The current research is a critical study of the play Iranian Nights (1989) and it has been tried ... more The current research is a critical study of the play Iranian Nights (1989) and it has been tried to explain how certain religious fanatics use religion as their weapon to safeguard their interests. Perspectives of different prominent thinkers like Hughes (2015), Shulman (2016), Schultz (2016), and Black (2015), regarding spiritual abuse, religious intolerance, extremism, and sectarianism, etc. provided the necessary conceptual framework for the research in hand. The data was analyzed keeping in view the parameters of narrative analysis which enabled the researchers to interpret meanings beyond the textual fabrication of narration. It was concluded that spiritual abuse was the result of the narrowmindedness and intolerant behavior of the religious fanatics in the shape of Caliphs, Mullahs, and Kazis. These characters manipulated religious ideals and defamed the religion of Islam in the name of reformation.
Distinct DNA methylation patterns have recently been observed to precede type 1 diabetes in whole... more Distinct DNA methylation patterns have recently been observed to precede type 1 diabetes in whole blood collected from young children. Our aim was to determine, whether perinatal DNA methylation could be associated with later progression to type 1 diabetes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis was performed on umbilical cord blood samples collected within the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study. Children later diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and/or testing positive for multiple islet autoantibodies (N=43) were compared to control individuals (N=79), who remained autoantibody-negative throughout the DIPP follow-up until 15 years of age. Potential confounding factors related to the pregnancy and the mother were included in the analysis. No differences in the cord blood methylation patterns were observed between these cases and controls.
We propose to develop a Vernier effect digital sensor from three fiber Bragg gratings. A sensing ... more We propose to develop a Vernier effect digital sensor from three fiber Bragg gratings. A sensing head in the form of a single mode tapered fiber is placed in one of the cavity. We show, via simulations, that our digital sensor has the detection limit of 3 × 10-6 RIU which is almost three times of what was previously proposed with cascaded ring resonators.
Abstract: The Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics are no doubt replacing the human jobs but... more Abstract: The Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics are no doubt replacing the human jobs but in no way going to usher the world into any economic recession. As a matter of fact, demand of new jobs relating to designing, developing, production, and maintenance of AI machines will be generated. It is widely believed that by the year 2030 Artificial Intelligence/ Robots emotionally intelligent agents capable of doing complex tasks intimately familiar with human moods will be replacing the human beings not only in most of the industrial setups but day to day tasks as well. Our almost all home and vehicle devices will get equipped with emotion chips that will sense our feelings and preferences via our voices, tones, and gestures. Robots will be everywhere addressing our empathetic needs even. That would be an Artificial Emotionally Intelligent (AEI) world. The humans spared will be engaged in the designing, developing, and production of the robots. That is a highly skilled job requi...
BackgroundDNA methylation patterns are largely established in-utero and might mediate the impacts... more BackgroundDNA methylation patterns are largely established in-utero and might mediate the impacts of in-utero conditions on later health outcomes. Associations between perinatal DNA methylation marks and pregnancy-related variables, such as maternal age and gestational weight gain, have been earlier studied with methylation microarrays, which typically cover less than 2 % of human CpG sites. To detect such associations outside these regions, we chose the bisulfite sequencing approach.MethodsWe collected and curated all available clinical data on 200 newborn infants; whose umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed with the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) method. A generalized linear mixed effects model was fit for each high coverage CpG site, followed by spatial and multiple testing adjustment of P values to identify differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) associated with clinical variables such as maternal age, mode of delivery, and birth we...
Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clin... more Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in eight genes, of which seven are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been reported to cause the XP. Methods and Results Three large consanguineous families of Pakistani origin displaying typical clinical hallmarks of XP were evaluated at clinical and molecular level. Homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers established linkage of the families to XPC gene on chromosome 3p25.1. Sanger sequencing of the XPC gene identified a novel homozygous single bp deletion [NM_004628.5; c.1934del; p.(Pro645Leufs*5)] and two previously reported mutations that included a nonsense [c.1243 C>T; p.(Arg415*)] and a splice acceptor site (c.2251–1 G>C), all segregating with the disease phenotypes in the families. Conclusion This report has extended the spectrum of mutations in the XPC gene and will also facilitate in diagnosis of X...
