PURPOSE Bacterial virulence factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori ... more PURPOSE Bacterial virulence factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aims of this study were to evaluate virulence genes in H. pylori isolates and to compare the presence of these genes and associated clinical pathologies. METHODS A total of 148 H. pylori isolates, recovered from adult dyspeptic patients, were used. The patients, from whom the isolates were obtained, were assigned to two groups by their endoscopic findings, which manifested as chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer. The presence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was recorded for each patient, based on histopathological examination. Analyses of the virulence genes were performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 47 ± 15 years and 86 (58%) of them were female. Based on endoscopic examination, 103 (69.6%) patients were diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 45 (30.4%) with peptic ulcer. Histopathological examination revealed intestinal metaplasia in 30 (20%) patients and gastric atrophy in 12 (8%) patients. The prevalence rates of cagA, cagE, iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 were determined to be 87%, 74%, 58%, 26%, and 95%, respectively. The most prevalent vacA alleles were s1/s1a (82%/97%) and the least prevalent allele was s2 (20%). A new vacA genotype (s1as1bs1c) was detected, for the first time, in 18 (12%) isolates. No significant difference was found between the patient groups with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer for the prevalences of the virulence genes (p > 0.05). Furthermore, intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy showed no significant correlation with the virulence genes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is thoughted that H. pylori isolates with predominant cagA, cagE, VacA (s1, s1a), and babA2 virulence genes are associated with gastroduodenal diseases. However, there is no correlation between gastric premalignant lesions and virulence genes.
Background/aim The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is reported to be roughly 80% in Turkey, and... more Background/aim The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is reported to be roughly 80% in Turkey, and only very few culture-based studies are available on antibacterial resistance in adult dyspeptic patients. This study was carried out in adult dyspeptic patients with an aim to: (i) detect H. pylori by invasive tests (culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology) and (ii) determine the current resistance rates of H. pylori isolates to six antibiotics, including rifampicin. Materials and methods This study was conducted in 422 adult dyspeptic patients. The presence of H. pylori was demonstrated by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and the histopathology of gastric biopsy material. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined with the E-test. Results The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 15 (range 18–90), and 265 (63%) of them were female. By culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology, the presence of H. pylori was detected at rates of 35% (148/422), 67% (281/422), and 53% (224/422), respectively. The prevalence of H. pylori was determined as 75.6% (319/422). Metronidazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and rifampicin resistance rates were 62%, 36%, 19%, and 12%, respectively. Monodrug, dual-drug, and multidrug resistance rates were ascertained as 36.9%, 29.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. All of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Conclusion This study revealed the current prevalence of H. pylori in adult dyspeptic patients as 75.6%, and thereby, showed that infection with this pathogen remains highly prevalent. Although resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin has increased over time, clarithromycin resistance rate has decreased. The high levels of resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin limit the empirical use of these antibiotics in the eradication protocol. Owing to the low level of resistance determined for rifampicin, this antibiotic could be included in the eradication protocol, in the event of the need for rescue therapy in Turkey.
Akut gastroenteritler çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli nedenlerindendir. Rotavirüs büt... more Akut gastroenteritler çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli nedenlerindendir. Rotavirüs bütün dünyada yenidoğan ve çocuklarda görülen gastroenteritlerin etyolojisinde yer alan viral etkenler arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran çocuk hastalarda rotavirüse bağlı gastroenterit sıklığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2009-Ocak 2011 tarihleri arasında hastanemize ishal şikayeti ile başvuran 3445 olgunun dışkı örneklerine ait kayıtlar retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Taze dışkı örneklerinde rotavirüs antijenlerinin varlığı immünokromatografik test ile araştırılmıştır. Dışkı örneklerinin 958'inde (% 27.8) rotavirüs antijenleri belirlenmiştir. Viral antijen pozitif olgular en sık 0-24 ay yaş grubu ile kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde görülmüştür. İki yaş altı çocuklarda en yaygın gastroenterit etkeni olan rotavirüs özellikle kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde rutin olarak araştırılmalıdır.
