Published in collaboration with the Institute of Development Studies, Helsinki (Finland)Available... more Published in collaboration with the Institute of Development Studies, Helsinki (Finland)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9349.834(108) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
United Nations Development Programme T he UN Millennium Development Goals address many dimensions... more United Nations Development Programme T he UN Millennium Development Goals address many dimensions of extreme poverty-including penury, hunger, disease, analfabetism and inadequate housingwhile promoting gender equality and environmental sustainability. Poverty reduction is the result of several interacting factors, including importantly: redistribution of incomes, assets, and opportunities; pro-poor economic growth; and social provision and protection. This issue of IPC's journal Poverty in Focus highlights the importance of social protection in the struggle against global poverty. Inequality reduction and pro-poor growth will be the theme of the next issue. Social protection aims to enhance the capacity of poor and vulnerable persons to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability and old age. Policy interventions can improve their well-being by, among other things, moderating the impact of shocks causing sharp reductions in their income or consumption. Social protection and provision can also enhance the productive capabilities of poor men and women, reducing poverty and inequality and stimulating pro-poor growth. Like other policy areas, social policies involve choices and priorities, for example between mere social safety nets and promotion of sustainable livelihoods, short term alleviation and long-term elimination of poverty, universal and targeted programmes, conditional and unconditional schemes, food and cash transfers, etc. Criteria must be set for selecting which households, and who within them, should receive the benefits. If schemes are conditional, then on what: participation in education, health, nutrition and/or work programmes? Is such participation by the poor and needy in fact constrained by demand or supply factors? Can institutional and management capacity cope effectively?
This paper reviews Finnish economic history during the “long” 20th century with a special emphasi... more This paper reviews Finnish economic history during the “long” 20th century with a special emphasis on policies for equity and growth. We argue that Finland developed from a poor, vulnerable and conflict-prone country to a modern economy in part through policies geared at both growth and equity, such as land reform and compulsory schooling. The state participated in economic activity both indirectly and directly in the post-war period, implementing many social policy reforms that facilitated the functioning of the labour market and led to greater equity. Centralised collective bargaining was just one of the many means through which central government intervened in the economy. Both the long-run growth record and the equality of different kinds of economic outcomes are fairly positive. This suggests that facilitating economic growth through such policies that further more equitable outcomes may at least in the case of Finland have met with some success. JEL Codes: J50, N33, N34, O52
A gradual but irreversible shift seems to be taking place in the politics and practice of global ... more A gradual but irreversible shift seems to be taking place in the politics and practice of global poverty reduction: from a monopolistic dominance of poverty economics towards multi-dimensional and multidisciplinary Global Social Policy, always tailored to the context.
Inequality is increasing both globally and loca the fragmentation of responses by Governme the po... more Inequality is increasing both globally and loca the fragmentation of responses by Governme the possibilities of reaching the broader community. A Roundtable of social and employment policy organizations and academia from the Global and innovative responses in light of the cases concluded that people-centered, from the invisible hands of the market. The experts recommend that Comprehensive priority as an essential component of balanc sustainable development. The broad vision of This publication is based on the Experts' in Kellokoski, Finland, at the invitation of the entitled "New Consensus on Comprehensive was drafted by the Expert's Meeting. Also Regional Social Policy " is included as an annex.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Published in collaboration with the Institute of Development Studies, Helsinki (Finland)Available... more Published in collaboration with the Institute of Development Studies, Helsinki (Finland)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9349.834(108) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
United Nations Development Programme T he UN Millennium Development Goals address many dimensions... more United Nations Development Programme T he UN Millennium Development Goals address many dimensions of extreme poverty-including penury, hunger, disease, analfabetism and inadequate housingwhile promoting gender equality and environmental sustainability. Poverty reduction is the result of several interacting factors, including importantly: redistribution of incomes, assets, and opportunities; pro-poor economic growth; and social provision and protection. This issue of IPC's journal Poverty in Focus highlights the importance of social protection in the struggle against global poverty. Inequality reduction and pro-poor growth will be the theme of the next issue. Social protection aims to enhance the capacity of poor and vulnerable persons to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability and old age. Policy interventions can improve their well-being by, among other things, moderating the impact of shocks causing sharp reductions in their income or consumption. Social protection and provision can also enhance the productive capabilities of poor men and women, reducing poverty and inequality and stimulating pro-poor growth. Like other policy areas, social policies involve choices and priorities, for example between mere social safety nets and promotion of sustainable livelihoods, short term alleviation and long-term elimination of poverty, universal and targeted programmes, conditional and unconditional schemes, food and cash transfers, etc. Criteria must be set for selecting which households, and who within them, should receive the benefits. If schemes are conditional, then on what: participation in education, health, nutrition and/or work programmes? Is such participation by the poor and needy in fact constrained by demand or supply factors? Can institutional and management capacity cope effectively?
This paper reviews Finnish economic history during the “long” 20th century with a special emphasi... more This paper reviews Finnish economic history during the “long” 20th century with a special emphasis on policies for equity and growth. We argue that Finland developed from a poor, vulnerable and conflict-prone country to a modern economy in part through policies geared at both growth and equity, such as land reform and compulsory schooling. The state participated in economic activity both indirectly and directly in the post-war period, implementing many social policy reforms that facilitated the functioning of the labour market and led to greater equity. Centralised collective bargaining was just one of the many means through which central government intervened in the economy. Both the long-run growth record and the equality of different kinds of economic outcomes are fairly positive. This suggests that facilitating economic growth through such policies that further more equitable outcomes may at least in the case of Finland have met with some success. JEL Codes: J50, N33, N34, O52
A gradual but irreversible shift seems to be taking place in the politics and practice of global ... more A gradual but irreversible shift seems to be taking place in the politics and practice of global poverty reduction: from a monopolistic dominance of poverty economics towards multi-dimensional and multidisciplinary Global Social Policy, always tailored to the context.
Inequality is increasing both globally and loca the fragmentation of responses by Governme the po... more Inequality is increasing both globally and loca the fragmentation of responses by Governme the possibilities of reaching the broader community. A Roundtable of social and employment policy organizations and academia from the Global and innovative responses in light of the cases concluded that people-centered, from the invisible hands of the market. The experts recommend that Comprehensive priority as an essential component of balanc sustainable development. The broad vision of This publication is based on the Experts' in Kellokoski, Finland, at the invitation of the entitled "New Consensus on Comprehensive was drafted by the Expert's Meeting. Also Regional Social Policy " is included as an annex.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
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