Abstract A simple arrangement of wheel-shaped copper microstrip antenna is presented for operatio... more Abstract A simple arrangement of wheel-shaped copper microstrip antenna is presented for operation in the 24 GHz frequency band. In this structure, a coaxial feed probe was utilized to generate vertical polarization, and a wheel-shaped microstrip with four coupling arms was used to produce horizontal polarization. An antenna comprising of two copper sheets assembled between the air-substrate was manufactured and characterized experimentally. The measured and simulated values are in close compliance with each other. A stable in-band omnidirectional radiation patterns were achieved thereby ensuring a proper combination of the field vectors from the feed probe and the radiating arms. The antenna occupied an overall footprint of 8 mm to fruitfully realize −10 dB impedance bandwidth >3 GHz and radiation efficiency of ~100%. In the operating frequency band from 22.5 to 25.7 GHz, axial ratio
The current investigation aims to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aqueous extract of T... more The current investigation aims to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica and to evaluate the in vitro anti-bacterial and in vivo sedative and anelgescic activities of crude extract as well as synthesized AuNPs. Several methods have been reported to synthesize AuNPs; however, most of them were not ecofriendly. In the present study, the green synthesis of AuNPs has been carried out. Using the green synthesis method, AuNPs of T. indica were synthesized at room temperature (25 °C) by mixing 5 mL of HAuCl4 (1 mM) with 1 mL of T. indica seed extract solution. This extract solution was prepared by taking 5 gm dry seeds in 100 mL of double deionized water with continuous stirring for up to 24 h at 80 °C. The stability of AuNPs was confirmed with the help of relevant experimental techniques including ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) showing maximum absorbance at 535–540 nm, Fourier transform infrared showing a broad signal at 3464 cm−1 which can be attributed to either amide or hydroxyl functionalities and atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the biomaterial surrounding AuNPs was agglomerated which proves the formation of discrete nanostructutres. These AuNPs have been evaluated for their antibacterial potential. The results revealed good antibacterial activity of the samples against. Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis with 10–12 mm zone of inhibition range. The AuNPs were also found stable at high temperature, over a range of pH and in 1 mM salt solution. Moreover, the crude extract and respective AuNPs also exhibited interesting sedative and analgesic activities. Hence, we focused on phytochemicals-mediated synthesis of AuNPs considered as greatest attention in the treatment of anti-bacterial, analgesic, and sedative.
Pakistan Journal of Engineering, Technology & Science, 2018
In this study finite difference method (FDM) is used with Dirichlet boundary conditions on rectan... more In this study finite difference method (FDM) is used with Dirichlet boundary conditions on rectangular domain to solve the 2D Laplace equation. The chosen body is elliptical, which is discretized into square grids. The finite difference method is applied for numerical differentiation of the observed example of rectangular domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The obtained numerical results arecompared with analytical solution. The obtained results show the efficiency of the FDM and settled with the obtained exact solution. The study objective is to check the accuracy of FDM for the numerical solutions of elliptical bodies of 2D Laplace equations. The study contributes to find the heat (temperature) distribution inside a regular rectangular elliptical discretized body.
Design of a compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ante... more Design of a compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity is proposed and characterized for off-body communication. The antenna is based on a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole extension of the microstrip line. The orthogonal field components required by CP are induced using a simply modified right/left side ground plane. In particular, a stub extending from the ground plane along the length of the microstrip line generates the vertical component, whereas the current along the width of the ground plane contributes to the horizontal components. To obtain a unidirectional radiation pattern in the off-body direction and to reduce the sensitivity to the human body loading effects, a flat reflector printed on a high permittivity flexible substrate is applied. The simple topology of the antenna can be described by a few adjustable parameters, which facilitates its EM design closure. Prior to the experimental validation in the free space and on the body, the antenna is optimized at the full-wave level of description for all major performance figures. The overall footprint of the antenna radiator is only L s × W s = 0.24 λ 0 × 0.64 λ 0 = 0.15 λ 2 0. The proposed MIMO antenna features |S 11 | ≤ −10 dB, average isolation |S 21 | ≤ −22 dB, and axial ratio (AR) ≤ 3 dB from 5.2 GHz to 6.3 GHz with 100% bandwidth overlap between the impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.004 with the maximum diversity gain (DG) of approximately 9.99 dB. Moreover, the antenna maintains a high efficiency of up to 90% when loaded on the body, and a low specific absorption rate (SAR). INDEX TERMS Circular polarization antennas, MIMO antennas, compact antennas, wideband antennas, simulation-driven design.