Aims: Campylobacter spp. are important causes of reproductive disease in ruminants worldwide. Alt... more Aims: Campylobacter spp. are important causes of reproductive disease in ruminants worldwide. Although healthy bulls are well-known carriers for infection of cows, the role of rams as a potential source for infecting ewes is unclear. This study aimed to determine prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. Methods and Results: The material of this prospective study comprised 191 swab samples taken from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. Enrichment and membrane filtration were employed for the isolation of Campylobacter. Presumptive isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter by phenotypic and molecular tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used for the definitive identification of the isolates at species level, and genotyping was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The susceptibility of the Campylobacter spp. isolates to various antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion test. Twenty-seven of the 191 (14.13%) swab samples were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. (28 isolates were recovered in total). Per phenotypic and genotypic analyses, one isolate was identified as Campylobacter mucosalis and the remaining 27 isolates were identified as Campylobacter sputorum bv. faecalis. The PFGE analysis of the C. sputorum biovar faecalis isolates produced 17 clusters and 24 different pulsotypes, indicating high genetic heterogeneity. All 28 isolates were found to be susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: Healthy rams may be an important reservoir of different Campylobacter species in the preputium. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated for the first time that healthy rams can carry different Campylobacter spp. including genetically diverse C. sputorum bv. faecalis and C. mucosalis in the preputial cavity. Further investigation on the potential implication Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved of this finding on sheep reproductive health (e.g., infectious infertility, and abortion) and overall epidemiology of Campylobacter may be warranted.
Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Jun 2, 2012
In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of agents that cause superficial mycoses and ... more In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of agents that cause superficial mycoses and clinical types of superficial mycoses in terms of age and gender in our region were aimed. Five hundred samples of nails, skin and skin with hair taken from 476 children and adult patients pre-diagnosed with superficial mycoses were examined by direct microscopy and cultural methods between October 2009 and October 2010. Fungal elements were determined in 212 (42.4%) of the samples by using direct microscopy. Fungal growth was detected in 111 (22.2%) cultures of the same samples. It was found that the most common agents in superficial mycoses were Trichophyton rubrum (43.7%), Candida spp. (28%) and less often, Aspergillus spp., Malassezia spp., Saccharomyces spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichosporon spp. and Trichophyton verrucosum. The significance of diagnosis by using direct microscopy and culturing together was again shown for the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections that follow a chronic course and affect the quality of life of patients. The most common agents in the superficial mycoses were T. rubrum. With this study, defining the aetiological agents of superficial mycoses in the Kayseri region is expected to contribute to the literature in terms of epidemiological data.
We designed this study to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a fibrosis marker in... more We designed this study to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a fibrosis marker in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Materials and methods: The study was designed at Kayseri Education and Research Hospital. Ninety-five patients with CHC were enrolled retrospectively into the study. The control group comprised 33 age-and sex-matched healthy individuals. Hepatitis C virus-RNA level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), platelet count (PC), serum albumin, histological activity index (HAI), liver fibrosis score (LFS), and MPV were obtained from the patients' files and a computerized database. Results: Statistically significant differences in MPV and PC were seen in patients with CHC compared to healthy controls (MPV: 9.1
The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. iso... more The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolated from various sources. Seventy Arcobacter spp. isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the agar disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. The antibiotics tested included enrofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, danofloxacin, amoxycillin-clavulonic acid, cefuroxime-sodium, neomycine. Although all the arcobacters tested were susceptible to gentamycin, resistance to three or more antibacterial agents (especially, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime-sodium and rifampin) was observed. A. butzleri isolates were found to be resistant to amoxycillin+clavulonic acid, nalidixic acid and ampicillin, at the rate of 20%, 44.28% and 78.57% respectively. In conclusion, gentamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline may be suitable antibiotics for the treatment or control of disease caused by Arcobacter spp. in veterinary and human medicine.
