Papers by Umar Faruq mohammed
There are concerns over inadequate supply of electricity to the local populace of Nigeria. Consta... more There are concerns over inadequate supply of electricity to the local populace of Nigeria. Constantly increasing population has led to a wider gap between supply and demand of energy, leading to the privatisation of the power sector. Fluctuating fossil fuel prices has further increased the need to assess the available renewable energy (RE) resources. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is generally accepted to be a RE resource with wide availability, however, it has not been harnessed in Nigeria. This work will present an economic evaluation of the feasibility of investing in biogas-toelectricity projects that can process MSW generated in Maiduguri and its environments, thereby improving the supply of electricity within the city. The assessment will be carried out for energy generation by a biochemical process (Anaerobic Digestion) based on Primary and secondary data. It will also incorporate all the plants’ output (digestate, recyclables, electricity and heat) as co-products which can be m...
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2020
Macro invertebrates composition and physico-chemical characteristics of Garin Garba Stream Tumu, ... more Macro invertebrates composition and physico-chemical characteristics of Garin Garba Stream Tumu, Gombe, Nigeria was investigated between April and June, 2019. Physical and chemical characteristics includes temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity, turbidity, depth and width and macro invertebrates were sampled fortnightly for a period of three months. It was recorded that physico-chemical characteristics of the four sampling stations shows no variation in all the sampling stations. Shannon Weiner index was employed to determine the abundance of macro invertebrates in each sampling station. The results showed a total of 68 individual organisms of Macro invertebrates in 5 family among the four invertebrates taxa of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata and Mollusca. The taxa abundance of Garin Garba Stream arranged in lessening trend as Mollusca > Odonata > Coleoptera >Hemiptera with percentage composition of invertebrates values 45.59%, 38.23%, 8.82%, and 7.52% respectively. The Shannon Weiner diversity index for the four sampling stations of A, B, C and D were 1.5, 1.11, 1.03 and 1.54 respectively. The Macro invertebrates abundance and distribution observed in this study showed Garin Garba Stream can support and sustain various organisms.
Sahel Medical Journal, 2018
The New phytologist, Jan 24, 2018
Much of humanity relies on rice (Oryza sativa) as a food source, but cultivation is water intensi... more Much of humanity relies on rice (Oryza sativa) as a food source, but cultivation is water intensive and the crop is vulnerable to drought and high temperatures. Under climate change, periods of reduced water availability and high temperature are expected to become more frequent, leading to detrimental effects on rice yields. We engineered the high-yielding rice cultivar 'IR64' to produce fewer stomata by manipulating the level of a developmental signal. We overexpressed the rice epidermal patterning factor OsEPF1, creating plants with substantially reduced stomatal density and correspondingly low stomatal conductance. Low stomatal density rice lines were more able to conserve water, using c. 60% of the normal amount between weeks 4 and 5 post germination. When grown at elevated atmospheric CO , rice plants with low stomatal density were able to maintain their stomatal conductance and survive drought and high temperature (40°C) for longer than control plants. Low stomatal den...
International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, 2017
The study employs asymmetric causality to reinvestigate international capital mobility. We simula... more The study employs asymmetric causality to reinvestigate international capital mobility. We simulate critical values based on the leverage bootstrapping and asymmetric causality test. The result reveals that positive shocks in exchange rate causes positive shocks in interest rate in Malaysia. This leads to increase capital inflow into Malaysia. The result further indicates that an increase in exchange rate in Malaysia, Nigeria and South Africa during bad time lowers their capital inflow due to low rate of return to the foreign investors. Furthermore, a decrease in the domestic interest rate in Nigeria influences an increase in the exchange rate during the bad time. This causes fall in the demand for domestic currency from foreigners. The policy implication is that Malaysian policymakers can control capital outflow and encourage inflow during both good and bad times. However, the monetary authorities in Nigeria and South Africa can only control the nations' capital mobility during bad time.