Vernier effect systems with more than two reflectors or coupled-ring resonators are highly attrac... more Vernier effect systems with more than two reflectors or coupled-ring resonators are highly attractive for sensing applications, since one can have better control of tailoring their transmission response as compared to traditional single-cavity structures. Here, we propose and provide a prescription for designing a digital Vernier sensor that can be built from three off-the-shelf fiber Bragg gratings. The proposed sensor employs a tapered fiber in one of the cavities as a sensing head and senses changes in the form of discrete (digital) wavelength jumps of resonant modes. We show that the sensitivity, detection limit, and dynamic range of the sensor can be predictably controlled by careful selection of cavity lengths. As an example, we show by simulations that the detection limit of the proposed sensor reaches 10 −6 , which is eight times more than the previously proposed digital sensor based upon coupled-ring resonators.
A novel topologically modified structure of a compact low profile wide-slot antenna for broadband... more A novel topologically modified structure of a compact low profile wide-slot antenna for broadband applications is presented. The antenna comprises a modified E-shaped slot with unequal arm lengths in the ground plane, and a parasitic quasi-rectangular loop placed coplanar with the feedline. For exciting orthogonal modes with equal amplitude, a single-point feeding technique with an asymmetrical geometry of the coplanar waveguide is used to feed the antenna. A multi-stage EM-driven optimization is used to rigorously optimize all the parameters for best impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. The total footprint of the antenna is only 0.71 λ g 2 and a 41% impedance bandwidth along with 33% axial ratio bandwidth has been achieved which covers several WLAN and WiMAX bands.
… Background: The signs and symptoms of pneumonia are often nonspecific and widely vary based on ... more … Background: The signs and symptoms of pneumonia are often nonspecific and widely vary based on the patient's age and the infectious organisms involved. IMNCI has improved case improved diagnose of pneumonia. This study was conducted to study the frequency of correctly diagnosed cases of severe pneumonia by IMNCI classification in children between 2-59 months of age. Study Design: Cross sectional study.
All authors have made substantial contribution to the acquisition of clinical data and its final ... more All authors have made substantial contribution to the acquisition of clinical data and its final presentation. All authors have read& approved the final manuscript and have equal access to the data.
Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture, 2016
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type ... more The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type of ICUs in terms of patient visibility, spatial configurations and nurse walking distance focused on Korean cases. Methods: The measures of static visibility were used to quantify the patient visibility (upper third part of the patient bed) from the nurse station. The measure of space programme and area distribution (patient zone percentage, staff zone percentage, circulation zone percentage, corridor length per bed, distance from nurse station (NS) to patient bed and departmental gross square meter (DGSM) per patient bed) were calculated by using AutoCAD and MS Excel programs. In the second step of analysis the values of space distribution were compared among the three type of ICUs as well as the nurse walking distance, DGSM per bed and gross factor. in the third step of analysis regression analysis was conducted for the possible correlation between visibility and space programme and area distribution factors as well as nurse walking distance factors. Results: (1) It was found that on average composite type unit offer highest value of patient visibility followed by pod type, while single corridor type unit offers the minimum value of patient visibility among the three plan typologies. (2) Average patient visibility and DGSM per bed shows a strong positive correlation (r²=0.75) and p=0.026. (3) Average patient visibility and average distance from NS has a strong negative correlation (r²=0.78), and P=0.02. (4) On average composite type unit offer the minimum walking distance from NS (7.22 meter) followed by pod type unit (8.35 meter) and single corridor (9.76 meter). (5) Maximum distance from NS was noted in single corridor (18.19 meter) followed by pod type unit (15.14 meter) and Composite type unit (11.1 meter). Implications: This study may contribute to the visibility analysis of existing and future ICU design in Korea to achieve maximum patient visibility and reduced nurse walking distance.
