This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a reliable, fast and micro-destructive diagnostic ... more Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a reliable, fast and micro-destructive diagnostic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of materials. In this paper, we report the results of quantitative determination of antimony in four archaeological bronze artefacts analyzed by means of LIBS. For the purpose of this study, an approach of multi-elemental quantitative LIBS analysis is proposed, based on the use of an element with known concentration as an internal standard and measurement of the spectral lines intensities of the internal standard and the element with unknown concentration. An important plasma parameter which is included in the quantitative analysis is the excitation temperature as determined by the Boltzmann plot method. The quantity of antimony in the bronze artefacts obtained by means of the proposed LIBS approach is between 1.49% and 3.13%.
In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was applied to determining the elemental compo... more In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was applied to determining the elemental composition of a set of ancient bronze artefacts dated from the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (14 th 10 th century BC). We used a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with pulse duration of 10 ns and energy of 10 mJ and determined the elemental composition of the bronze alloy that was used in manufacturing the samples under study. The concentrations of tin and lead in the bulk of the examined materials was estimated after generating calibration curves for a set of four standard samples. The preliminary results of the analysis will provide information on the artefacts provenance and on the production process.
In the present work, we report on the analysis of archaeological metal artefacts from Late Bronze... more In the present work, we report on the analysis of archaeological metal artefacts from Late Bronze Age, performed by means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The experiment was carried out at ambient air and at 1064 nm of a Nd:YAG laser with pulse durations of 10 ns and energy of 10 mJ. The analytical information obtained by LIBS spectra was used for qualitative determination of the elements in the material used for manufacturing of the investigated objects. Quantitative estimation of the elemental concentration of tin and lead in the bulk of the samples was done after generating calibration curves for a set of four standard samples with a wide range of tin and lead concentrations and with similar matrix composition. The preliminary results of the qualitative and the quantitative analyses gave indications about the manufacturing process of the investigated objects and for their provenance as well.
In the presented work, a total of 60 bronze artefacts from the prehistoric settlement of Baley, B... more In the presented work, a total of 60 bronze artefacts from the prehistoric settlement of Baley, Bulgaria were analyzed by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The archaeological finds were excavated from three levels, with a time span from the 15th century BC to the first half of the 11th century BC. The obtained analytical information was used for quantitative estimation of the amount of tin, lead and arsenic, which determine the mechanical properties of the alloy and the manufacturing technology. Based on the estimated quantities of these elements, a chemometric statistical analysis (principal component analysis—PCA) was performed to classify and divide the samples into separate groups according to the production dating. The data obtained in this study can be used for comparison with the elemental content in deposits from other settlements of this period.
Abstract This report presents pilot research of archaeological pottery excavated in the Early-Neo... more Abstract This report presents pilot research of archaeological pottery excavated in the Early-Neolithic settlement of Chavdar located in the Pirdop-Zlatitsa field, Bulgaria (first half of VI mill BC). The object of investigation is a red-slipped ceramic fragment decorated on both sides with white paint. A multi-analytical approach including optical microscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was undertaken to obtain comprehensive information contributing to the archaeological interpretation. The observations identified the qualitative chemical composition of the ceramic body and the pigment used for the decoration and gave implications on the temperature and the atmospheric conditions at which the vessel has been fired.
We present the investigations on the nature of the white paste used for incrustations on pottery ... more We present the investigations on the nature of the white paste used for incrustations on pottery from Early and Late Chalcolithic period (IV mill BC) found in two regions on the territory of Bulgaria. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were carried out for determination of the material constituents and structure. The resulting spectra revealed different consistency of the incrusted white substance: bioapatite, gypsum and calcites based on inorganic mixtures, thus proving the knowledge of various techniques in the ancient manufacturing process and the possible ties with the prehistorical Balkans cultures in the near by areas around.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique for qualitative and quanti... more Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of solids, liquids and gases. In this work, the method was applied for investigation of archaeological bronze objects. The analytical information obtained by LIBS was used for qualitative determination of the elements in the material used for manufacturing of the objects under study. Quantitative chemical analysis was also performed after generating calibration curves with standard samples of similar matrix composition. Quantitative estimation of the elemental concentration of the bulk of the samples was performed, together with investigation of the surface layer of the objects. The results of the quantitative analyses gave indications about the manufacturing process of the investigated objects.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a reliable, fast and micro-destructive diagnostic ... more Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a reliable, fast and micro-destructive diagnostic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of materials. In this paper, we report the results of quantitative determination of antimony in four archaeological bronze artefacts analyzed by means of LIBS. For the purpose of this study, an approach of multi-elemental quantitative LIBS analysis is proposed, based on the use of an element with known concentration as an internal standard and measurement of the spectral lines intensities of the internal standard and the element with unknown concentration. An important plasma parameter which is included in the quantitative analysis is the excitation temperature as determined by the Boltzmann plot method. The quantity of antimony in the bronze artefacts obtained by means of the proposed LIBS approach is between 1.49% and 3.13%.
