Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association, 2016
46 이영경•임업 Abstract：The purpose of this study is to analyze the static and dynamic change of wage ... more 46 이영경•임업 Abstract：The purpose of this study is to analyze the static and dynamic change of wage differentials of women with disabilities in the Seoul local labor market. This study attempts to explain the double discrimination mechanism for disabled women and empirically gender discrimination and disability discrimination for them by using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. In addition, using Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition analysis. we analyze the wage differentials caused by the changed characteristics of disabled women and structures of discrimination at the Seoul local labor market. Data from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled and Korean Labor and Income Panel Study for two years (2008, 2012) are used. According to the result, wage differentials of disabled women caused by disability discrimination is approximately 55% of total wage discrimination, whereas 45% is caused by gender discrimination during the period. Both observed and unobserved components move in the same direction to narrow wage differentials due to the disability discrimination and gender discrimination. Also the endowments in the Seoul local labor market about the changes of observed and unobserved components contribute more to narrow gender wage differentials, while these endowments widen disability wage differentials.
This chapter examines changes in the spatial patterns of human capital segregation across neighbo... more This chapter examines changes in the spatial patterns of human capital segregation across neighborhoods in the Seoul metropolitan area during 2000–2010 and investigates the following three questions: (1) to what extent are highly educated individuals segregated from less-educated individuals across neighborhoods, (2) to what extent do highly educated and less-educated individuals live in isolated neighborhoods with individuals of similar educational status, and (3) to what extent can spatial clusters of highly educated or less-educated individuals be isolated across neighborhoods? Four major findings were obtained. First, the number and proportion of people with at least a college education increased markedly over time. Second, according to results of the dissimilarity index and the generalized dissimilarity index, the degree of segregation is highest for the group with more than a college education vis-a-vis the group with less than a high school education. Additionally, it is lowe...
According to the systemic model of community attachment, high residential stability serves as a p... more According to the systemic model of community attachment, high residential stability serves as a precondition on which residents build formal and informal social ties within their communities, ultimately resulting in increased community attachment. However, previous studies have only measured residents’ length of residence in the community to measure residential stability, not considering whether expectations of staying in the community in the future affect residents’ community attachment. This study aims to test if mobility expectation influences residents’ community attachment by employing the logistic multilevel model to analyze 31,159 householders from 31 municipalities in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The results show that residents’ mobility expectation, in addition to the length of residence, is a significant determinant of community attachment after controlling for individual and regional-level covariates. The results provide implications for urban and regional policies aiming to...
This paper investigates the extent to which innovative activity in a metropolitan area is affecte... more This paper investigates the extent to which innovative activity in a metropolitan area is affected by knowledge spillovers in the neighboring metropolitan areas as well as in the metropolitan area itself. The spatial econometric analysis shows that innovative activity in a metropolitan area is positively affected by both specialization and diversity externalities in high technology industries in the metropolitan area, and that there also exist geographic knowledge spillovers across metropolitan boundaries. In addition, this study finds that high technology specialization externalities are more localized than high technology diversity externalities.
This study empirically examines the effect of the employment distribution by firm size on regiona... more This study empirically examines the effect of the employment distribution by firm size on regional employment growth from 2005 to 2013. We measure the employment distribution as the share of employees across five firm size categories that range from micro-sized firms to large firms and using uniform index. Our analysis based on regional-level data from the Census on Establishments and we conduct analysis by using a spatial econometric modeling approach. According to the results, we find that regional employment share in firms which more than five employees are more important in employment growth than employment share in micro-sized firms. We also find that regions which possess more evenness in the firm size distribution secure higher employment growth rate. From a planning perspective, this study represents an additional step in framing policy discussions and identifying ways of thinking about regional economic growth and development.
A question fundamental to sustainable economic growth is whether a poor region tends to grow fast... more A question fundamental to sustainable economic growth is whether a poor region tends to grow faster than a rich one, such that the poor region catches up with the rich region in terms of the level of per capita income. In this article, we apply the spatial panel data approach to the analysis of regional income convergence across 177 economic areas in the contiguous US states over the period from 1969 to 2009. Using data on per capita incomes in the functionally defined economic areas, we find that the absolute value of the estimated coefficient of the initial per capita income decreases in the spatial and time-period fixed effects spatial lag model and increases in the spatial and time-period fixed effects spatial error model. This result implies that the growth rate in a specific economic area will be not only directly affected by an exogenous shock introduced into that economic area but also be impacted more by both the indirect effects of the first-order neighboring economic areas and the induced effects of the higher-order neighboring economic areas. This gives helpful hints on the issue of spatial interaction and regional policy coordination to start a virtuous circle of sustainable economic growth.