Journal of Clinical Sciences, 2017
Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue that commonly p... more Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue that commonly presents as a painless enlarging mass of the affected site. There are several reported cases of malignant cancers among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, and to the best of our knowledge, there was no previously reported case of LGMS occurring in a known SCD patient in our environment. We report a 16-year- old patient with sickle cell anemia who presented with the left knee swelling that was initially managed as a benign infection, but a later histological examination revealed a diagnosis of LGMS.
The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of a compound of Formula III, ... more The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of a compound of Formula III, and novel processes for preparing escitalopram using the compound of Formula III.
A social networking site is an on-line service that attracts a society of subscribers and provide... more A social networking site is an on-line service that attracts a society of subscribers and provides such users with a multiplicity of tools for distribution personal data and creating subscribersgenerated content directed to a given user's interest and personal life. Operators of online social networks are gradually giving out potentially sensitive information about users and their relationships with advertisers, application developers, and data-mining researchers. Some criminals too uses information gathered through membership profile in social networks to break peoples PINs and passwords. In this paper, we looked at the field structure of membership profiles in ten popular social networking sites. We also analysed how private information can easily be made public in such sites. At the end recommendations and countermeasures were made on how to safe guard subscribers' personal data.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
Weed emergence is among the most important problems in system of rice intensification (SRI) due t... more Weed emergence is among the most important problems in system of rice intensification (SRI) due to extensive planting geometry of at least 25 × 25 cm and moist environment, thereby leading to water loss by means of evaporation from the broad space as a result of the extensive planting geometry, and transpiration by the weeds. This reduces the additional water saving which affect the potential of SRI water productivity. It also reduces rice crop yields up to 70% if there is no weed control attempted. Nowadays, weed is being controlled by manual weeder which is labour demanding, while motorized weeders overcome the problem but still, it able to remove the weeds before rice canopy closure or 30 days after transplanting (DAT). This research was designed to evaluate the performance of UMAR-SRImat on soil moisture conservation and weed control. UMAR-SRImat was made using flaked rice straw and biodegradable adhesive. The design was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) wi...
IET 4th European Conference on Visual Media Production (CVMP 2007), 2007
Our goal is to generate novel photo-realistic images of a given object class (eg faces, trees) us... more Our goal is to generate novel photo-realistic images of a given object class (eg faces, trees) using a model trained from example images. To achieve this, we treat training images as samples from a texture with spatially varying statistics and synthesize using a modification of the patch-...
American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2015
Wound infections inflict clinical and societal consequences on the patients, but its bacteriologi... more Wound infections inflict clinical and societal consequences on the patients, but its bacteriological characteristic varies with different factors. Therefore, effective treatment and management of wound infections in hospital and community setting will require detailed epidemiological knowledge of the infecting bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram peculiar to the environment. Based on this information, we examined the prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infection cases seen at the hospital over the study period. A total of 392 wound swabs/ and pus of different types of wound infections from different anatomical sites and associated clinical conditions were analyzed by standard bacteriological methods. Of the 392 clinical specimens analyzed, 301(76.8%) yielded at least one bacterial pathogen, 25(6.4%) polymicrobial, no anaerobes identified and 91(23.2%) yielded no bacterial growth, gender distribution, 204(67.8%) males and 97(32.2%) females, and majority of pathogens were recovered from septic wound infections. Overall, 7 different bacterial pathogens were identified 5(71.4%) gram-negative bacteria isolates and 2(28.6%) gram-positive bacterial isolates]. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for majority of the bacterial pathogens isolated, 162(53%) followed by coliforms 62(21%) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa 57(19%). The bacterial pathogens demonstrated high resistance to ampicillin(78%), amoxicillin(66%), and cotrimoxazole(78%), in contrast to high sensitivity pattern observed with fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin 83%,, norfloxacin 71%, ciprofloxacin 78%), erythromycin 72%, chloramphenicol 62%, gentamycin 58% and ceftazidime 60%. The relatively high number of wound infection cases seen within the study period is of public health concern, while the low number of bacterial pathogens isolated underscores the need for improvement in the laboratory diagnostic approach for effective treatment and management of wound infections.
