Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become on... more Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary supplementation with certain edible oils may play a vital role in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the mortality rate due to heart disease. Palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO) and blended oils (consisting of olive oil (OLO) with SFO or SBO), were prepared (65-69% MUFA) to provide higher amounts of MUFA. Animal experiments were carried out to find the effects of olive oil blends, by feeding hamsters diets containing 8% of either native or blends of oils for 60 days. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 27% and 29%, respectively, in hamsters given blended oils containing OLO/SFO and OLO/SBO compared to PO. Fecal cholesterol and thiobarbituric acid did not show a significant change when hamsters were given blends in comparison with PO. Body and liver weights were also not significantly affected. These stud...
40% MPC reduced the increase in body weight, fat ratio and plasma lipid levels induced by high-fa... more 40% MPC reduced the increase in body weight, fat ratio and plasma lipid levels induced by high-fat diet in rats. It also increased the transsulfuration pathway, increasing levels of H2S, promoting the body's lipid metabolism.
Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become on... more Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary supplementation with certain edible oils may play a vital role in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the mortality rate due to heart disease. Palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO) and blended oils (consisting of olive oil (OLO) with SFO or SBO), were prepared (65-69% MUFA) to provide higher amounts of MUFA. Animal experiments were carried out to find the effects of olive oil blends, by feeding hamsters diets containing 8% of either native or blends of oils for 60 days. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 27% and 29%, respectively, in hamsters given blended oils containing OLO/SFO and OLO/SBO compared to PO. Fecal cholesterol and thiobarbituric acid did not show a significant change when hamsters were given blends in comparison with PO. Body and liver weights were also not significantly affected. These stud...
Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives a... more Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives and dietary supplements. In this study, β-1,3-xylan was extracted from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera; this compound was hydrolyzed by β-1,3-xylanase XYLII to produce mixed < 3 kDa β-1,3-xylooligosaccharide (XOSmix), which was mainly composed of β-1,3-xylose, β-1,3-xylobiose, and β-1,3-xylotriose. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of XOSmix were then examined. Results revealed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant status of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to those of 8.7, 115.1, and 157.3 μg/mL trolox, respectively; whereas the ferrous ion chelating activity of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to that of 64.3 μg/mL EDTA. Regarding the anticoagulant activity, XOSmix delayed the activated partial thromboplastin time. These results suggest that XOSmix exhibits potential for application in the food industry.
In this study, the feasibility of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spe... more In this study, the feasibility of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) systems for detecting peanut oil (PO) adulterated with rapeseed oil (RO) in different ratios was evaluated. In the GC analysis, the oils were categorized on the basis of fatty acid compositions. In the GC-IMS analysis, the oils were distinguished on the basis of volatile fractions. To demonstrate the high quality of the GC-IMS results, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted. The results showed that fatty acid profiles in PO exhibited higher amounts of palmitic acid (10.70 ± 0.18%), linoleic acid (32.87 ± 0.52%), and arachidic acid (2.30 ± 0.05%). RO had higher levels of linolenic acid (7.49 ± 0.36%) and erucic acid (8.02 ± 0.39%), which were not detected in PO. The linear regression analysis showed that the change in C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, and C22:1 content was highly correlated with the adulteration proportion of RO. However, only significant differences were visible in C18:3 and C20:1 when the adulteration proportion was a minimum of 5%. Satisfactory results of adulteration determination were obtained using the GC-IMS combined with the PCA and CA. Each oil type had unique characteristic compounds, and signals of some volatile compounds changed with the increase in the adulteration proportion especially at run times ranging from 100 to 300 s. For example, the intensity of peak signals of 89-92 increased with the addition of RO while peak intensity of 104 to 107 weakened. These individual signals revealed the volatile compounds responsible for the differences between PO and RO and could help to screen PO adulterated with RO. The established PCA scatter plots and CA could correctly differentiate authentic PO from adulterated samples with at least 1% of RO. Consequently, the GC-IMS shows higher efficiency and feasibility compared with the GC and may serve as a basis for the detection of adulteration of various substances.
