further, its performance is suffering from poor image (cell diffraction pattern) signatures due to its small signal or background noise. In this work, we address these issues by leveraging the artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing s...
The lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characteriz... more The lens-free shadow imaging technique (LSIT) is a well-established technique for the characterization of microparticles and biological cells. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various low-cost solutions have been developed, such as automatic analysis of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability, 2D cell morphology, 3D cell tomography, etc. The developed auto characterization algorithm so far for this custom-developed LSIT cytometer was based on the handcrafted features of the cell diffraction patterns from the LSIT cytometer, that were determined from our empirical findings on thousands of samples of individual cell types, which limit the system in terms of induction of a new cell type for auto classification or characterization. Further, its performance suffers from poor image (cell diffraction pattern) signatures due to their small signal or background noise. In this work, we address these issues by leveraging the artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing...
Digital Inline Holography (DIH) based microscopy is a well-established technique for the characte... more Digital Inline Holography (DIH) based microscopy is a well-established technique for the characterization of nano and microparticles, such as biological cells, artificial microparticles, quantum dots, etc. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various practical solutions such as auto characterization of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability test, and 3D cell tomography have been developed. In our previous work, we demonstrated the feasibility of this system to perform complete blood count along with the auto characterization of cell-lines as well as shape and size characterization of the microparticles. However, its performance suffered due to the weak signals from some of the cells owing to their poor signatures and the presence of background noise. The auto characterization technique therein was based on the parameters determined from our empirical findings, which limit the system in terms of its cellline recognition power. In this work, we try to address these issues by leveraging an artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing scheme as well as adaptive cell characterization technique. The performance comparison of our proposed method with the existing analytical model shows an increase in accuracy to >98% along with the signal enhancement of >5 dB for most cell types like Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC), except the cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF-7) for which the accuracy is about 84%.
Okra a commercial vegetable crop belongs to family Malvaceae. It originates from Ethiopia and is ... more Okra a commercial vegetable crop belongs to family Malvaceae. It originates from Ethiopia and is widely spread all over tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It plays an important role in the human diet and is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, calcium, potassium, enzymes, and total minerals which are often lacking in the diet of developing country. Its medicinal value has also been reported in curing ulcers and relief from hemorrhoids. Okra has found medical application as a plasma replacement or blood volume expander and also useful in genito-urinary disorders, spermatorrhoea and chronic dysentery. The fruits of okra have reawakened beneficial interest in bringing this crop into commercial production.
BACKGROUND The thermal burn is accidental and also is the hidden and worst complication of medica... more BACKGROUND The thermal burn is accidental and also is the hidden and worst complication of medical plaster application. This study evaluated clinical and aetiological profile and severity of plaster burns. METHODS In Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from 1st August 2014 to 31st December 2015, six patients with plaster burn were assessed for total body surface area and depth of burn. The wounds were cultured and dressed with moist dressings daily till the surgical procedure and satisfactory healing. RESULTS The youngest patient was 10 and oldest 65 years (mean age: 40.20±6.67 years, 4 males and two females with ratio of 2:1). Three patients sustained plaster burn injury accidentally at home and 3 developed burn after medical application of plaster. The hands burns were observed commonly in accidental plaster burns, while ankle was often involved in iatrogenic plaster burns. The iatrogenic burns were mostly deep in thickness varying 2nd to 4th degree, while acci...
2020 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 2020
Digital inline holography (DIH) is a proven technique for cell and microparticle analysis. This t... more Digital inline holography (DIH) is a proven technique for cell and microparticle analysis. This technique has been used for auto characterization of microparticles. Recently, it has been used for the characterization of complete blood count (CBC) from a whole blood sample, where the comparable results between the traditional LH750 Haematology analyser and the DIH microscope system show a correlation of 0.87 for red blood cells (RBC) and 0.92 for white blood cells (WBC). However, we observed that the DIH microscope system is very sensitive to dust and other foreign microparticles from the surrounding environment. This hampers the quality of the micrograph. Moreover, the non-uniform illumination also hinders the signal quality of the images of the cell diffraction patterns. To overcome these problems, we have investigated various neural network-based signal enhancement schemes. The results show a significant improvement in the signal quality to that of the noisy version. The study sho...
