ZusammenfassungDie Philosophie lässt sich nicht nur als eine Nachbardisziplin, sondern auch als e... more ZusammenfassungDie Philosophie lässt sich nicht nur als eine Nachbardisziplin, sondern auch als eine Grundlagenwissenschaft für die Psychiatrie auffassen, deren Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren national und international stark zugenommen hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt drei grundlegende Aufgaben dar, die die Philosophie in der Psychiatrie erfüllen kann: 1. Klärung der psychiatrischen Grundbegriffe; 2. Methoden- und Paradigmenreflexion; 3. Grundlegung psychiatrischer Konzeptionen. Schließlich werden die speziellen Themen des 1. Leib-Seele-Problems, 2. des Ursachenbegriffs, 3. des Krankheitsbegriffs und 4. der Subjektivität erörtert.
Within the German project SUGAR - Submarine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs, a new tool for the 3D predict... more Within the German project SUGAR - Submarine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs, a new tool for the 3D prediction of gas hydrate accumulations has been developed and included in the commercial petroleum systems modelling software PetroMod. This new tool calculates the evolution of the stability of gas hydrates as a function of P and T over time. It also includes the kinetics for methane hydrate formation, as well as a new kinetic formulation for the degradation of organic carbon at low temperature, specially designed for marine settings. The tool considers the specific thermal conditions of permafrost, as well as the permeability reduction due to its formation. With the aim of calibrating the new tool and testing its validity, we have used the available model of the Alaska North Slope, originally developed by the USGS and AaTC-Schlumberger (formerly IES). The model so far predicts correctly the extension and evolution of the GHSZ in relation with the development of the permafrost conditions in A...
2007 5th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2007
Security is an intense discussed topic for industrial automation networks. This article will give... more Security is an intense discussed topic for industrial automation networks. This article will give an overview for security relevant considerations. The foundation of the network security is the analysis of the communication relations. Typical communication scenarios are listed with their constraints and characteristics. This paper will propose a first approach for a structured methodology to classify communications to be able to deduce security relevant use cases and proper methods.
There is a growing body of research indicating that bodily sensation and behavior strongly influe... more There is a growing body of research indicating that bodily sensation and behavior strongly influences one's emotional reaction toward certain situations or objects. On this background, a framework model of embodied affectivity 1 is suggested: we regard emotions as resulting from the circular interaction between affective qualities or affordances in the environment and the subject's bodily resonance, be it in the form of sensations, postures, expressive movements or movement tendencies. Motion and emotion are thus intrinsically connected: one is moved by movement (perception; impression; affection 2) and moved to move (action; expression; emotion). Through its resonance, the body functions as a medium of emotional perception: it colors or charges self-experience and the environment with affective valences while it remains itself in the background of one's own awareness. This model is then applied to emotional social understanding or interaffectivity which is regarded as an intertwinement of two cycles of embodied affectivity, thus continuously modifying each partner's affective affordances and bodily resonance. We conclude with considerations of how embodied affectivity is altered in psychopathology and can be addressed in psychotherapy of the embodied self.
A large proportion of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies in older children, adolescen... more A large proportion of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies in older children, adolescents and adults are caused by cross-reactive allergenic structures. Primary sensitization is most commonly to inhalant allergens (e.g. Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen). IgE can be activated by various cross-reactive allergens and lead to a variety of clinical manifestations. In general, local and mild-in rare cases also severe and systemic-reactions occur directly a er consumption of the food containing the cross-reactive allergen (e. g. plant-derived foods containing proteins of the Bet v 1 family). In clinical practice, sensitization to the primary responsible inhalant and/or food allergen can be detected by skin prick tests and/or in vitro detection of speci c IgE. Component-based diagnostic methods can support clinical diagnosis. For individual allergens, these methods may be helpful to estimate the risk of systemic reactions. Con rmation of sensitization by oral provocation testing is important particulary in the case of unclear case history. New, as yet unrecognized allergens can also cause cross-reactions. e therapeutic potential of speci c immunotherapy (SIT) with inhalant allergens and their e ect on pollenassociated food allergies is currently unclear: results vary and placebo-controlled trials will be necessary in the future. Pollen allergies are very common. A ltogether allergic sensitization to pollen and cross-reactive food allergens are very common in our latitudes. e actual relevance has to be assessed on an individual basis using the clinical information.
