Most economists agree that road pricing benefits society by curtailing congestion. Efficiency ana... more Most economists agree that road pricing benefits society by curtailing congestion. Efficiency analysis demonstrates why the public rejects congestion pricing. A dedicated road or transport fund is more viable when the road users are charged not only for the damage caused by heavy vehicles but also for congestion. PolicyRearchWoding PapsdismLataeth rmdings ofwoiprogrcsatncountgethccxchangeofideaunangB nkstaffand til othas iMacened in de-volopnelt tssues. Them papcgs cary the nanm of die autho, reflact ealy their views, znd shel be used and cited accordingly. hefindn.inu cprcsttion, andconduws aretheauthoz' own Tley should noto atttbutedtotheWeW d Bank, its Board of Directos, its managment, or any of its member counties.
This chapter on optimal integrated pricing in a bi-modal transportation network is one in a book ... more This chapter on optimal integrated pricing in a bi-modal transportation network is one in a book of essays published in honor of David Boyce for his contributions to the fields of transportation modeling and regional science. In this chapter, the authors investigated the relationship among the auto toll, transit fare, and subsidy scheme at a bi-modal network level. Transport pricing and transit subsidy are sought for optimal modal split under the assumption of a transit budget constraint. The authors introduce idiosyncratic modal utility for optimal transport pricing and explain how it differs from classical consumer behavior theory. The numerical results demonstrate that the independent determination of optimal congestion toll or transit fare is underestimated compared to that under the integrated system. The authors contend that a system optimum in terms of social welfare maximization can generally be achieved under marginal-cost pricing and an appropriate transit subsidy program. They conclude that it is desirable to link road pricing and public transport provision via the use of congestion charge revenue to subsidize or improve transit services for optimal modal split.
January 4-5, 1993. Comments by participants at these places are gratefully acknowledged. I have b... more January 4-5, 1993. Comments by participants at these places are gratefully acknowledged. I have benefitted from the discussions and comments of many people on the controversial subject of road pricing and I take this opportunity to thank
[206] Urban and Regional Economics IThe 87th Annual Conference of the Western Economic Associatio... more [206] Urban and Regional Economics IThe 87th Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association International (WEAI), San Francisco, CA., 29 June-3 July 2012
This paper discusses current transport policy in Hong Kong. The study's recommendations form ... more This paper discusses current transport policy in Hong Kong. The study's recommendations form the basis of the Hong Kong government's second Green Paper of Transport Policy. The policy options available and the recommended packages are reviewed. Draconian measures are being recommended in Hong Kong to reduce the use of cars and lorries. These include increased ownership taxes, increased fuel taxes, goods vehicle controls and electronic road pricing. However, despite clear economic advantages there is considerable political opposition to implementation.
... Downs' law says that whenever new expressways are built in metropolitan areas, crowded co... more ... Downs' law says that whenever new expressways are built in metropolitan areas, crowded conditions ... For public acceptability and softening of the system's full impact, a gradual introduction in ... system is used to electronically charge for road use, public on-street parking could in ...
The author considers the advantages of congestion charging and compares a number of systems in op... more The author considers the advantages of congestion charging and compares a number of systems in operation. Mechanisms compared imclude a) 24 hour manual toll collection, b) 24 hour electronic toll collection, c) cordon pricing with manual toll booths and a reserved lane, d) supplementary licensing, e) electronic road pricing with automatic vehicle identification (alone) and f) electronic road pricing with smart card-type AVI technology. Aspects considered include simplicity, transparency, anonymity, payment options, efficiency, flexibility, reliability, security, cost benefit analysis, modularity and compatibility with other systems. For the covering abstract see IRRD 869545.
Most economists agree that road pricing benefits society by curtailing congestion. Efficiency ana... more Most economists agree that road pricing benefits society by curtailing congestion. Efficiency analysis demonstrates why the public rejects congestion pricing. A dedicated road or transport fund is more viable when the road users are charged not only for the damage caused by heavy vehicles but also for congestion. PolicyRearchWoding PapsdismLataeth rmdings ofwoiprogrcsatncountgethccxchangeofideaunangB nkstaffand til othas iMacened in de-volopnelt tssues. Them papcgs cary the nanm of die autho, reflact ealy their views, znd shel be used and cited accordingly. hefindn.inu cprcsttion, andconduws aretheauthoz' own Tley should noto atttbutedtotheWeW d Bank, its Board of Directos, its managment, or any of its member counties.
This chapter on optimal integrated pricing in a bi-modal transportation network is one in a book ... more This chapter on optimal integrated pricing in a bi-modal transportation network is one in a book of essays published in honor of David Boyce for his contributions to the fields of transportation modeling and regional science. In this chapter, the authors investigated the relationship among the auto toll, transit fare, and subsidy scheme at a bi-modal network level. Transport pricing and transit subsidy are sought for optimal modal split under the assumption of a transit budget constraint. The authors introduce idiosyncratic modal utility for optimal transport pricing and explain how it differs from classical consumer behavior theory. The numerical results demonstrate that the independent determination of optimal congestion toll or transit fare is underestimated compared to that under the integrated system. The authors contend that a system optimum in terms of social welfare maximization can generally be achieved under marginal-cost pricing and an appropriate transit subsidy program. They conclude that it is desirable to link road pricing and public transport provision via the use of congestion charge revenue to subsidize or improve transit services for optimal modal split.
January 4-5, 1993. Comments by participants at these places are gratefully acknowledged. I have b... more January 4-5, 1993. Comments by participants at these places are gratefully acknowledged. I have benefitted from the discussions and comments of many people on the controversial subject of road pricing and I take this opportunity to thank
[206] Urban and Regional Economics IThe 87th Annual Conference of the Western Economic Associatio... more [206] Urban and Regional Economics IThe 87th Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association International (WEAI), San Francisco, CA., 29 June-3 July 2012
This paper discusses current transport policy in Hong Kong. The study's recommendations form ... more This paper discusses current transport policy in Hong Kong. The study's recommendations form the basis of the Hong Kong government's second Green Paper of Transport Policy. The policy options available and the recommended packages are reviewed. Draconian measures are being recommended in Hong Kong to reduce the use of cars and lorries. These include increased ownership taxes, increased fuel taxes, goods vehicle controls and electronic road pricing. However, despite clear economic advantages there is considerable political opposition to implementation.
... Downs' law says that whenever new expressways are built in metropolitan areas, crowded co... more ... Downs' law says that whenever new expressways are built in metropolitan areas, crowded conditions ... For public acceptability and softening of the system's full impact, a gradual introduction in ... system is used to electronically charge for road use, public on-street parking could in ...
The author considers the advantages of congestion charging and compares a number of systems in op... more The author considers the advantages of congestion charging and compares a number of systems in operation. Mechanisms compared imclude a) 24 hour manual toll collection, b) 24 hour electronic toll collection, c) cordon pricing with manual toll booths and a reserved lane, d) supplementary licensing, e) electronic road pricing with automatic vehicle identification (alone) and f) electronic road pricing with smart card-type AVI technology. Aspects considered include simplicity, transparency, anonymity, payment options, efficiency, flexibility, reliability, security, cost benefit analysis, modularity and compatibility with other systems. For the covering abstract see IRRD 869545.
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