Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, but its productive potential is threat... more Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, but its productive potential is threatened by the presence of stored product pests that compromise quality and quantity. The use of synthetic insecticides and selective pressure make many of these pests increasingly resistant to control. Concern for health and the environment requires the development of less toxic and persistent products for the management of these undesirable organisms. The insecticide activity of aqueous extracts of 15 vegetal species was evaluated to control grain beetles, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in maize stored. The adult insects came from the laboratory at Biological Institute of São Paulo. They were fed with sterilized grains of maize and kept in a room at 25±2°C and 70±% of relative humidity. The plants for the aqueous extracts were crushed in distilled water and the vegetal mass was filtered next. The liquid resulting from the filtering process was stored in plastic containers and frozen for later use. Two tests were conducted: impregnation of filter paper and treatment of grains. Ten insects were evaluated in each batch. Only the aqueous extract of Dahlia pinnata Cavanilles was satisfactory in controlling S. zeamais showing an efficiency of 10.00% in the contact test and an efficiency of 56% in the treated corn kernels.
Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest ... more Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time. Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serves as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (> 0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest ... more Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time. Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serves as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (> 0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose letal de radiaç^to gama puru ovos de Stenoma care... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose letal de radiaç^to gama puru ovos de Stenoma carenifer. Utilizou-se um irradiador Gammacell-220 (Cot'0), (Tx. Dose: 1.054 kGy/h) paru irradiaçáo dos ovos. As doses foram: 0, 25, 50, 75, 1On, 125 e I50 Gy, 90 ovos/dose (seis repetiçóes). Avaliou-se o número de lagartas edodidas e as sohreviventes foram criadas em sementes de abacate. Os adultos obtidos tixam acasalados com insetos normais, criados em gaiolas revestidas com papel dupla face, contendo alimento (mel a 10%) e um fruto de abacate. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo os dados submetidos á análise de vari^ncia e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P=S^/o). Veriflcou-se a eclosdo de lagartus dos ovos tratados com doses de 0, 25 e 50 Gy. A dose de 50 Gy causou deformaçáo nas lagartas eclodidas. O efeito da radiaçáo gama na viabilidade dos ovos, foi proporcional ao aumento da dose. Adultos provenientes de ovos tratados com 25 Gy apresentaram inviabilidade dos ovos de 92,85 e I00%, para machos e fémeas, respectivamente. Recomenda-se 75 Gy de radiaçáo gama para tratamento quarentenário de frutos de abacate infestados cum ovos de S. catenifer.
Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, Dec 1, 1975
DETERMINATION OF STERILIZING AND LETHAL DOSES FOR PUPAE OF "TriboZium castaneum" (HERBST) The mai... more DETERMINATION OF STERILIZING AND LETHAL DOSES FOR PUPAE OF "TriboZium castaneum" (HERBST) The main objective of this work was to determine sterilizing and lethal doses for pupae of TriboZium castaneum (Herbst). 1-5 days old pupae were submitted to 47.73 krad/hr radiation ra to from a Cobalt source with an activity of approximately 500 Ci. As a result, the pupae irradiated at 46.25 krad did not turn into adults and those erradiated at 15 krad turned into completely sterile adults. INTRODUÇÃO A espécie TriboZium castaneum (Herbst) ë inseto praga que ataca, em nosso meio, todos os tipos de cereais moidos, como farelos, raçoes, farinhas, fubã, grãos quebrados; defeituosos ou os jã atacados por au tras pragas. Alam de cereais, ainda ataca raiz de gengibre, frutas se cas, chocolates, nozes e grãos leguminosos. No Brasil, com clima tropical, a condição ë õtima para o desen volvimento do inseto, tornando-se particularmente prejudicial. Assim, se não se tomar as devidas providências contra o ataque do inseto, que na maioria dos casos, jã vem infestando os mais variados substratos, em poucos meses pode danificar por completo o material. Um dos métodos de controle mais usados é o de aplicar produtos inseticidas. Estes, longe do ideal, deixam resíduos t6xicos nos alimen tos. Desta forma, outros métodos de expurgo eficiente tornam-se úteis e sempre mais aplicãveis. Os efeitos causados pelas radiações ionizantes em insetos foram estudados por vários autores, desde que RUNNER(1916) iniciou seus traba lhos de esterilização por meio de raios X com o bicho do fumo Lasioder ma serricorne (Fabr.). A partir dai, muitos outros trabalhos foram rea lizados, sendo que, a esterilização e a mortalidade receberam uma ateu ção especial. HUQUE (1963) irradiou adultos de R. dominica (Fabr.), T. casta neum (Herbst), S. granarius (L.), T. granarium (Erverts) e obteve 1007 de mortalidade imediatamente após a exposição de uma dose de 250 krad,
This work was carried out to verify the consumption of three lepidopterous eggs, Diatraea sacchar... more This work was carried out to verify the consumption of three lepidopterous eggs, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1819) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (Navas, 1920) (Lepidoptera: Chrysopidae) and its effects on C. paraguaria development. The laboratory conditions were kept at 25 ± 2 oC, 70 ± 10% RU and 14 hours of photofase. Larvae tests showed the following results: larval period was 14.40, 10.40 and 10.50 days and larvae viability 93.33%, 100.00% and 96.60% to larvae feeding on D. saccharalis, S. cerealella and A. kuehniella eggs, being the egg consumption 705,80, 972,10 and 934,24, respectively. The pupal period an pupae viability were 11.90, 13.13 and 12.63 days, and 90.00%, 90.00% and 86.67%, respectively for A. kuehniella, S. cerealella and D. saccharalis. C. paraguaria have had excellent development and viability under different food conditions, showing a great viability for mass rearing programs.
Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, but its productive potential is threat... more Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, but its productive potential is threatened by the presence of stored product pests that compromise quality and quantity. The use of synthetic insecticides and selective pressure make many of these pests increasingly resistant to control. Concern for health and the environment requires the development of less toxic and persistent products for the management of these undesirable organisms. The insecticide activity of aqueous extracts of 15 vegetal species was evaluated to control grain beetles, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in maize stored. The adult insects came from the laboratory at Biological Institute of São Paulo. They were fed with sterilized grains of maize and kept in a room at 25±2°C and 70±% of relative humidity. The plants for the aqueous extracts were crushed in distilled water and the vegetal mass was filtered next. The liquid resulting from the filtering process was stored in plastic containers and frozen for later use. Two tests were conducted: impregnation of filter paper and treatment of grains. Ten insects were evaluated in each batch. Only the aqueous extract of Dahlia pinnata Cavanilles was satisfactory in controlling S. zeamais showing an efficiency of 10.00% in the contact test and an efficiency of 56% in the treated corn kernels.
Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest ... more Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time. Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serves as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (> 0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest ... more Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time. Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serves as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (> 0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose letal de radiaç^to gama puru ovos de Stenoma care... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose letal de radiaç^to gama puru ovos de Stenoma carenifer. Utilizou-se um irradiador Gammacell-220 (Cot'0), (Tx. Dose: 1.054 kGy/h) paru irradiaçáo dos ovos. As doses foram: 0, 25, 50, 75, 1On, 125 e I50 Gy, 90 ovos/dose (seis repetiçóes). Avaliou-se o número de lagartas edodidas e as sohreviventes foram criadas em sementes de abacate. Os adultos obtidos tixam acasalados com insetos normais, criados em gaiolas revestidas com papel dupla face, contendo alimento (mel a 10%) e um fruto de abacate. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo os dados submetidos á análise de vari^ncia e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P=S^/o). Veriflcou-se a eclosdo de lagartus dos ovos tratados com doses de 0, 25 e 50 Gy. A dose de 50 Gy causou deformaçáo nas lagartas eclodidas. O efeito da radiaçáo gama na viabilidade dos ovos, foi proporcional ao aumento da dose. Adultos provenientes de ovos tratados com 25 Gy apresentaram inviabilidade dos ovos de 92,85 e I00%, para machos e fémeas, respectivamente. Recomenda-se 75 Gy de radiaçáo gama para tratamento quarentenário de frutos de abacate infestados cum ovos de S. catenifer.
Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, Dec 1, 1975
DETERMINATION OF STERILIZING AND LETHAL DOSES FOR PUPAE OF "TriboZium castaneum" (HERBST) The mai... more DETERMINATION OF STERILIZING AND LETHAL DOSES FOR PUPAE OF "TriboZium castaneum" (HERBST) The main objective of this work was to determine sterilizing and lethal doses for pupae of TriboZium castaneum (Herbst). 1-5 days old pupae were submitted to 47.73 krad/hr radiation ra to from a Cobalt source with an activity of approximately 500 Ci. As a result, the pupae irradiated at 46.25 krad did not turn into adults and those erradiated at 15 krad turned into completely sterile adults. INTRODUÇÃO A espécie TriboZium castaneum (Herbst) ë inseto praga que ataca, em nosso meio, todos os tipos de cereais moidos, como farelos, raçoes, farinhas, fubã, grãos quebrados; defeituosos ou os jã atacados por au tras pragas. Alam de cereais, ainda ataca raiz de gengibre, frutas se cas, chocolates, nozes e grãos leguminosos. No Brasil, com clima tropical, a condição ë õtima para o desen volvimento do inseto, tornando-se particularmente prejudicial. Assim, se não se tomar as devidas providências contra o ataque do inseto, que na maioria dos casos, jã vem infestando os mais variados substratos, em poucos meses pode danificar por completo o material. Um dos métodos de controle mais usados é o de aplicar produtos inseticidas. Estes, longe do ideal, deixam resíduos t6xicos nos alimen tos. Desta forma, outros métodos de expurgo eficiente tornam-se úteis e sempre mais aplicãveis. Os efeitos causados pelas radiações ionizantes em insetos foram estudados por vários autores, desde que RUNNER(1916) iniciou seus traba lhos de esterilização por meio de raios X com o bicho do fumo Lasioder ma serricorne (Fabr.). A partir dai, muitos outros trabalhos foram rea lizados, sendo que, a esterilização e a mortalidade receberam uma ateu ção especial. HUQUE (1963) irradiou adultos de R. dominica (Fabr.), T. casta neum (Herbst), S. granarius (L.), T. granarium (Erverts) e obteve 1007 de mortalidade imediatamente após a exposição de uma dose de 250 krad,
This work was carried out to verify the consumption of three lepidopterous eggs, Diatraea sacchar... more This work was carried out to verify the consumption of three lepidopterous eggs, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1819) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (Navas, 1920) (Lepidoptera: Chrysopidae) and its effects on C. paraguaria development. The laboratory conditions were kept at 25 ± 2 oC, 70 ± 10% RU and 14 hours of photofase. Larvae tests showed the following results: larval period was 14.40, 10.40 and 10.50 days and larvae viability 93.33%, 100.00% and 96.60% to larvae feeding on D. saccharalis, S. cerealella and A. kuehniella eggs, being the egg consumption 705,80, 972,10 and 934,24, respectively. The pupal period an pupae viability were 11.90, 13.13 and 12.63 days, and 90.00%, 90.00% and 86.67%, respectively for A. kuehniella, S. cerealella and D. saccharalis. C. paraguaria have had excellent development and viability under different food conditions, showing a great viability for mass rearing programs.
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