Recent years have seen the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field called embodied or enactive... more Recent years have seen the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field called embodied or enactive cognitive science. Whereas traditional representationalism rests on a fixed inside-outside distinction, the embodied cognition perspective views mind and brain as a biological system that is rooted in body experience and interaction with other individuals. Embodiment refers to both the embedding of cognitive processes in brain circuitry and to the origin of these processes in an organism's sensory-motor experience. Thus, action and perception are no longer interpreted in terms of the classic physical-mental dichotomy, but rather as closely interlinked. This paper describes the cycles of brain-organism interaction, of sensory-motor interaction with the environment and of embodied interaction with others. The brain is then interpreted as an organ of modulation and transformation that mediates the cycles of organism-environment interaction. Finally, consequences of the embodied and enactive approach for psychiatry are pointed out, in particular for a circular concept of mental illness. Zusammenfassung Im letzten Jahrzehnt hat sich die ''embodied'' oder ,,enactive cognitive science'' als ein neues, interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet etabliert. Während der herkömmliche Repräsentationalismus auf einer grundsätzlichen Innen-Außen-Unterscheidung beruht, betrachtet der Ansatz der ,,embodied cognition'' Geist und Gehirn als ein biologisches System, das in der körperlichen Erfahrung und Interaktion mit anderen Individuen begründet ist. Der Begriff der Verkörperung bezieht sich dabei sowohl auf die Einbettung kognitiver Prozesse in neuronale Netzwerke also auch auf den Ursprung dieser Prozesse in der sensomotorischen Erfahrung eines lebendigen Organismus. Handeln und Wahrnehmen werden nicht mehr im Rahmen der klassischen Trennung von Mentalem und Physischem,
Ultrasonic vocalization at 55 kHz (55 kHz-USVs) by rodents has been proposed to be a behavioral m... more Ultrasonic vocalization at 55 kHz (55 kHz-USVs) by rodents has been proposed to be a behavioral manifestation of affectively positive incentive motivation. To examine the extent to which 55 kHz-USV emissions correlate with cocaine-induced locomotor activity, we measured cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USVs and their relationship to cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. We demonstrate that similar to locomotor responses, 55 kHz-USVs are also sensitized by exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USV sensitization is positively correlated with that of locomotor sensitization. Moreover, we demonstrate that rats selectively bred for high rates of 55 kHz-USVs exhibit higher levels of cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USV sensitization than animals selectively bred for low levels of 55 kHz USVs. These results suggest that the neural circuits underlying 55 kHz-USV, which may directly reflect affective experience/motivation, can be sensitized by cocaine in a way that resembles locomotor sensitization.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2006
The variola virus was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980 but human infe... more The variola virus was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980 but human infections by cowpox virus, another member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, are still observed, mainly in European countries. We report a woman who presented with two umbilicated vesicles surrounded by an indurated erythematous edema within cat scratch injuries on her thigh. The diagnosis of an Orthopoxvirus infection was based on the visualization of characteristic virus particles by electron microscopy and the detection of the A27L gene (14-kd fusion protein gene) of the genus Orthopoxvirus by polymerase chain reaction from a lesional skin biopsy specimen. Differential diagnoses of cat scratch disease, pustula maligna, and bullous impetigo were excluded by microbiologic investigation of the biopsy specimen. Both lesions scarred after 6 weeks of a continuous local antiseptic treatment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs frequently in children. Patch testing is needed to identify th... more Allergic contact dermatitis occurs frequently in children. Patch testing is needed to identify the responsible allergens and should be performed in children. We recommend a panel of 12 contact allergens as a standard series in children from 6-12 years. Four additional contact allergens should be tested in case of a positive history or suggestive clinical picture. For patch testing in children, the allergens should be applied for 24 hours and the readings should be performed at 48 and 72 hours. Standardized patch testing makes it possible to systematically investigate allergic contact dermatitis and identify relevant allergens in children. Conflict of interest None.
