Papers by Umar Musa Hassan
American Journal of Islam and Society, 1988
It is customary among the Muslims in this nation to criticize abstractlythose who have accepted t... more It is customary among the Muslims in this nation to criticize abstractlythose who have accepted the burden of da’wu and the program they implement.The most vocal opposition, and the most unreasonable and, therefore,destructive, comes from other Muslims who have not themselves consistentlyput forth the effort required of those involved in du’wu. There is in this nationa tradition of catcalls from the sidelines of any struggle. We have a historiclove of castigating moving targets as we sit on our doffs. This nation is aplace where the concept of fan (derivative of fanatic) has grown to meannon-participative critic. I know that this is the case because I have been themoving target of this criticism and, at other times, the critic who sits.This is why your request that I read and critique ZsZamimtion of Knowledge:General Principles and Work Plan published by the International Instituteof Islamic Thought has made me somewhat uneasy. What would validatemy criticism? The fact that for near...
Journal of Chemical Engineering, May 14, 2021
This study aimed at optimizing the soxhlet extraction process for baobab (adansonia digitata) oil... more This study aimed at optimizing the soxhlet extraction process for baobab (adansonia digitata) oil extraction from its seeds kernel. Normal hexane, petroleum ether, and ethanol were considered as the extraction solvents at 60, 65, and 70 o C extraction temperature while retaining the experiment to 80, 100, and 120minutes. In each case, the effect of the three extraction parameters on the performance characteristics was established to achieve the maximum percentage oil yield and minimum percentage free fatty acid. The optimum extraction conditions were attained using grey relational analysis (GRA) of Taguchi's method after 120 min with n-hexane at 70 o C. The optimized performance parameters are 25.34% oil yield and 2.086% free fatty acid. The study on the effect of each extraction parameters showed that the solvent type has the highest level of influence of 55% followed by extraction time 36% and the extraction temperature of 9%. The results also showed that the method could be used for mass extraction and onward biodiesel production.
The effect of mechanical vibration during the solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si (Al-20% wt Si... more The effect of mechanical vibration during the solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si (Al-20% wt Si) alloy on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The specimen with a specification of 25 mm in diameter and 65 mm long were solidified in the frequency range of 0 to 6.3 Hz so as to examine the effect of the vibration on the grain structure, tensile strength, hardness value and impact energy. In comparison with the grains formed in the as-cast state without vibration, the morphology of the grains changes from predominantly dendritic to a more globular structure as the intensity of vibration increases. The test result shows that there is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the samples within the frequency threshold of 1.5 and 4.2 Hz.
A B ST R A C T This study empirically examines the commitment factors contributing to employee sh... more A B ST R A C T This study empirically examines the commitment factors contributing to employee share in Higher Education Institutes of Khyber Pakhtonkhuwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. In total 200 questioners are distributed out of which 133 are returned in completed form with a percentage of 66.5%. A multiple regression analysis is performed; Employee Commitment is taken as the Dependent variable while Top Management Behavior, Compensation & Benefits, Career Development Opportunities and Working Conditions are the independent variables of this study. The results of this study confirm that employee’s commitment is significantly associated with their independent factors. The results of the study are valuable to both academics and policy makers.
The word pendulum is derived from the Latin word pendulus, which means hanging. One of the earlie... more The word pendulum is derived from the Latin word pendulus, which means hanging. One of the earliest man-made, purposeful pendulums was a seismometer designed by the Chinese scientist Zhang Heng. In 1602, Galileo discovered pendulum isochronism after gazing at a swinging lamp in the cathedral of Pisa’s domed ceiling. Isochronism is an important characteristic of physical objects which states that a pendulum does not change its period, even if the amplitude changes. This behavior solely depends on the pendulum’s length and the strength of gravity. In 1666, Robert Hooke studied the conical pendulum and used this device to analyze the orbital motions of planets.
The Smart Physics lab has been designed to introduce the students to new methods of data collecti... more The Smart Physics lab has been designed to introduce the students to new methods of data collection using commonly available consumer devices. This primer is meant as a general introduction to the experiments in the Smart Physics Lab in which video tracking is used to study several principles of physics. The aim is to explain the general methodology of conducting experiments with video tracking and extracting data for numerical analysis. For specific experiments, one may refer to the individual experiment manuals that are uploaded on our website.
A Thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in partial fulfillm... more A Thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of M.Sc. Civil Engineering Highway Materials. Department of Civil Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. May 1992
Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to patient safety. Methicillin and... more Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to patient safety. Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are important multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). Timely reporting of MDROs is necessary for rational antibiotic prescription and in combating AMR. We present the prevalence and distribution of Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant (iCR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Gombe Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 260 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG). Isolates identification was done using conventional biochemical methods. Methicillin resistance was detected by cefoxitin disc diffusion method while iCR isolates by erythromycin and clindamycin disc approximation test (D-test). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 178 (68.5%)...
Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences), 2019
Comparative determinations of nickel, lead and iron contents in roadside soil samples of Bauchi, ... more Comparative determinations of nickel, lead and iron contents in roadside soil samples of Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The concentrations of nickel, lead and iron investigated ranged from 0.33-0.67, 6.67-28.33 and 7,740.00-14,106.67 mgkg-1 respectively. Soil samples from Bauchi-Gombe road were found to contain the highest concentrations of lead (28.33 mgkg-1) and iron (14,106.67 mgkg-1) respectively, whilst soil samples from Bauchi-Maiduguri road were found to contain highest concentration of nickel (0.67 mgkg-1). The differences in the concentrations of lead and iron in all the road networks investigated were found to be significantly different (p iU 0.05), whereas the differences in the concentrations of nickel in all the studied road networks were found not to be statistically different (p iU 0.05) as determined by Single Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The Tukey Pair-wise Difference (p iU 0.05) further corroborated that significant differences occur in the respective concentrations of lead and iron in all the road networks of Bauchi. The studies further revealed that the highest concentrations of the metals in each case are within the maximum permissible limits set by World Health Organization, which indicates that the soil samples from the road networks have not reached maximum pollution mark and hence, does not presently pose any threat to the inhabitants.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021
Abstract The purpose of this study is to ascertain the range of activities undertaken by universi... more Abstract The purpose of this study is to ascertain the range of activities undertaken by universities for their social responsibility initiatives and how these activities make an impact on the stakeholders. A systematic literature review is conducted from eleven databases. A search for the term “university social responsibility” came up with results that pertain to specific social responsibility initiatives in higher education institutions. The articles were further screened to filter the relevant literature that refers to the application of social responsibility initiatives in different contexts and their outcomes. The findings show that it is imperative for the universities to integrate social responsibility initiatives in their administrative policies and management procedures for meaningful impact. Stakeholder involvement in the process is mandatory for a long-term approach and meaningful transformation of social issues. Universities across the globe need to undertake social responsibility as an integral process of the organization and mould their activities of teaching education and training accordingly. This research indicates the practical approaches that can be undertaken by universities to legitimize their social responsibility initiatives in the eyes of stakeholders. It also sheds light on the fact that the social responsibility of universities differs in nature from corporate social responsibility since the nature of institutional operations and objectives are inherently different from business organizations. The search was conducted for only articles published in the English language. Relevant research from other sources can be acquired to develop a deeper understanding of the concept using a multitude of terms that will help in increasing the scope of research.
Mathematical Modelling and Applications, 2020
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, in five different fruit samples of orange, mango, waterme... more Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, in five different fruit samples of orange, mango, watermelon, pawpaw and pineapple were determined with the view of developing suitable mathematical models for subsequent estimation of the vitamin in the fruits after several days of storage at temperatures of 4 and 29 (±1°C) respectively prior to consumption. The iodometric titration was used to evaluate the vitamin C content of the fruit samples alongside their pH values. Measurements were done on the 1 st , 4 th , 8 th , 12 th and 15 th day of storage. The results obtained were then fed into a Minitab 18 Statistical Computer programme for model development. The developed model was quadratic in nature and was of the form y=c±at±bt 2. For the orange sample, the model at 29°C was Vit. C=15.48-0.2814 t-0.0042 t 2 , while at 4°C, the model was Vit. C=15.34-0.135 t-0.0099 t 2. Other models were; mango: Vit. C=8.
Nankai Business Review International, 2021
Purpose The purpose of this study is to add a reliable factor that can contribute theoretically a... more Purpose The purpose of this study is to add a reliable factor that can contribute theoretically and methodologically to explain prosocial and proself behaviors. The study also signifies that green advertising approaches enable the consumer to develop an intention for green purchases. The basic idea is to investigate consumer social orientations and align them with green advertising initiatives to elicit the desired response as green purchase to manifest environmentally conscious behavior. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on data collection through questionnaires. Data is analyzed through structural equation modeling to assess the relationship of constructs. Findings The results of the study are empirically drawn through the measurement of relationships among consumer skepticism and the effectiveness of green advertising initiatives. Mediation of proself and prosocial orientation exists for public self-awareness but does not exist for benefit distance. Cons...
Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2021
The coronavirus disease emerged at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, China, and ultimately resulted in ... more The coronavirus disease emerged at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, China, and ultimately resulted in pandemic. It is a single positive-sense RNA virus spreading from person to person through contact in any form. Bats are the natural hosts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 has the largest genome as compared to all RNA virus present so far. Spike proteins are responsible for their entrance into the human body. Social distancing and quarantine resulted in the best possible prevention for the less transmission of coronavirus. We performed a narrative review to describe its origin, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, social implications, future possibilities, treatment, and vaccination.
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 2020
This work aimed at evaluating the thermal storage capacities of granite grits, laterite rock, san... more This work aimed at evaluating the thermal storage capacities of granite grits, laterite rock, sand, laterite, and Clay for solar drying applications. The sample materials were ground and sieved through 0.425mm British Standard sieve. The thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, bulk density and melting point of the materials were determined. The results showed that Clay displayed better potentiality as thermal storage material with the highest thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of 2.16 W/m oC and 1.398 kJ/kg K respectively. Laterite was observed to be the least with 1.07 W/moC, and 0.499 kJ/kg K respectively. The Sand was observed to have higher bulk density compared with other sample materials while Laterite exhibited the lowest. The analysis of the result indicates that clay could be used as material for thermal energy storage facility in solar drying applications.