Paddy and Water Environment, 2015
System of rice intensification (SRI) makes the yield of rice to significantly increase in additio... more System of rice intensification (SRI) makes the yield of rice to significantly increase in addition to water productivity, which in turn will have a positive effect to the farmers as well as the country at large. However, weeds growth is one of the main constraints of SRI due to wider planting pattern (25 × 25 cm or more) and alternate wetting and drying, thereby reducing rice crop yields if weed control is not attempted. Presently, manual weeder is being used which is labour intensive, while motorized weeder reduces the labour but currently, it cannot be able to remove the weeds up to rice canopy closure as recommended in SRI farming. This research was designed to evaluate the influence of two mulches (rice straw mat [SRImat] and commercialized black plastic) on controlling of weed growth, soil moisture and determining of seedling performance. Significant differences in weed density, weed dry weight, weed control efficiency (WCE), weed ratio (WR), number of tillers per hill and volumetric moisture content were observed, between the unmulched treatment (control) and mulched treatments. The dominant weed class associated with SRI was sedges, due to higher summed dominance ratio followed by grasses and broadleaves, respectively. The effectiveness of SRImat mulched on weed control was 98.5 % (WCE) and 0.01 (WR).The research revealed the possibility of SRImat mulch in controlling weeds up to rice canopy closure or 40 DAT as recommended in SRI, retaining of soil moisture and more number of tillers in SRI farming.
West African journal of medicine
Carcinoid tumours are uncommon neuroendocrine neoplasms that may be found anywhere in the body bu... more Carcinoid tumours are uncommon neuroendocrine neoplasms that may be found anywhere in the body but are most commonly seen in the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts and usually follow an indolent course. However, some tumours particularly the larger ones may metastasize to liver or regional lymph nodes. This study described the histological types of carcinoid tumors seen in a tertiary institution in Northern Nigeria. This is a retrospective study in which surgical biopsy specimens seen over a 10-year period were reviewed with respect to age, sex, site and histological type. Five cases consisting of 1 endoscopic, 1 wedge, 3 hemicolectomy specimens were studied. There was a slight female preponderance with a female to male ratio of 1.5:1. The peak age of occurrence was the 6th decade of life (mean age was 36.4 years). Two cases were located in the large colon and a case each in the stomach, lymph node, and tongue. Three cases show trabecular pattern, while 2 cases were mixed patt...
Case Reports, 2009
Human infection by Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a zoonotic liver fluke, is uncommon and soft tissue ... more Human infection by Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a zoonotic liver fluke, is uncommon and soft tissue manifestation is extremely rare. The infection has no specific clinical signs or symptoms and diagnosis may be missed completely, thus treatment may be delayed. Diagnosis in humans is by identification of the eggs in the stool, while a living or dead fluke is rarely seen. The present report concerns the case of a 7-year-old child who presented with recurrent right flank subcutaneous nodules containing a live fluke on excision, and tissue histology showed characteristic brown operculated ova of D dendriticum. This is the first extraintestinal soft tissue presentation in such a setting. It is important to know the life cycle and natural habitat of this rare human parasite in order to make a correct diagnosis and institute early treatment in patients who have become infected.
Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2014
Weeds infestation is one of the major constrains of SRI due to wide planting geometry and moist e... more Weeds infestation is one of the major constrains of SRI due to wide planting geometry and moist environment, thereby reducing rice yield up to 69.15%. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of two mulching materials (rice straw SRImats and plastic) on management of weed infestation, and determining of seedling behaviour. The parameters used for the analysis of weeds were density, relative density, dry weight, relative dry weight, summed dominance ratio and control efficiency. The results revealed that weed density was significantly reduced with range from control plot (1950.67 No.) to the rice straw SRImats plot (33.00 No.).