Incomplete understanding of mechanisms involved in the hostepathogen interactions constrains our ... more Incomplete understanding of mechanisms involved in the hostepathogen interactions constrains our efforts to eliminate tuberculosis. In many individuals, resulting from immune response to mycobacterial infection organised structures called granulomas are formed. To identify host responses that may control at least the early stages of infection, we employed an in vitro granuloma model. Here, human PBMCs were infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture, and the appearance of granuloma-like structures was monitored over the next several days. Production of cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants was monitored at various times, and the resulting temporal profiles were examined for possible correlations with either granuloma formation, or bacterial growth. While a positive association of TNF-a and IFN-g secretion levels with extent of granuloma formation could clearly be identified, we were, however, unable to detect any statistically significant relationship between any cytokine/chemokine and bacterial growth. Examination of specific host cellular biochemical pathways revealed that either modulation of neutral lipid homeostasis through inhibition of the G i-protein coupled receptor GPR109A, or regulation of host metabolic pathways through addition of vitamin D, provided a more effective means of controlling infection. A subsequent genotypic analysis for a select subset of genes belonging to pathways known to be significant for TB pathology revealed associations of polymorphisms with cytokine secretions and bacterial growth independently. Collectively therefore, the present study supports that key metabolic pathways of the host cell, rather than levels of relevant cytokines/chemokines might be more critical for regulating the intracellular mycobacterial load, in the context of granuloma formation.
To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB pa... more To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Methods: Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study. Different clinical, radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. Results: Between January 2012 and December 2012, a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment, out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases. Of 610 contacts who could be studied, 41 (17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10 (4.2%) had TB. The most common symptoms observed were cough, chest pain and fever. Conclusions: The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.
Uncontrolled Th17 cell activity is associated with cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory disease... more Uncontrolled Th17 cell activity is associated with cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. To validate the potential relevance of mouse models of targeting the Th17 pathway in human diseases we used RNA sequencing to compare the expression of coding and non-coding transcripts during the priming of Th17 cell differentiation in both human and mouse. In addition to already known targets, several transcripts not previously linked to Th17 cell polarization were found in both species. Moreover, a considerable number of human-specific long non-coding RNAs were identified that responded to cytokines stimulating Th17 cell differentiation. We integrated our transcriptomics data with known disease-associated polymorphisms and show that conserved regulation pinpoints genes that are relevant to Th17 cell-mediated human diseases and that can be modelled in mouse. Substantial differences observed in non-coding transcriptomes between the two species as well as increased overlap between Th1...
The current research is a critical study of the play Iranian Nights (1989) and it has been tried ... more The current research is a critical study of the play Iranian Nights (1989) and it has been tried to explain how certain religious fanatics use religion as their weapon to safeguard their interests. Perspectives of different prominent thinkers like Hughes (2015), Shulman (2016), Schultz (2016), and Black (2015), regarding spiritual abuse, religious intolerance, extremism, and sectarianism, etc. provided the necessary conceptual framework for the research in hand. The data was analyzed keeping in view the parameters of narrative analysis which enabled the researchers to interpret meanings beyond the textual fabrication of narration. It was concluded that spiritual abuse was the result of the narrowmindedness and intolerant behavior of the religious fanatics in the shape of Caliphs, Mullahs, and Kazis. These characters manipulated religious ideals and defamed the religion of Islam in the name of reformation.
Distinct DNA methylation patterns have recently been observed to precede type 1 diabetes in whole... more Distinct DNA methylation patterns have recently been observed to precede type 1 diabetes in whole blood collected from young children. Our aim was to determine, whether perinatal DNA methylation could be associated with later progression to type 1 diabetes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis was performed on umbilical cord blood samples collected within the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study. Children later diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and/or testing positive for multiple islet autoantibodies (N=43) were compared to control individuals (N=79), who remained autoantibody-negative throughout the DIPP follow-up until 15 years of age. Potential confounding factors related to the pregnancy and the mother were included in the analysis. No differences in the cord blood methylation patterns were observed between these cases and controls.
We propose to develop a Vernier effect digital sensor from three fiber Bragg gratings. A sensing ... more We propose to develop a Vernier effect digital sensor from three fiber Bragg gratings. A sensing head in the form of a single mode tapered fiber is placed in one of the cavity. We show, via simulations, that our digital sensor has the detection limit of 3 × 10-6 RIU which is almost three times of what was previously proposed with cascaded ring resonators.