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems and has made prevention of healt... more The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems and has made prevention of healthcare personnel exposure a high priority. Essential healthcare services, including multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings that make medical decisions, are expected to continue uninterrupted in this time of social distancing. There are a multitude of virtual platforms available to enable remote MDT meetings, and the pandemic has accelerated their arrival into daily healthcare practice. While we deal with a pandemic crisis, we have comprehensively reviewed and reported on the popular platforms and services available for this purpose. While each platform has its own unique features and drawbacks, it is essential to liaise with information technology departments and data governance teams to understand the optimal platforms for use within each healthcare setting. Level of evidence: Not ratable
Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 20... more Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, there has been an upsurge in the number of deaths and infected individuals throughout the world, thereby leading to the World Health Organization declaration of a pandemic. Since no specific therapy is currently available for the same, the present study was aimed to explore the SARS-CoV-2 genome for the identification of immunogenic regions using immunoinformatics approach. A series of computational tools were applied in a systematic way to identify the epitopes that could be utilized in vaccine development. The screened-out epitopes were passed through several immune filters, such as promiscuousity, conservancy, antigenicity, nonallergenicity, population coverage, nonhomologous to human proteins, and affinity with human leukocyte antigen alleles, to screen out the best possible ones. Further, a construct comprising 11 CD4, 12 CD8, 3 B cell, and 3 interferon-γ epitopes, along with an adjuvant β-defensin, was designed in silico, resulting in the formation of a multiepitope vaccine. The in silico immune simulation and population coverage analysis of the vaccine sequence showed its capacity to elicit cellular, humoral, and innate immune cells and to cover up a worldwide population of more than 97%. Further, the interaction analysis of the vaccine construct with Toll-like receptor 3 (immune receptor) was carried out by docking and dynamics simulations, revealing high affinity, constancy, and pliability between the two. The overall findings suggest that the vaccine may be highly effective, and is therefore required to be tested in the lab settings to evaluate its efficacy.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects almost 150 million people and is a leading cause of liver disease... more Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects almost 150 million people and is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It has been classified into seven genotypes; the most common genotype affecting Indian population is genotype 3 (60-70%). Currently there is no vaccine for any genotype of HCV. In order to develop peptide based vaccine against HCV, it is important to identify the conservancy in the circulating genotypes, along with the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles in the target population. The present study aims to identify conserved CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cell epitopes against Indian HCV-genotype-3a using an in silico analysis. In the present study, 28 promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes and some CD8 epitopes were identified. The NS4 region was predicted to be the most antigenic with maximum number of conserved and promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes and CD8 T cell epitopes having strong and intermediate affinity towards a number of HLA alleles prevalent in Indian population. Additionally, some linear B cell epitopes were also identified, which could generate neutralizing antibodies. In order to ascertain the binding pattern of the identified epitopes with HLA alleles, molecular docking analysis was carried out. The authors suggest further experimental validation to investigate the immunogenicity of the identified epitopes.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
i-manager's Journal on Information Technology, 2015
Chapter 3: Problem Statement Chapter 4: Implementation and Experimental results-4.1 Experimental ... more Chapter 3: Problem Statement Chapter 4: Implementation and Experimental results-4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Methodology 4.3 Steps performed during the configuration of WEKA on windows OS 4.4 Data preparation 4.4.1 Converting Enron e-mail text files in ARFF dataset 4.4.2 Saving the ARFF dataset 4.4.3 Conversion of text to wordvector 4.4.3.1 StringToWordVector Filter 4.4.4 Generating dataset for Experimentation 4.4.5 Experiments performed 4.4.5.1 Preprocessing 4.4.5.2 Classification 4.4.5.3 Results and performance analysis of the classifier model 4.5 Summary of the chapter Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Scope 49-5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Future Scope References 51-I
Boerhaavia diffusa belonging to the family of the Nyctaginaceae is mainly a diffused perennial he... more Boerhaavia diffusa belonging to the family of the Nyctaginaceae is mainly a diffused perennial herbaceous creeping weed of India. The present study deals with the investigation of phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extract of the roots of Boerhaavia diffusa. The result revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, steroid and tannin in both the root extracts. B. diffusa root extract possesses antimicrobial activity as the zone of inhibition was observed for both gram positive as well as gram negative bacterial strains.
Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for gall stone disease. Male sex has also been ... more Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for gall stone disease. Male sex has also been recently cited as a risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis. As a possible cause of several difference in regards to the severity of cholecystitis, many physiological differences between the two sexes can be examined. Many studies have been done on the risk factors for developing the gall bladder disease explaining its polygenic nature It is postulated that the total body fat, the main value of which is significantly higher for females than males, may contribute to this sex difference. Only a couple of studies are available on BMI and its effect on severity of cholecystitis hence depicting the need for this study in our setup.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out on 70 patients for cholecystitis whose weight and height measurements had been recorded on admission. Patients were placed in either group-Obese (BMI e” 25kg/m2) or Non-Obese (BMI <25kg/m2). The associati...