In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was applied to determining the elemental compo... more In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was applied to determining the elemental composition of a set of ancient bronze artefacts dated from the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (14 th 10 th century BC). We used a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with pulse duration of 10 ns and energy of 10 mJ and determined the elemental composition of the bronze alloy that was used in manufacturing the samples under study. The concentrations of tin and lead in the bulk of the examined materials was estimated after generating calibration curves for a set of four standard samples. The preliminary results of the analysis will provide information on the artefacts provenance and on the production process.
In the present work, we report on the analysis of archaeological metal artefacts from Late Bronze... more In the present work, we report on the analysis of archaeological metal artefacts from Late Bronze Age, performed by means of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The experiment was carried out at ambient air and at 1064 nm of a Nd:YAG laser with pulse durations of 10 ns and energy of 10 mJ. The analytical information obtained by LIBS spectra was used for qualitative determination of the elements in the material used for manufacturing of the investigated objects. Quantitative estimation of the elemental concentration of tin and lead in the bulk of the samples was done after generating calibration curves for a set of four standard samples with a wide range of tin and lead concentrations and with similar matrix composition. The preliminary results of the qualitative and the quantitative analyses gave indications about the manufacturing process of the investigated objects and for their provenance as well.
In the presented work, a total of 60 bronze artefacts from the prehistoric settlement of Baley, B... more In the presented work, a total of 60 bronze artefacts from the prehistoric settlement of Baley, Bulgaria were analyzed by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The archaeological finds were excavated from three levels, with a time span from the 15th century BC to the first half of the 11th century BC. The obtained analytical information was used for quantitative estimation of the amount of tin, lead and arsenic, which determine the mechanical properties of the alloy and the manufacturing technology. Based on the estimated quantities of these elements, a chemometric statistical analysis (principal component analysis—PCA) was performed to classify and divide the samples into separate groups according to the production dating. The data obtained in this study can be used for comparison with the elemental content in deposits from other settlements of this period.
Abstract This report presents pilot research of archaeological pottery excavated in the Early-Neo... more Abstract This report presents pilot research of archaeological pottery excavated in the Early-Neolithic settlement of Chavdar located in the Pirdop-Zlatitsa field, Bulgaria (first half of VI mill BC). The object of investigation is a red-slipped ceramic fragment decorated on both sides with white paint. A multi-analytical approach including optical microscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was undertaken to obtain comprehensive information contributing to the archaeological interpretation. The observations identified the qualitative chemical composition of the ceramic body and the pigment used for the decoration and gave implications on the temperature and the atmospheric conditions at which the vessel has been fired.
We present the investigations on the nature of the white paste used for incrustations on pottery ... more We present the investigations on the nature of the white paste used for incrustations on pottery from Early and Late Chalcolithic period (IV mill BC) found in two regions on the territory of Bulgaria. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were carried out for determination of the material constituents and structure. The resulting spectra revealed different consistency of the incrusted white substance: bioapatite, gypsum and calcites based on inorganic mixtures, thus proving the knowledge of various techniques in the ancient manufacturing process and the possible ties with the prehistorical Balkans cultures in the near by areas around.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique for qualitative and quanti... more Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of solids, liquids and gases. In this work, the method was applied for investigation of archaeological bronze objects. The analytical information obtained by LIBS was used for qualitative determination of the elements in the material used for manufacturing of the objects under study. Quantitative chemical analysis was also performed after generating calibration curves with standard samples of similar matrix composition. Quantitative estimation of the elemental concentration of the bulk of the samples was performed, together with investigation of the surface layer of the objects. The results of the quantitative analyses gave indications about the manufacturing process of the investigated objects.
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