This study empirically applies the spatial switching regression method to an analysis of regional... more This study empirically applies the spatial switching regression method to an analysis of regional income club convergence across the 177 economic areas in the contiguous US states over the period from 1969 to 2008. As functionally defined, these economic areas represent the relevant regional markets for labor, products and information. The result of spatial switching regression reveals that the initial gaps between economic areas relative to average global initial per capita income appear to have declined, but the two spatial clubs exhibit a significant difference in their income convergence processes over the period. The estimated coefficient of the convergence parameter for the peripheral spatial regime is negative and highly significant, indicating that a convergence process exists in this spatial regime. However, there is no statistically significant evidence of convergence in the core spatial regime, implying the possibility of different patterns in the growth dynamics of the core spatial regime.
International journal of environmental research and public health, Jun 24, 2017
The goal of this study is to investigate the wage differential between groups of workers who are ... more The goal of this study is to investigate the wage differential between groups of workers who are exposed to heat and those who are not. Workers in the heat-exposure risk group are defined as workers who work in conditions that cause them to spend more than 25% of their work hours at high temperatures. To analyze the wage differential, the Blinder-Oaxaca and Juhn-Murphy-Pierce methods were applied to Korea Working Condition Survey data. The results show that the no heat-exposure risk group received higher wages. In most cases, this can be interpreted as the endowment effect of human capital. As a price effect that lowers the endowment effect, the compensating differential for the heat-exposure risk group was found to be 1%. Moreover, education level, work experience, and employment status counteracted the compensating differentials for heat-exposure risks. A comparison of data sets from 2011 and 2014 shows that the increasing wage gap between the two groups was not caused by systemat...
Although it has been widely accepted that insertion into global production networks may play a cr... more Although it has been widely accepted that insertion into global production networks may play a critical role in fostering local supplier upgrading, scholars have yet to fully incorporate heterogeneous configurations of buyer-supplier relationships within networks into empirical testing. Using a representative sample of manufacturing firms in Thailand, we propose a more nuanced empirical framework that asks which features of buyer-supplier relationships are related to which aspects of local supplier upgrading. Our findings, derived from latent class analysis, show that the ways value chains are governed can exert varying effects on different types of technological upgrading. Being a multinational corporation (MNC) supplier was found to have positive effects on process and minor product upgrading, irrespective of the types of buyer-supplier networks. However, we found a more radical type of upgrading (i.e., the development of own brands) to be negatively related to insertion into 'quasi-hierarchical' or 'buyer-driven relationships', whilst involvement in 'cooperative networks' was associated with a significantly higher tendency of product and brand upgrading. Understanding this inherent relationality provides a crucial balance to previous firm-level findings, suggesting that the sustainability of participation in global value chains depends on the relational structures in which local manufacturers are embedded.
Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association, 2016
46 이영경•임업 Abstract：The purpose of this study is to analyze the static and dynamic change of wage ... more 46 이영경•임업 Abstract：The purpose of this study is to analyze the static and dynamic change of wage differentials of women with disabilities in the Seoul local labor market. This study attempts to explain the double discrimination mechanism for disabled women and empirically gender discrimination and disability discrimination for them by using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis. In addition, using Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition analysis. we analyze the wage differentials caused by the changed characteristics of disabled women and structures of discrimination at the Seoul local labor market. Data from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled and Korean Labor and Income Panel Study for two years (2008, 2012) are used. According to the result, wage differentials of disabled women caused by disability discrimination is approximately 55% of total wage discrimination, whereas 45% is caused by gender discrimination during the period. Both observed and unobserved components move in the same direction to narrow wage differentials due to the disability discrimination and gender discrimination. Also the endowments in the Seoul local labor market about the changes of observed and unobserved components contribute more to narrow gender wage differentials, while these endowments widen disability wage differentials.
This chapter examines changes in the spatial patterns of human capital segregation across neighbo... more This chapter examines changes in the spatial patterns of human capital segregation across neighborhoods in the Seoul metropolitan area during 2000–2010 and investigates the following three questions: (1) to what extent are highly educated individuals segregated from less-educated individuals across neighborhoods, (2) to what extent do highly educated and less-educated individuals live in isolated neighborhoods with individuals of similar educational status, and (3) to what extent can spatial clusters of highly educated or less-educated individuals be isolated across neighborhoods? Four major findings were obtained. First, the number and proportion of people with at least a college education increased markedly over time. Second, according to results of the dissimilarity index and the generalized dissimilarity index, the degree of segregation is highest for the group with more than a college education vis-a-vis the group with less than a high school education. Additionally, it is lowe...
According to the systemic model of community attachment, high residential stability serves as a p... more According to the systemic model of community attachment, high residential stability serves as a precondition on which residents build formal and informal social ties within their communities, ultimately resulting in increased community attachment. However, previous studies have only measured residents’ length of residence in the community to measure residential stability, not considering whether expectations of staying in the community in the future affect residents’ community attachment. This study aims to test if mobility expectation influences residents’ community attachment by employing the logistic multilevel model to analyze 31,159 householders from 31 municipalities in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The results show that residents’ mobility expectation, in addition to the length of residence, is a significant determinant of community attachment after controlling for individual and regional-level covariates. The results provide implications for urban and regional policies aiming to...