PURPOSE Bacterial virulence factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori ... more PURPOSE Bacterial virulence factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aims of this study were to evaluate virulence genes in H. pylori isolates and to compare the presence of these genes and associated clinical pathologies. METHODS A total of 148 H. pylori isolates, recovered from adult dyspeptic patients, were used. The patients, from whom the isolates were obtained, were assigned to two groups by their endoscopic findings, which manifested as chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer. The presence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was recorded for each patient, based on histopathological examination. Analyses of the virulence genes were performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 47 ± 15 years and 86 (58%) of them were female. Based on endoscopic examination, 103 (69.6%) patients were diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 45 (30.4%) with peptic ulcer. Histopathological examination revealed intestinal metaplasia in 30 (20%) patients and gastric atrophy in 12 (8%) patients. The prevalence rates of cagA, cagE, iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 were determined to be 87%, 74%, 58%, 26%, and 95%, respectively. The most prevalent vacA alleles were s1/s1a (82%/97%) and the least prevalent allele was s2 (20%). A new vacA genotype (s1as1bs1c) was detected, for the first time, in 18 (12%) isolates. No significant difference was found between the patient groups with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer for the prevalences of the virulence genes (p > 0.05). Furthermore, intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy showed no significant correlation with the virulence genes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is thoughted that H. pylori isolates with predominant cagA, cagE, VacA (s1, s1a), and babA2 virulence genes are associated with gastroduodenal diseases. However, there is no correlation between gastric premalignant lesions and virulence genes.
Background/aim The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is reported to be roughly 80% in Turkey, and... more Background/aim The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is reported to be roughly 80% in Turkey, and only very few culture-based studies are available on antibacterial resistance in adult dyspeptic patients. This study was carried out in adult dyspeptic patients with an aim to: (i) detect H. pylori by invasive tests (culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology) and (ii) determine the current resistance rates of H. pylori isolates to six antibiotics, including rifampicin. Materials and methods This study was conducted in 422 adult dyspeptic patients. The presence of H. pylori was demonstrated by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and the histopathology of gastric biopsy material. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined with the E-test. Results The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 15 (range 18–90), and 265 (63%) of them were female. By culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology, the presence of H. pylori was detected at rates of 35% (148/422), 67% (281/422), and 53% (224/422), respectively. The prevalence of H. pylori was determined as 75.6% (319/422). Metronidazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and rifampicin resistance rates were 62%, 36%, 19%, and 12%, respectively. Monodrug, dual-drug, and multidrug resistance rates were ascertained as 36.9%, 29.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. All of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Conclusion This study revealed the current prevalence of H. pylori in adult dyspeptic patients as 75.6%, and thereby, showed that infection with this pathogen remains highly prevalent. Although resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin has increased over time, clarithromycin resistance rate has decreased. The high levels of resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin limit the empirical use of these antibiotics in the eradication protocol. Owing to the low level of resistance determined for rifampicin, this antibiotic could be included in the eradication protocol, in the event of the need for rescue therapy in Turkey.
Akut gastroenteritler çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli nedenlerindendir. Rotavirüs büt... more Akut gastroenteritler çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli nedenlerindendir. Rotavirüs bütün dünyada yenidoğan ve çocuklarda görülen gastroenteritlerin etyolojisinde yer alan viral etkenler arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran çocuk hastalarda rotavirüse bağlı gastroenterit sıklığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2009-Ocak 2011 tarihleri arasında hastanemize ishal şikayeti ile başvuran 3445 olgunun dışkı örneklerine ait kayıtlar retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Taze dışkı örneklerinde rotavirüs antijenlerinin varlığı immünokromatografik test ile araştırılmıştır. Dışkı örneklerinin 958'inde (% 27.8) rotavirüs antijenleri belirlenmiştir. Viral antijen pozitif olgular en sık 0-24 ay yaş grubu ile kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde görülmüştür. İki yaş altı çocuklarda en yaygın gastroenterit etkeni olan rotavirüs özellikle kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde rutin olarak araştırılmalıdır.