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2008
SummarySkin testing has a central role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Prick testing is well‐ e... more SummarySkin testing has a central role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Prick testing is well‐ established as a routine diagnostic tool. Nonetheless, unstable allergens and the lack of standardized extracts create difficulties in the identification of sensitization to foods in patients with suspected food allergy. Therefore prick‐to‐prick tests with native (raw, fresh) foods are still recommended. The indications and contraindications are the same as those of routine skin testing in clinical allergology. We recommend a careful and restricted application of skin tests in patients with a history of severe anaphylaxis to foods.
Intensive lymph node involvement indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The signific... more Intensive lymph node involvement indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The significance of other molecular prognostic factors in this subgroup is unclear. Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) has been reported as an important factor of tumorgenesis and progression of breast cancer. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of KPNA2 expression on prognosis of patients with high risk breast cancer (HRBC) and response intensive chemotherapy within the randomized WSG‐AM‐01 trial. KPNA2 nuclear expression (>10% vs. <10% of nuclei) was measured by immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays of 191 patients randomized to tandem high dose vs. conventional dose‐dense chemotherapy in HRBC with >9 positive lymph nodes and correlated with clinical outcome (median follow‐up of 63.3 months) by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox hazard model analysis, including, molecular subtypes determined by k‐clustering (k = 5). KPNA2 overexpression (n = 74, 39%) significantly correlated with short...
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1999
Background: The causes for sudden infant death (SID) remain unclear. As infants can become sensit... more Background: The causes for sudden infant death (SID) remain unclear. As infants can become sensitized to NRL allergens by pacifiers and latex mattresses, we tried to establish whether there is a relationship between SID and natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy. Methods: We determined NRL–specific IgE concentrations in 112 unselected cases of SID by the CAP–FEIA method. Results: NRL–specific IgE could be detected only in 1 sample (0.64 kU/l; CAP class 1). Conclusions: We conclude that NRL allergy is not a cause of SID.
We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in manifestly Lor... more We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory with vector mesons as explicit degrees of freedom. A systematic power counting for the renormalized diagrams is implemented using both the extended on-mass-shell renormalization scheme and the reformulated version of infrared regularization. We analyze the electric and magnetic Sachs form factors, G E and G M , and compare our results with the existing data. The inclusion of vector mesons results in a considerably improved description of the form factors. We observe that the most dominant contributions come from tree-level diagrams, while loop corrections with internal vector meson lines are small.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1994
Biographical information was collected on 60 patients suffering from late-onset (&gt; 50 year... more Biographical information was collected on 60 patients suffering from late-onset (&gt; 50 years) paranoid psychosis (with and without hallucinations), 38 by chart review and 22 by personal examination. Of the patients 28 (47%) had been war refugees expelled from the eastern territories that Germany lost after World War II. This is more than twice the rate of the Bavarian general population. The onset of paranoid symptoms was usually 3 or 4 decades after immigration into western Germany. Among patients with Alzheimer&#39;s disease and with endogenous depression the proportion of former war refugees was significantly lower (22% each). The possible relevance of early uprooting and expulsion to the development of late-life paranoid psychosis is examined.
ZusammenfassungDie Philosophie lässt sich nicht nur als eine Nachbardisziplin, sondern auch als e... more ZusammenfassungDie Philosophie lässt sich nicht nur als eine Nachbardisziplin, sondern auch als eine Grundlagenwissenschaft für die Psychiatrie auffassen, deren Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren national und international stark zugenommen hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt drei grundlegende Aufgaben dar, die die Philosophie in der Psychiatrie erfüllen kann: 1. Klärung der psychiatrischen Grundbegriffe; 2. Methoden- und Paradigmenreflexion; 3. Grundlegung psychiatrischer Konzeptionen. Schließlich werden die speziellen Themen des 1. Leib-Seele-Problems, 2. des Ursachenbegriffs, 3. des Krankheitsbegriffs und 4. der Subjektivität erörtert.