This paper investigates the extent to which innovative activity in a metropolitan area is affecte... more This paper investigates the extent to which innovative activity in a metropolitan area is affected by knowledge spillovers in the neighboring metropolitan areas as well as in the metropolitan area itself. The spatial econometric analysis shows that innovative activity in a metropolitan area is positively affected by both specialization and diversity externalities in high technology industries in the metropolitan area, and that there also exist geographic knowledge spillovers across metropolitan boundaries. In addition, this study finds that high technology specialization externalities are more localized than high technology diversity externalities.
This study empirically examines the effect of the employment distribution by firm size on regiona... more This study empirically examines the effect of the employment distribution by firm size on regional employment growth from 2005 to 2013. We measure the employment distribution as the share of employees across five firm size categories that range from micro-sized firms to large firms and using uniform index. Our analysis based on regional-level data from the Census on Establishments and we conduct analysis by using a spatial econometric modeling approach. According to the results, we find that regional employment share in firms which more than five employees are more important in employment growth than employment share in micro-sized firms. We also find that regions which possess more evenness in the firm size distribution secure higher employment growth rate. From a planning perspective, this study represents an additional step in framing policy discussions and identifying ways of thinking about regional economic growth and development.
A question fundamental to sustainable economic growth is whether a poor region tends to grow fast... more A question fundamental to sustainable economic growth is whether a poor region tends to grow faster than a rich one, such that the poor region catches up with the rich region in terms of the level of per capita income. In this article, we apply the spatial panel data approach to the analysis of regional income convergence across 177 economic areas in the contiguous US states over the period from 1969 to 2009. Using data on per capita incomes in the functionally defined economic areas, we find that the absolute value of the estimated coefficient of the initial per capita income decreases in the spatial and time-period fixed effects spatial lag model and increases in the spatial and time-period fixed effects spatial error model. This result implies that the growth rate in a specific economic area will be not only directly affected by an exogenous shock introduced into that economic area but also be impacted more by both the indirect effects of the first-order neighboring economic areas and the induced effects of the higher-order neighboring economic areas. This gives helpful hints on the issue of spatial interaction and regional policy coordination to start a virtuous circle of sustainable economic growth.
This study empirically applies the spatial switching regression method to an analysis of regional... more This study empirically applies the spatial switching regression method to an analysis of regional income club convergence across the 177 economic areas in the contiguous US states over the period from 1969 to 2008. As functionally defined, these economic areas represent the relevant regional markets for labor, products and information. The result of spatial switching regression reveals that the initial gaps between economic areas relative to average global initial per capita income appear to have declined, but the two spatial clubs exhibit a significant difference in their income convergence processes over the period. The estimated coefficient of the convergence parameter for the peripheral spatial regime is negative and highly significant, indicating that a convergence process exists in this spatial regime. However, there is no statistically significant evidence of convergence in the core spatial regime, implying the possibility of different patterns in the growth dynamics of the core spatial regime.
International journal of environmental research and public health, Jun 24, 2017
The goal of this study is to investigate the wage differential between groups of workers who are ... more The goal of this study is to investigate the wage differential between groups of workers who are exposed to heat and those who are not. Workers in the heat-exposure risk group are defined as workers who work in conditions that cause them to spend more than 25% of their work hours at high temperatures. To analyze the wage differential, the Blinder-Oaxaca and Juhn-Murphy-Pierce methods were applied to Korea Working Condition Survey data. The results show that the no heat-exposure risk group received higher wages. In most cases, this can be interpreted as the endowment effect of human capital. As a price effect that lowers the endowment effect, the compensating differential for the heat-exposure risk group was found to be 1%. Moreover, education level, work experience, and employment status counteracted the compensating differentials for heat-exposure risks. A comparison of data sets from 2011 and 2014 shows that the increasing wage gap between the two groups was not caused by systemat...
Although it has been widely accepted that insertion into global production networks may play a cr... more Although it has been widely accepted that insertion into global production networks may play a critical role in fostering local supplier upgrading, scholars have yet to fully incorporate heterogeneous configurations of buyer-supplier relationships within networks into empirical testing. Using a representative sample of manufacturing firms in Thailand, we propose a more nuanced empirical framework that asks which features of buyer-supplier relationships are related to which aspects of local supplier upgrading. Our findings, derived from latent class analysis, show that the ways value chains are governed can exert varying effects on different types of technological upgrading. Being a multinational corporation (MNC) supplier was found to have positive effects on process and minor product upgrading, irrespective of the types of buyer-supplier networks. However, we found a more radical type of upgrading (i.e., the development of own brands) to be negatively related to insertion into 'quasi-hierarchical' or 'buyer-driven relationships', whilst involvement in 'cooperative networks' was associated with a significantly higher tendency of product and brand upgrading. Understanding this inherent relationality provides a crucial balance to previous firm-level findings, suggesting that the sustainability of participation in global value chains depends on the relational structures in which local manufacturers are embedded.
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