Aims: Campylobacter spp. are important causes of reproductive disease in ruminants worldwide. Alt... more Aims: Campylobacter spp. are important causes of reproductive disease in ruminants worldwide. Although healthy bulls are well-known carriers for infection of cows, the role of rams as a potential source for infecting ewes is unclear. This study aimed to determine prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. Methods and Results: The material of this prospective study comprised 191 swab samples taken from the preputial cavity of healthy rams. Enrichment and membrane filtration were employed for the isolation of Campylobacter. Presumptive isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter by phenotypic and molecular tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used for the definitive identification of the isolates at species level, and genotyping was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The susceptibility of the Campylobacter spp. isolates to various antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion test. Twenty-seven of the 191 (14.13%) swab samples were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. (28 isolates were recovered in total). Per phenotypic and genotypic analyses, one isolate was identified as Campylobacter mucosalis and the remaining 27 isolates were identified as Campylobacter sputorum bv. faecalis. The PFGE analysis of the C. sputorum biovar faecalis isolates produced 17 clusters and 24 different pulsotypes, indicating high genetic heterogeneity. All 28 isolates were found to be susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: Healthy rams may be an important reservoir of different Campylobacter species in the preputium. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated for the first time that healthy rams can carry different Campylobacter spp. including genetically diverse C. sputorum bv. faecalis and C. mucosalis in the preputial cavity. Further investigation on the potential implication Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved of this finding on sheep reproductive health (e.g., infectious infertility, and abortion) and overall epidemiology of Campylobacter may be warranted.
Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Jun 2, 2012
In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of agents that cause superficial mycoses and ... more In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of agents that cause superficial mycoses and clinical types of superficial mycoses in terms of age and gender in our region were aimed. Five hundred samples of nails, skin and skin with hair taken from 476 children and adult patients pre-diagnosed with superficial mycoses were examined by direct microscopy and cultural methods between October 2009 and October 2010. Fungal elements were determined in 212 (42.4%) of the samples by using direct microscopy. Fungal growth was detected in 111 (22.2%) cultures of the same samples. It was found that the most common agents in superficial mycoses were Trichophyton rubrum (43.7%), Candida spp. (28%) and less often, Aspergillus spp., Malassezia spp., Saccharomyces spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichosporon spp. and Trichophyton verrucosum. The significance of diagnosis by using direct microscopy and culturing together was again shown for the diagnosis of superficial fungal infections that follow a chronic course and affect the quality of life of patients. The most common agents in the superficial mycoses were T. rubrum. With this study, defining the aetiological agents of superficial mycoses in the Kayseri region is expected to contribute to the literature in terms of epidemiological data.
We designed this study to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a fibrosis marker in... more We designed this study to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a fibrosis marker in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Materials and methods: The study was designed at Kayseri Education and Research Hospital. Ninety-five patients with CHC were enrolled retrospectively into the study. The control group comprised 33 age-and sex-matched healthy individuals. Hepatitis C virus-RNA level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), platelet count (PC), serum albumin, histological activity index (HAI), liver fibrosis score (LFS), and MPV were obtained from the patients' files and a computerized database. Results: Statistically significant differences in MPV and PC were seen in patients with CHC compared to healthy controls (MPV: 9.1
The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. iso... more The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolated from various sources. Seventy Arcobacter spp. isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the agar disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. The antibiotics tested included enrofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, danofloxacin, amoxycillin-clavulonic acid, cefuroxime-sodium, neomycine. Although all the arcobacters tested were susceptible to gentamycin, resistance to three or more antibacterial agents (especially, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime-sodium and rifampin) was observed. A. butzleri isolates were found to be resistant to amoxycillin+clavulonic acid, nalidixic acid and ampicillin, at the rate of 20%, 44.28% and 78.57% respectively. In conclusion, gentamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline may be suitable antibiotics for the treatment or control of disease caused by Arcobacter spp. in veterinary and human medicine.
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