In this study, we prepared chitin nanofibers (CNFs) of varying diameter and added sodium chloride... more In this study, we prepared chitin nanofibers (CNFs) of varying diameter and added sodium chloride (NaCl) to CNF solutions. We performed ultrasonication on the CNFs for 30, 45, and 60 min, following which, the CNFs (i.e., CNF30, CNF45, CNF60) displayed a diameter of 9.3, 5.6, and 5.1 nm, respectively; the diameter decreased with the ultrasonication time. The zeta potential of CNFs with various concentrations and diameters ranged from 21.8 to 37.3 mV. The kinematic viscosities of the CNFs were affected with the CNF concentrations and addition of NaCl. When 0.15 and 0.30 g/L CNF solutions were added 3.0 g/L NaCl, they tasted saltier than the 3.0 g/L NaCl solution, but less astringent compared with the CNF solutions without NaCl. The saltiness enhancement of CNF60 was superior to that of the CNF30 and CNF45 due to CNF60 was smaller diameter and less intertwined. The eNH 3 þ of CNF bound Cl À by electrostatic interactions that causing the ratio of free Na þ in the diffuse layer increased and then improving the saltiness and decreasing the astringency of the solutions. Therefore, application of CNFs in food is promising.
This study applied an ultrasonication method to prepare chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with a mean diam... more This study applied an ultrasonication method to prepare chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with a mean diameter of 111.6 nm, which were then used in a curing solution to increase the saltiness perception of cured tilapia fillets. Subsequently, various concentrations of citric, malic, or lactic acid were used to further enhance the fillets' perceived saltiness. The fillets cured with 0.12e0.18 g/L CNFs had significantly higher saltiness perception scores than the fillets cured with the control solution. The optimal perceived saltiness occurred when the 0.15 g/L group (CNF15) solution was added. In addition, the astringency perception of each fillet group differed insignificantly from the control. When CNF15 was prepared in 40 g/L NaCl curing solution, the addition of 3 g/L citric acid or 4 g/L malic acid, significantly increased the saltiness perception of the fillet and the tasters did not perceive any additional sourness. In contrast, further increasing the lactic acid concentration decreased the perceived saltiness of the fillet. Overall, in specific concentrations, CNFs can increase the saltiness perception of cured fish fillets. Perceived saltiness can be further enhanced by adding adequate amounts of citric or malic acid.
Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives a... more Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives and dietary supplements. In this study, β-1,3-xylan was extracted from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera; this compound was hydrolyzed by β-1,3-xylanase XYLII to produce mixed < 3 kDa β-1,3-xylooligosaccharide (XOS mix), which was mainly composed of β-1,3-xylose, β-1,3-xylobiose, and β-1,3-xylotriose. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of XOS mix were then examined. Results revealed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant status of 20 mg/mL XOS mix was equivalent to those of 8.7, 115.1, and 157.3 μg/mL trolox, respectively; whereas the ferrous ion chelating activity of 20 mg/mL XOS mix was equivalent to that of 64.3 µg/mL EDTA. Regarding the anticoagulant activity, XOS mix delayed the activated partial thromboplastin time. These results suggest that XOS mix exhibits potential for application in the food industry.
International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2014
Sesaminol triglucoside is a major lignin in sesame meal and has a methylenedioxyphenyl group and ... more Sesaminol triglucoside is a major lignin in sesame meal and has a methylenedioxyphenyl group and multiple functions in vivo. As a tetrahydrofurofuran type lignan, sesaminol triglucoside is metabolized to mammalian lignans. This investigation studies the effect of sesaminol triglucoside and its tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites (sesaminol, 2-episesaminol, hydroxymethyl sesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, enterolactone, and enterodiol) on gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes using a DNA microarray. Sesame lignans significantly affected the expression of xenobiotic-induced transcripts of cytochrome P450, solute carrier (SLC), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Changes in gene expression were generally greater in response to metabolites with methylenedioxyphenyl moieties (sesaminol triglucoside, sesaminol, and 2-episesaminol) than to the tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites (hydroxymethyl sesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, enterolactone, and enterodiol). Tetrahydrofuran lignans, such as sesaminol...
Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by d... more Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by different types of chitosan beads was investigated. The chitosan beads were co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate/genipin in solutions at pH 5, 7 or 9 (CB5, CB7, CB9). The maximum adsorption ratios of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin were observed at pH 4.4 and 5.4, respectively; highly selective separation was also demonstrated at these pHs. The adsorption ratios increased with temperature, rising between 5 and 25 °C. CB9 produced the best adsorption ratio, followed by CB7 then CB5. The critical interaction governing absorption of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin could be hydrogen bonding. At pH 9, KTI and lectin desorbed efficiently from CB7 with desorption ratios of 80.9% and 81.4%, respectively. The desorption was most likely caused predominantly by electrostatic repulsion. KTI and lectin can effectively be selectively isolated from soybean whey using this novel separation technique.
The objective of this study is to explore the effect of using different recovery methods and cond... more The objective of this study is to explore the effect of using different recovery methods and conditions on the yield, solubility, molecular weight, and creep compliance of the regenerated chitosan. The results show that yields obtained by dialysis were higher than those using recovery medium of alkali solutions, organic solvents, or alkali-alcohol-water mixtures. For those chitosans employing alkali solutions as the recovery medium, the higher the alkali concentration used, the higher the yields obtained, although the total quantity of alkali in the solution were the same. Solubilities of regenerated chitosans were similar and independent at the methods of using alkali solution, organic solvent or alkali-alcohol-water mixture or at different concentrations of alkali solution. The molecular weight of regenerated chitosan decreased from 2.37 ϫ 10 7 to 1.68 ϫ 10 7 Da proportionally with the concentration of the alkali solution of the recovery medium from 1N to 8N. Creep compliance of regenerated chitosan gel obtained from 65% degree of deacetylation (DD) chitosan was lower than that of either 72 or 89% DD chitosan gel. Of the same DD chitosan, compliance of regenerated chitosan gels obtained by using a higher concentration of alkali solution was lower than that of a lower concentration ones. Hydrogels regenerated from different DD chitosans and/or different recovery mediums have different structure and tactile properties. Therefore, they can be used as wound dressings suited to different applications.
Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is a... more Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases.-Carotene, R-carotene, and-cryptoxanthin are precursors of vitamin A, a nutrient essential for human health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of carotenoids from whole foods. This study characterized the intestinal uptake performance of carotenoids using monolayers of differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells and mimicked human digestion to assess carotenoid absorption from carrots and corn. Results showed that Caco-2 cellular uptake of-carotene and zeaxanthin was higher than that of lutein. Uptake performances of pure carotenoids and carotenoids from whole foods by Caco-2 cells were both curvilinear, reaching saturated levels after 4 h of incubation. The time kinetics and dose response of carotenoid uptake presented a similar pattern in Caco-2 cells after plating for 2 and 14 days. Furthermore, the applicability of this new model was verified with whole grain corn, showing that cooked corn grain significantly enhanced carotenoid bioavailability. These results support the feasibility of the in vitro digestion cell model for assessing carotenoid absorption from whole foods as a suitable and cost-effective physiological alternative to current methodologies.
The composition, physicochemical properties and salinity of spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microp... more The composition, physicochemical properties and salinity of spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microparticles were tested to ensure a low-sodium and high-salinity salty agent. The spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microparticles were hollow and had a favourable hygroscopicity, and increased NaCl content and decreased organic acid content. Their size of the microparticles was 15.4-32.0 m and increased with NaCl concentration. The microparticles of acetic and lactic acid groups had a NaCl crystal size of 1-2 and 1-4 m, respectively. The NaCl crystals of acetic, lactic and citric acid group microparticles were distributed on the microparticle matrices, mostly on the microparticle surface and mainly on the inner walls of the microparticles walls, respectively. The acetic and lactic acid group microparticles were relatively smaller than general salt, with NaCl crystals distributed on the particle surfaces. Consequently, they were perceived as saltier than general salt and could potentially be regarded as a low-sodium salt for surface-salted foods.
Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become on... more Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary supplementation with certain edible oils may play a vital role in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the mortality rate due to heart disease. Palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO) and blended oils (consisting of olive oil (OLO) with SFO or SBO), were prepared (65-69% MUFA) to provide higher amounts of MUFA. Animal experiments were carried out to find the effects of olive oil blends, by feeding hamsters diets containing 8% of either native or blends of oils for 60 days. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 27% and 29%, respectively, in hamsters given blended oils containing OLO/SFO and OLO/SBO compared to PO. Fecal cholesterol and thiobarbituric acid did not show a significant change when hamsters were given blends in comparison with PO. Body and liver weights were also not significantly affected. These stud...
40% MPC reduced the increase in body weight, fat ratio and plasma lipid levels induced by high-fa... more 40% MPC reduced the increase in body weight, fat ratio and plasma lipid levels induced by high-fat diet in rats. It also increased the transsulfuration pathway, increasing levels of H2S, promoting the body's lipid metabolism.
Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become on... more Edible oils form an essential part of the modern diet. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary supplementation with certain edible oils may play a vital role in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the mortality rate due to heart disease. Palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO) and blended oils (consisting of olive oil (OLO) with SFO or SBO), were prepared (65-69% MUFA) to provide higher amounts of MUFA. Animal experiments were carried out to find the effects of olive oil blends, by feeding hamsters diets containing 8% of either native or blends of oils for 60 days. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 27% and 29%, respectively, in hamsters given blended oils containing OLO/SFO and OLO/SBO compared to PO. Fecal cholesterol and thiobarbituric acid did not show a significant change when hamsters were given blends in comparison with PO. Body and liver weights were also not significantly affected. These stud...
Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives a... more Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives and dietary supplements. In this study, β-1,3-xylan was extracted from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera; this compound was hydrolyzed by β-1,3-xylanase XYLII to produce mixed < 3 kDa β-1,3-xylooligosaccharide (XOSmix), which was mainly composed of β-1,3-xylose, β-1,3-xylobiose, and β-1,3-xylotriose. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of XOSmix were then examined. Results revealed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant status of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to those of 8.7, 115.1, and 157.3 μg/mL trolox, respectively; whereas the ferrous ion chelating activity of 20 mg/mL XOSmix was equivalent to that of 64.3 μg/mL EDTA. Regarding the anticoagulant activity, XOSmix delayed the activated partial thromboplastin time. These results suggest that XOSmix exhibits potential for application in the food industry.
In this study, the feasibility of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spe... more In this study, the feasibility of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) systems for detecting peanut oil (PO) adulterated with rapeseed oil (RO) in different ratios was evaluated. In the GC analysis, the oils were categorized on the basis of fatty acid compositions. In the GC-IMS analysis, the oils were distinguished on the basis of volatile fractions. To demonstrate the high quality of the GC-IMS results, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted. The results showed that fatty acid profiles in PO exhibited higher amounts of palmitic acid (10.70 ± 0.18%), linoleic acid (32.87 ± 0.52%), and arachidic acid (2.30 ± 0.05%). RO had higher levels of linolenic acid (7.49 ± 0.36%) and erucic acid (8.02 ± 0.39%), which were not detected in PO. The linear regression analysis showed that the change in C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, and C22:1 content was highly correlated with the adulteration proportion of RO. However, only significant differences were visible in C18:3 and C20:1 when the adulteration proportion was a minimum of 5%. Satisfactory results of adulteration determination were obtained using the GC-IMS combined with the PCA and CA. Each oil type had unique characteristic compounds, and signals of some volatile compounds changed with the increase in the adulteration proportion especially at run times ranging from 100 to 300 s. For example, the intensity of peak signals of 89-92 increased with the addition of RO while peak intensity of 104 to 107 weakened. These individual signals revealed the volatile compounds responsible for the differences between PO and RO and could help to screen PO adulterated with RO. The established PCA scatter plots and CA could correctly differentiate authentic PO from adulterated samples with at least 1% of RO. Consequently, the GC-IMS shows higher efficiency and feasibility compared with the GC and may serve as a basis for the detection of adulteration of various substances.