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020
Microorganisms are of primary importance for soil quality and natural productivity. Four land use... more Microorganisms are of primary importance for soil quality and natural productivity. Four land use systems viz., Forestry, Horticulture, Agriculture and Pasture at four different locations viz., Bajoga, Gombe, Boderi and Kanawa were identified in determining population of microorganisms in the soil. The samples were collected, numbered and labelled with date and site of collection in an airtight pre-sterilized polyethene bags before transportation to the laboratory. Serial dilution pour plate technique was used for estimation of total bacterial, fungal, actnomycetes and azotobacter using specific media. The plates were incubated at temperatures specific to particular microbe for 2-3 days. The colonies that developed on media were counted by electronic colony counter. The microbial counts were expressed as colony forming unit per gram of soil (CFU/g soil). The highest bacterial count (CFU/g) was found in forest land use with the mean value (192.66) and the lowest (41.33) was found in agricultural land use system. The highest total fungal count (CFU/g) was recorded in forest land use with the mean value (77.33) and the lowest (10.33) was found in agricultural land use system. The highest total viable actinomycetes count (CFU/g) was recorded in forest land use with the mean value (62) and the lowest (3) was found in agricultural land use system as compared to other soils in the study area. The perusal of data reveals that for the total azotobacter count (CFU/g), the highest was recorded in forest soils because of the presence of more organic matter with mean value (22.66) as compared with the other land use systems. The lowest was found in agriculture (4.33). Lowest microbial count in agricultural soils may result to poor soil quality and natural productivity which may lead to famine a natural disaster. Planting of cover crops will improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility and sustain or increase soil organic matter and soil biological activity.
International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects (if any) of Azadirachta Indica (... more This experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects (if any) of Azadirachta Indica (neem) and Khaya Senegalensis L (Mahogany) tree litter on soil under the tree canopy for growth of maize and to determine the best tree species to use based on integrated farming system for crop production. Pots filled 2.5kg soil collected Under the two tree species and the sample from open space from a similar farm were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replication. Four seed of Maize cultivars (Oba98 & Oba super) were planted in the pots. The maize seeds germinated after five days and were thin to one per pot, adequate irrigation maintained to moist throughout the experimental period and compound fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) corresponding to 200kg/ha-1 were applied (2weeks after days of sowing). The result revealed that Maize cultivars are grown on soil collected from under the canopy of the two tree species and fertilized NPK corresponding to 200kg/ha-1 substantially improved the plant height, leaf length and shoot and root dry weights than soil collected from the under tree species unfertilized and sandy-loam soil fertilized.
The International Annals of Medicine, 2018
Background: Biopsy is a surgical procedure to obtain tissue of living organism for its histopatho... more Background: Biopsy is a surgical procedure to obtain tissue of living organism for its histopathological examination, usually to have a diagnosis of early disease progression. Broadly Biopsy can be classified as incisional or excisional biopsy. Depending on the topography involved, the biopsy can be obtained from the oral mucosa in its different locations, the salivary glands, bone, lymph nodes, and other head and neck tissues. Major cause for a biopsy is histopathological confirmation of suspected benign or malignant lesions, non-healing ulcers and major bony lesions after radiographical and clinical investigations. In South Asia biopsy is still gold standard for suspected lesions especially cancers. Objective: Our study's objective was to evaluate the most frequent oral biopsy technique employed at the dental section, of Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted using previously recorded data about biopsy technique employed in dental section, having sample size of 644.Using SPSS ver 21.0, Chi-square goodness of fit test was apply to determine proportion difference among different biopsy techniques and chi-square test of association was applied to see proportion differences among male and female. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Incisional biopsy at 55% was the frequent technique employed, with male predominant than excision and punch biopsy techniques. Conclusion: This was a preliminary data on oral biopsy techniques, further related research on a larger population size or multicenter study data would enhance most viable technique employed for oral biopsies in local population.
Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics, 2019
Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate survival probability of cholera patients who were u... more Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate survival probability of cholera patients who were under follow-up and identify significant risk factors for mortality. Methodology: In this research, we present the basic concepts, nonparametric methods (the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test) and parametric method. Parametric AFT models (Exponential, Weibull, Lognormal and Log logistic) were compared using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC). Results: Recorded data of 513 patients were obtained from UNICEF Cholera Hospital for Internally Displaced Persons Camps within Maiduguri, Borno State. Non-Parametric and Parametric approach were used to estimate the survival probability of the patients and examine the association between the survival times with different risk factors. The analysis shows that some factors significantly contribute to longer survival time of cholera patients. These factors include being a female, age less than twenty, being vaccinated before the infection and...
Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences), 2019
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Papers by Umar Musa Hassan