Annals of Nigerian Medicine, 2014
Background: Adipose tumors are the most common soft tissue tumors in humans. The reported inciden... more Background: Adipose tumors are the most common soft tissue tumors in humans. The reported incidence of lipoma is probably less than the actual incidence because of its insidious growth pattern and minimal associated symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study is to document the pattern of these tumors in a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study of all diagnosed adipose tissue tumor over a 10-year period (January 2002 to December 2011), in the Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. Tissue biopsies fixed in 10% formalin and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin were studied. Biodata and sites of involvement were retrieved from patients′ requisition cards. Results: Four hundred and three adipose tissue tumors were diagnosed during this period. Three hundred and ninety-five (98.0%) of the tumors were benign, while 8 (2.0%) were malignant. The male to female distribution was 197 and 206, respectively. Patients ages ranged from 3 months to 75 years with a peak age distribution in the fifth decade (23.6%). The most common site of involvement was the trunk (38.0%), followed by the head and neck region (21.3%) and lower limbs (17.4%). Conventional lipoma was the most common benign tumor, accounting for 328 cases (81.4%), while myxoid liposarcoma was the most common malignant tumor with 4 cases (1.0%). Conclusion: Adipose tissue tumors are not uncommon in our setting and accounted for 6.0% of all tumors seen within the study period. There is a slight female preponderance and the trunk is the most common site of involvement. Benign tumors formed the bulk of lesions recorded.
Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine, 2014
ABSTRACT Background: The true incidence rate of appendicitis in Nigeria and the magnitude of appe... more ABSTRACT Background: The true incidence rate of appendicitis in Nigeria and the magnitude of appendicular fecaliths as a specific causal factor in appendicitis are unknown. Materials and Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic study was conducted using the medical database of the Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital, Zaria, northern Nigeria for the decade from 2001 to 2010. The National Population Census in Nigeria 2006 was used to estimate the standardized annual incidence of appendicitis in the locality. Pathologically confirmed specimens of appendicitis were analyzed against demographic data of the patient. Results: During the decade, there were a total of 382 cases with intraoperative diagnosis of appendicitis of which the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in 373 cases. With a local population whose disease or specimens would most probably end up in this hospital pathology department estimated at 1,423,469 the standardized incidence rate of appendicitis was 2.6 per 100,000 per annum. In 354 (93%) out of the 382 specimens, fecaliths were identified and thought to be causally related to the disease in the individual case. Conclusion: Appendicitis is very uncommon in northern Nigeria and when it occurs, it is almost always caused by fecaliths.
2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision, 2009
Unsupervised over-segmentation of an image into superpixels is a common preprocessing step for im... more Unsupervised over-segmentation of an image into superpixels is a common preprocessing step for image parsing algorithms. Superpixels are used as both regions of support for feature vectors and as a starting point for the final segmentation. In this paper we investigate incorporating a priori information into superpixel segmentations. We learn a probabilistic model that describes the spatial density of the object boundaries in the image. We then describe an over-segmentation algorithm that partitions this density roughly equally between superpixels whilst still attempting to capture local object boundaries. We demonstrate this approach using road scenes where objects in the center of the image tend to be more distant and smaller than those at the edge. We show that our algorithm successfully learns this foveated spatial distribution and can exploit this knowledge to improve the segmentation. Lastly, we introduce a new metric for evaluating vision labeling problems. We measure performance on a challenging real-world dataset and illustrate the limitations of conventional evaluation metrics.
International Journal of Business and Management, 2009
The management of culture has become increasingly important to many organisations and business di... more The management of culture has become increasingly important to many organisations and business disciplines, particularly multicultural and international project management. Cultural differences often result in varying degrees of conflict and require careful consideration. This study surveys 116 Project Managers using the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument to determine their approach toward managing conflict. Indian, French and UK Project Managers' conflict management style are correlated with Hofstede's description of their cultural characteristics. We find that significant links between the cultural dimensions of Individualism and Masculinity with the propensity for Project Managers to adopt a Competitive style of conflict management. We also find Uncertainty Avoidance correlates with a tendency for Project Managers to adopt an Avoiding approach to conflict management. Other relationships are found between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and conflict management styles in Project Managers but their meaning requires further study.
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Papers by Umar Faruq mohammed