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) responsible for causing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an op... more Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) responsible for causing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an opportunistic angioproliferative neoplasm is emerging rapidly. Despite this there is no permanent cure for this disease. The present study was aimed to design a multi-epitope based vaccine targeting the major glycoproteins of KSHV which plays an important role in the virus entry. After the application of rigorous immunoinformatics analysis and several immune filters, the multi-epitope vaccine was constructed, consisting of CD4, CD8 and IFN-γ inducing epitopes. Several physiochemical characteristics, allergenicity and antigenicity of the multi-epitope vaccine were analyzed in order to ensure its safety and immunogenicity. Further, the binding affinity and stability of the vaccine with Toll like receptor -9 (TLR-9) was analyzed by molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies. In addition, an in silico cloning was performed to ensure the expression and translation efficiency of the vacci...
Worldwide, hepatitis C (HCV) is considered as an important public health problem as it is associa... more Worldwide, hepatitis C (HCV) is considered as an important public health problem as it is associated with severe complications and high morbidity and mortality. Majority of infections are usually asymptomatic during initial phases, however majority of the infected individuals develop symptomatic disease during the latter phase of illness. Hepatitis C virus has seven genotypes and 67 subtypes and also different quasispecies are known to circulate in one particular individual. The diagnosis is usually established by serology/ molecular tests. HCV is a RNA virus, which is associated with high mutations rate. At present newer antivirals are available that are associated with good sustained virologic response, but these are very costly and are beyond the reach of common man in developing countries. Thus, vaccine candidates are required for preventing the infection. Though, different vaccine candidates are present, but all are in clinical trials and at present no commercially available vaccine is available. In the present minireview, recent vaccine candidates have been discussed along with a summary of challenges being faced in the development of an ideal HCV vaccine.
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2015
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2016
Nasal intubation technique was first described in 1902 by Kuhn. The others pioneering the nasal i... more Nasal intubation technique was first described in 1902 by Kuhn. The others pioneering the nasal intubation techniques were Macewen, Rosenberg, Meltzer and Auer, and Elsberg. It is the most common method used for giving anesthesia in oral surgeries as it provides a good field for surgeons to operate. The anatomy behind nasal intubation is necessary to know as it gives an idea about the pathway of the endotracheal tube and complications encountered during nasotracheal intubation. Various techniques can be used to intubate the patient by nasal route and all of them have their own associated complications which are discussed in this article. Various complications may arise while doing nasotracheal intubation but a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and physics behind the procedure can help reduce such complications and manage appropriately. It is important for an anesthesiologist to be well versed with the basics of nasotracheal intubation and advances in the techniques. A thorough knowl...
DEAR EDITOR Diwali or deepavali (deep=lamp) also called "the festival of lights", is an ancient H... more DEAR EDITOR Diwali or deepavali (deep=lamp) also called "the festival of lights", is an ancient Hindu festival that has been celebrated in the Indian subcontinent from centuries. Its origins have been mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures like Padma Purana and Skanda Purana. It is celebrated mainly by the Hindus and Sikhs while Jains and Buddhists also observe it to a lesser degree. 1 It is celebrated by Indians as well as Non Resident Indians throughout the world with much pomp and vigor according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar in the months of October to November, with decorative drawing designs (Rangoli), sweets, lighting offices and houses with lights and lamps and on the night of Diwali the much popular lighting of fire crackers. 1 Firecrackers have been used to celebrate various festivals and celebrations all over the world, from their origins in ancient China for the Chinese New Year, to Halloween in America, Day of Ashura in Morocco, St Bastilles day in France, Diwali in India etc. Every year on the eve of Diwali and 2 days following it the number of patients related to firecracker injuries reach epidemic proportions, so much so that various hospitals including our own deploys special teams with extra trained plastic surgeons and other personnel on these days. 1 This study was conducted over a period of two years showing the various types of injuries related to firecrackers that were referred to the burns, reconstructive and plastic surgery department at our institute and to shed some light on the potential and dangerous affects of fire crackers that if not used by professional pyrotechnicians can be hazardous, so that we can truly wish each other, a safe and happy Diwali. The study conducted in our tertiary care institute in North India, on the eve of two Diwalis of 2014 and 2015, and the 2 days following it for the two consecutive years. All patients with firecracker injuries were assessed for site and depth of lacerations/ blowout injuries and extent and depth of burns. Wounds were thoroughly debrided, washed and dressed with moist dressings until final surgical management/healing. Forty patients were referred to the division of burns, reconstructive and plastic surgery of our institution for the management of injuries associated with firecrackers. There were 18 patients referred in the 2014 Diwali and 22 patients in the 2015 Diwali. There were 32 males and 8 females (M/F: 4/1). The mean age observed was 19.92±4.19 years.
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Papers by Varun Chauhan