In this study, we prepared chitin nanofibers (CNFs) of varying diameter and added sodium chloride... more In this study, we prepared chitin nanofibers (CNFs) of varying diameter and added sodium chloride (NaCl) to CNF solutions. We performed ultrasonication on the CNFs for 30, 45, and 60 min, following which, the CNFs (i.e., CNF30, CNF45, CNF60) displayed a diameter of 9.3, 5.6, and 5.1 nm, respectively; the diameter decreased with the ultrasonication time. The zeta potential of CNFs with various concentrations and diameters ranged from 21.8 to 37.3 mV. The kinematic viscosities of the CNFs were affected with the CNF concentrations and addition of NaCl. When 0.15 and 0.30 g/L CNF solutions were added 3.0 g/L NaCl, they tasted saltier than the 3.0 g/L NaCl solution, but less astringent compared with the CNF solutions without NaCl. The saltiness enhancement of CNF60 was superior to that of the CNF30 and CNF45 due to CNF60 was smaller diameter and less intertwined. The eNH 3 þ of CNF bound Cl À by electrostatic interactions that causing the ratio of free Na þ in the diffuse layer increased and then improving the saltiness and decreasing the astringency of the solutions. Therefore, application of CNFs in food is promising.
This study applied an ultrasonication method to prepare chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with a mean diam... more This study applied an ultrasonication method to prepare chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with a mean diameter of 111.6 nm, which were then used in a curing solution to increase the saltiness perception of cured tilapia fillets. Subsequently, various concentrations of citric, malic, or lactic acid were used to further enhance the fillets' perceived saltiness. The fillets cured with 0.12e0.18 g/L CNFs had significantly higher saltiness perception scores than the fillets cured with the control solution. The optimal perceived saltiness occurred when the 0.15 g/L group (CNF15) solution was added. In addition, the astringency perception of each fillet group differed insignificantly from the control. When CNF15 was prepared in 40 g/L NaCl curing solution, the addition of 3 g/L citric acid or 4 g/L malic acid, significantly increased the saltiness perception of the fillet and the tasters did not perceive any additional sourness. In contrast, further increasing the lactic acid concentration decreased the perceived saltiness of the fillet. Overall, in specific concentrations, CNFs can increase the saltiness perception of cured fish fillets. Perceived saltiness can be further enhanced by adding adequate amounts of citric or malic acid.
Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives a... more Oligosaccharides extracted from algae exhibit many bioactivities and are used as food additives and dietary supplements. In this study, β-1,3-xylan was extracted from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera; this compound was hydrolyzed by β-1,3-xylanase XYLII to produce mixed < 3 kDa β-1,3-xylooligosaccharide (XOS mix), which was mainly composed of β-1,3-xylose, β-1,3-xylobiose, and β-1,3-xylotriose. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of XOS mix were then examined. Results revealed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant status of 20 mg/mL XOS mix was equivalent to those of 8.7, 115.1, and 157.3 μg/mL trolox, respectively; whereas the ferrous ion chelating activity of 20 mg/mL XOS mix was equivalent to that of 64.3 µg/mL EDTA. Regarding the anticoagulant activity, XOS mix delayed the activated partial thromboplastin time. These results suggest that XOS mix exhibits potential for application in the food industry.
International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2014
Sesaminol triglucoside is a major lignin in sesame meal and has a methylenedioxyphenyl group and ... more Sesaminol triglucoside is a major lignin in sesame meal and has a methylenedioxyphenyl group and multiple functions in vivo. As a tetrahydrofurofuran type lignan, sesaminol triglucoside is metabolized to mammalian lignans. This investigation studies the effect of sesaminol triglucoside and its tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites (sesaminol, 2-episesaminol, hydroxymethyl sesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, enterolactone, and enterodiol) on gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes using a DNA microarray. Sesame lignans significantly affected the expression of xenobiotic-induced transcripts of cytochrome P450, solute carrier (SLC), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Changes in gene expression were generally greater in response to metabolites with methylenedioxyphenyl moieties (sesaminol triglucoside, sesaminol, and 2-episesaminol) than to the tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites (hydroxymethyl sesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, enterolactone, and enterodiol). Tetrahydrofuran lignans, such as sesaminol...
Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by d... more Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by different types of chitosan beads was investigated. The chitosan beads were co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate/genipin in solutions at pH 5, 7 or 9 (CB5, CB7, CB9). The maximum adsorption ratios of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin were observed at pH 4.4 and 5.4, respectively; highly selective separation was also demonstrated at these pHs. The adsorption ratios increased with temperature, rising between 5 and 25 °C. CB9 produced the best adsorption ratio, followed by CB7 then CB5. The critical interaction governing absorption of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin could be hydrogen bonding. At pH 9, KTI and lectin desorbed efficiently from CB7 with desorption ratios of 80.9% and 81.4%, respectively. The desorption was most likely caused predominantly by electrostatic repulsion. KTI and lectin can effectively be selectively isolated from soybean whey using this novel separation technique.
The objective of this study is to explore the effect of using different recovery methods and cond... more The objective of this study is to explore the effect of using different recovery methods and conditions on the yield, solubility, molecular weight, and creep compliance of the regenerated chitosan. The results show that yields obtained by dialysis were higher than those using recovery medium of alkali solutions, organic solvents, or alkali-alcohol-water mixtures. For those chitosans employing alkali solutions as the recovery medium, the higher the alkali concentration used, the higher the yields obtained, although the total quantity of alkali in the solution were the same. Solubilities of regenerated chitosans were similar and independent at the methods of using alkali solution, organic solvent or alkali-alcohol-water mixture or at different concentrations of alkali solution. The molecular weight of regenerated chitosan decreased from 2.37 ϫ 10 7 to 1.68 ϫ 10 7 Da proportionally with the concentration of the alkali solution of the recovery medium from 1N to 8N. Creep compliance of regenerated chitosan gel obtained from 65% degree of deacetylation (DD) chitosan was lower than that of either 72 or 89% DD chitosan gel. Of the same DD chitosan, compliance of regenerated chitosan gels obtained by using a higher concentration of alkali solution was lower than that of a lower concentration ones. Hydrogels regenerated from different DD chitosans and/or different recovery mediums have different structure and tactile properties. Therefore, they can be used as wound dressings suited to different applications.
Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is a... more Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases.-Carotene, R-carotene, and-cryptoxanthin are precursors of vitamin A, a nutrient essential for human health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of carotenoids from whole foods. This study characterized the intestinal uptake performance of carotenoids using monolayers of differentiated Caco-2 human intestinal cells and mimicked human digestion to assess carotenoid absorption from carrots and corn. Results showed that Caco-2 cellular uptake of-carotene and zeaxanthin was higher than that of lutein. Uptake performances of pure carotenoids and carotenoids from whole foods by Caco-2 cells were both curvilinear, reaching saturated levels after 4 h of incubation. The time kinetics and dose response of carotenoid uptake presented a similar pattern in Caco-2 cells after plating for 2 and 14 days. Furthermore, the applicability of this new model was verified with whole grain corn, showing that cooked corn grain significantly enhanced carotenoid bioavailability. These results support the feasibility of the in vitro digestion cell model for assessing carotenoid absorption from whole foods as a suitable and cost-effective physiological alternative to current methodologies.
The composition, physicochemical properties and salinity of spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microp... more The composition, physicochemical properties and salinity of spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microparticles were tested to ensure a low-sodium and high-salinity salty agent. The spray-dried chitosan/acid/NaCl microparticles were hollow and had a favourable hygroscopicity, and increased NaCl content and decreased organic acid content. Their size of the microparticles was 15.4-32.0 m and increased with NaCl concentration. The microparticles of acetic and lactic acid groups had a NaCl crystal size of 1-2 and 1-4 m, respectively. The NaCl crystals of acetic, lactic and citric acid group microparticles were distributed on the microparticle matrices, mostly on the microparticle surface and mainly on the inner walls of the microparticles walls, respectively. The acetic and lactic acid group microparticles were relatively smaller than general salt, with NaCl crystals distributed on the particle surfaces. Consequently, they were perceived as saltier than general salt and could potentially be regarded as a low-sodium salt for surface-salted foods.
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