Abstract: The Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics are no doubt replacing the human jobs but... more Abstract: The Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics are no doubt replacing the human jobs but in no way going to usher the world into any economic recession. As a matter of fact, demand of new jobs relating to designing, developing, production, and maintenance of AI machines will be generated. It is widely believed that by the year 2030 Artificial Intelligence/ Robots emotionally intelligent agents capable of doing complex tasks intimately familiar with human moods will be replacing the human beings not only in most of the industrial setups but day to day tasks as well. Our almost all home and vehicle devices will get equipped with emotion chips that will sense our feelings and preferences via our voices, tones, and gestures. Robots will be everywhere addressing our empathetic needs even. That would be an Artificial Emotionally Intelligent (AEI) world. The humans spared will be engaged in the designing, developing, and production of the robots. That is a highly skilled job requi...
BackgroundDNA methylation patterns are largely established in-utero and might mediate the impacts... more BackgroundDNA methylation patterns are largely established in-utero and might mediate the impacts of in-utero conditions on later health outcomes. Associations between perinatal DNA methylation marks and pregnancy-related variables, such as maternal age and gestational weight gain, have been earlier studied with methylation microarrays, which typically cover less than 2 % of human CpG sites. To detect such associations outside these regions, we chose the bisulfite sequencing approach.MethodsWe collected and curated all available clinical data on 200 newborn infants; whose umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed with the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) method. A generalized linear mixed effects model was fit for each high coverage CpG site, followed by spatial and multiple testing adjustment of P values to identify differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) associated with clinical variables such as maternal age, mode of delivery, and birth we...
Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clin... more Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in eight genes, of which seven are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been reported to cause the XP. Methods and Results Three large consanguineous families of Pakistani origin displaying typical clinical hallmarks of XP were evaluated at clinical and molecular level. Homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers established linkage of the families to XPC gene on chromosome 3p25.1. Sanger sequencing of the XPC gene identified a novel homozygous single bp deletion [NM_004628.5; c.1934del; p.(Pro645Leufs*5)] and two previously reported mutations that included a nonsense [c.1243 C>T; p.(Arg415*)] and a splice acceptor site (c.2251–1 G>C), all segregating with the disease phenotypes in the families. Conclusion This report has extended the spectrum of mutations in the XPC gene and will also facilitate in diagnosis of X...
Abstract A simple arrangement of wheel-shaped copper microstrip antenna is presented for operatio... more Abstract A simple arrangement of wheel-shaped copper microstrip antenna is presented for operation in the 24 GHz frequency band. In this structure, a coaxial feed probe was utilized to generate vertical polarization, and a wheel-shaped microstrip with four coupling arms was used to produce horizontal polarization. An antenna comprising of two copper sheets assembled between the air-substrate was manufactured and characterized experimentally. The measured and simulated values are in close compliance with each other. A stable in-band omnidirectional radiation patterns were achieved thereby ensuring a proper combination of the field vectors from the feed probe and the radiating arms. The antenna occupied an overall footprint of 8 mm to fruitfully realize −10 dB impedance bandwidth >3 GHz and radiation efficiency of ~100%. In the operating frequency band from 22.5 to 25.7 GHz, axial ratio
The current investigation aims to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aqueous extract of T... more The current investigation aims to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica and to evaluate the in vitro anti-bacterial and in vivo sedative and anelgescic activities of crude extract as well as synthesized AuNPs. Several methods have been reported to synthesize AuNPs; however, most of them were not ecofriendly. In the present study, the green synthesis of AuNPs has been carried out. Using the green synthesis method, AuNPs of T. indica were synthesized at room temperature (25 °C) by mixing 5 mL of HAuCl4 (1 mM) with 1 mL of T. indica seed extract solution. This extract solution was prepared by taking 5 gm dry seeds in 100 mL of double deionized water with continuous stirring for up to 24 h at 80 °C. The stability of AuNPs was confirmed with the help of relevant experimental techniques including ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) showing maximum absorbance at 535–540 nm, Fourier transform infrared showing a broad signal at 3464 cm−1 which can be attributed to either amide or hydroxyl functionalities and atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the biomaterial surrounding AuNPs was agglomerated which proves the formation of discrete nanostructutres. These AuNPs have been evaluated for their antibacterial potential. The results revealed good antibacterial activity of the samples against. Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis with 10–12 mm zone of inhibition range. The AuNPs were also found stable at high temperature, over a range of pH and in 1 mM salt solution. Moreover, the crude extract and respective AuNPs also exhibited interesting sedative and analgesic activities. Hence, we focused on phytochemicals-mediated synthesis of AuNPs considered as greatest attention in the treatment of anti-bacterial, analgesic, and sedative.
Pakistan Journal of Engineering, Technology & Science, 2018
In this study finite difference method (FDM) is used with Dirichlet boundary conditions on rectan... more In this study finite difference method (FDM) is used with Dirichlet boundary conditions on rectangular domain to solve the 2D Laplace equation. The chosen body is elliptical, which is discretized into square grids. The finite difference method is applied for numerical differentiation of the observed example of rectangular domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The obtained numerical results arecompared with analytical solution. The obtained results show the efficiency of the FDM and settled with the obtained exact solution. The study objective is to check the accuracy of FDM for the numerical solutions of elliptical bodies of 2D Laplace equations. The study contributes to find the heat (temperature) distribution inside a regular rectangular elliptical discretized body.
Design of a compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ante... more Design of a compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity is proposed and characterized for off-body communication. The antenna is based on a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole extension of the microstrip line. The orthogonal field components required by CP are induced using a simply modified right/left side ground plane. In particular, a stub extending from the ground plane along the length of the microstrip line generates the vertical component, whereas the current along the width of the ground plane contributes to the horizontal components. To obtain a unidirectional radiation pattern in the off-body direction and to reduce the sensitivity to the human body loading effects, a flat reflector printed on a high permittivity flexible substrate is applied. The simple topology of the antenna can be described by a few adjustable parameters, which facilitates its EM design closure. Prior to the experimental validation in the free space and on the body, the antenna is optimized at the full-wave level of description for all major performance figures. The overall footprint of the antenna radiator is only L s × W s = 0.24 λ 0 × 0.64 λ 0 = 0.15 λ 2 0. The proposed MIMO antenna features |S 11 | ≤ −10 dB, average isolation |S 21 | ≤ −22 dB, and axial ratio (AR) ≤ 3 dB from 5.2 GHz to 6.3 GHz with 100% bandwidth overlap between the impedance and axial ratio bandwidths. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.004 with the maximum diversity gain (DG) of approximately 9.99 dB. Moreover, the antenna maintains a high efficiency of up to 90% when loaded on the body, and a low specific absorption rate (SAR). INDEX TERMS Circular polarization antennas, MIMO antennas, compact antennas, wideband antennas, simulation-driven design.
Vernier effect systems with more than two reflectors or coupled-ring resonators are highly attrac... more Vernier effect systems with more than two reflectors or coupled-ring resonators are highly attractive for sensing applications, since one can have better control of tailoring their transmission response as compared to traditional single-cavity structures. Here, we propose and provide a prescription for designing a digital Vernier sensor that can be built from three off-the-shelf fiber Bragg gratings. The proposed sensor employs a tapered fiber in one of the cavities as a sensing head and senses changes in the form of discrete (digital) wavelength jumps of resonant modes. We show that the sensitivity, detection limit, and dynamic range of the sensor can be predictably controlled by careful selection of cavity lengths. As an example, we show by simulations that the detection limit of the proposed sensor reaches 10 −6 , which is eight times more than the previously proposed digital sensor based upon coupled-ring resonators.
A novel topologically modified structure of a compact low profile wide-slot antenna for broadband... more A novel topologically modified structure of a compact low profile wide-slot antenna for broadband applications is presented. The antenna comprises a modified E-shaped slot with unequal arm lengths in the ground plane, and a parasitic quasi-rectangular loop placed coplanar with the feedline. For exciting orthogonal modes with equal amplitude, a single-point feeding technique with an asymmetrical geometry of the coplanar waveguide is used to feed the antenna. A multi-stage EM-driven optimization is used to rigorously optimize all the parameters for best impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. The total footprint of the antenna is only 0.71 λ g 2 and a 41% impedance bandwidth along with 33% axial ratio bandwidth has been achieved which covers several WLAN and WiMAX bands.
… Background: The signs and symptoms of pneumonia are often nonspecific and widely vary based on ... more … Background: The signs and symptoms of pneumonia are often nonspecific and widely vary based on the patient's age and the infectious organisms involved. IMNCI has improved case improved diagnose of pneumonia. This study was conducted to study the frequency of correctly diagnosed cases of severe pneumonia by IMNCI classification in children between 2-59 months of age. Study Design: Cross sectional study.
All authors have made substantial contribution to the acquisition of clinical data and its final ... more All authors have made substantial contribution to the acquisition of clinical data and its final presentation. All authors have read& approved the final manuscript and have equal access to the data.
Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture, 2016
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type ... more The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type of ICUs in terms of patient visibility, spatial configurations and nurse walking distance focused on Korean cases. Methods: The measures of static visibility were used to quantify the patient visibility (upper third part of the patient bed) from the nurse station. The measure of space programme and area distribution (patient zone percentage, staff zone percentage, circulation zone percentage, corridor length per bed, distance from nurse station (NS) to patient bed and departmental gross square meter (DGSM) per patient bed) were calculated by using AutoCAD and MS Excel programs. In the second step of analysis the values of space distribution were compared among the three type of ICUs as well as the nurse walking distance, DGSM per bed and gross factor. in the third step of analysis regression analysis was conducted for the possible correlation between visibility and space programme and area distribution factors as well as nurse walking distance factors. Results: (1) It was found that on average composite type unit offer highest value of patient visibility followed by pod type, while single corridor type unit offers the minimum value of patient visibility among the three plan typologies. (2) Average patient visibility and DGSM per bed shows a strong positive correlation (r²=0.75) and p=0.026. (3) Average patient visibility and average distance from NS has a strong negative correlation (r²=0.78), and P=0.02. (4) On average composite type unit offer the minimum walking distance from NS (7.22 meter) followed by pod type unit (8.35 meter) and single corridor (9.76 meter). (5) Maximum distance from NS was noted in single corridor (18.19 meter) followed by pod type unit (15.14 meter) and Composite type unit (11.1 meter). Implications: This study may contribute to the visibility analysis of existing and future ICU design in Korea to achieve maximum patient visibility and reduced nurse walking distance.
Incomplete understanding of mechanisms involved in the hostepathogen interactions constrains our ... more Incomplete understanding of mechanisms involved in the hostepathogen interactions constrains our efforts to eliminate tuberculosis. In many individuals, resulting from immune response to mycobacterial infection organised structures called granulomas are formed. To identify host responses that may control at least the early stages of infection, we employed an in vitro granuloma model. Here, human PBMCs were infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture, and the appearance of granuloma-like structures was monitored over the next several days. Production of cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants was monitored at various times, and the resulting temporal profiles were examined for possible correlations with either granuloma formation, or bacterial growth. While a positive association of TNF-a and IFN-g secretion levels with extent of granuloma formation could clearly be identified, we were, however, unable to detect any statistically significant relationship between any cytokine/chemokine and bacterial growth. Examination of specific host cellular biochemical pathways revealed that either modulation of neutral lipid homeostasis through inhibition of the G i-protein coupled receptor GPR109A, or regulation of host metabolic pathways through addition of vitamin D, provided a more effective means of controlling infection. A subsequent genotypic analysis for a select subset of genes belonging to pathways known to be significant for TB pathology revealed associations of polymorphisms with cytokine secretions and bacterial growth independently. Collectively therefore, the present study supports that key metabolic pathways of the host cell, rather than levels of relevant cytokines/chemokines might be more critical for regulating the intracellular mycobacterial load, in the context of granuloma formation.
To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB pa... more To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Methods: Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study. Different clinical, radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. Results: Between January 2012 and December 2012, a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment, out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases. Of 610 contacts who could be studied, 41 (17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10 (4.2%) had TB. The most common symptoms observed were cough, chest pain and fever. Conclusions: The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.
Uncontrolled Th17 cell activity is associated with cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory disease... more Uncontrolled Th17 cell activity is associated with cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. To validate the potential relevance of mouse models of targeting the Th17 pathway in human diseases we used RNA sequencing to compare the expression of coding and non-coding transcripts during the priming of Th17 cell differentiation in both human and mouse. In addition to already known targets, several transcripts not previously linked to Th17 cell polarization were found in both species. Moreover, a considerable number of human-specific long non-coding RNAs were identified that responded to cytokines stimulating Th17 cell differentiation. We integrated our transcriptomics data with known disease-associated polymorphisms and show that conserved regulation pinpoints genes that are relevant to Th17 cell-mediated human diseases and that can be modelled in mouse. Substantial differences observed in non-coding transcriptomes between the two species as well as increased overlap between Th1...
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