Within the German project SUGAR - Submarine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs, a new tool for the 3D predict... more Within the German project SUGAR - Submarine Gas Hydrate Reservoirs, a new tool for the 3D prediction of gas hydrate accumulations has been developed and included in the commercial petroleum systems modelling software PetroMod. This new tool calculates the evolution of the stability of gas hydrates as a function of P and T over time. It also includes the kinetics for methane hydrate formation, as well as a new kinetic formulation for the degradation of organic carbon at low temperature, specially designed for marine settings. The tool considers the specific thermal conditions of permafrost, as well as the permeability reduction due to its formation. With the aim of calibrating the new tool and testing its validity, we have used the available model of the Alaska North Slope, originally developed by the USGS and AaTC-Schlumberger (formerly IES). The model so far predicts correctly the extension and evolution of the GHSZ in relation with the development of the permafrost conditions in A...
2007 5th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2007
Security is an intense discussed topic for industrial automation networks. This article will give... more Security is an intense discussed topic for industrial automation networks. This article will give an overview for security relevant considerations. The foundation of the network security is the analysis of the communication relations. Typical communication scenarios are listed with their constraints and characteristics. This paper will propose a first approach for a structured methodology to classify communications to be able to deduce security relevant use cases and proper methods.
There is a growing body of research indicating that bodily sensation and behavior strongly influe... more There is a growing body of research indicating that bodily sensation and behavior strongly influences one's emotional reaction toward certain situations or objects. On this background, a framework model of embodied affectivity 1 is suggested: we regard emotions as resulting from the circular interaction between affective qualities or affordances in the environment and the subject's bodily resonance, be it in the form of sensations, postures, expressive movements or movement tendencies. Motion and emotion are thus intrinsically connected: one is moved by movement (perception; impression; affection 2) and moved to move (action; expression; emotion). Through its resonance, the body functions as a medium of emotional perception: it colors or charges self-experience and the environment with affective valences while it remains itself in the background of one's own awareness. This model is then applied to emotional social understanding or interaffectivity which is regarded as an intertwinement of two cycles of embodied affectivity, thus continuously modifying each partner's affective affordances and bodily resonance. We conclude with considerations of how embodied affectivity is altered in psychopathology and can be addressed in psychotherapy of the embodied self.
A large proportion of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies in older children, adolescen... more A large proportion of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies in older children, adolescents and adults are caused by cross-reactive allergenic structures. Primary sensitization is most commonly to inhalant allergens (e.g. Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen). IgE can be activated by various cross-reactive allergens and lead to a variety of clinical manifestations. In general, local and mild-in rare cases also severe and systemic-reactions occur directly a er consumption of the food containing the cross-reactive allergen (e. g. plant-derived foods containing proteins of the Bet v 1 family). In clinical practice, sensitization to the primary responsible inhalant and/or food allergen can be detected by skin prick tests and/or in vitro detection of speci c IgE. Component-based diagnostic methods can support clinical diagnosis. For individual allergens, these methods may be helpful to estimate the risk of systemic reactions. Con rmation of sensitization by oral provocation testing is important particulary in the case of unclear case history. New, as yet unrecognized allergens can also cause cross-reactions. e therapeutic potential of speci c immunotherapy (SIT) with inhalant allergens and their e ect on pollenassociated food allergies is currently unclear: results vary and placebo-controlled trials will be necessary in the future. Pollen allergies are very common. A ltogether allergic sensitization to pollen and cross-reactive food allergens are very common in our latitudes. e actual relevance has to be assessed on an individual basis using the clinical information.
Recent years have seen the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field called embodied or enactive... more Recent years have seen the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field called embodied or enactive cognitive science. Whereas traditional representationalism rests on a fixed inside-outside distinction, the embodied cognition perspective views mind and brain as a biological system that is rooted in body experience and interaction with other individuals. Embodiment refers to both the embedding of cognitive processes in brain circuitry and to the origin of these processes in an organism's sensory-motor experience. Thus, action and perception are no longer interpreted in terms of the classic physical-mental dichotomy, but rather as closely interlinked. This paper describes the cycles of brain-organism interaction, of sensory-motor interaction with the environment and of embodied interaction with others. The brain is then interpreted as an organ of modulation and transformation that mediates the cycles of organism-environment interaction. Finally, consequences of the embodied and enactive approach for psychiatry are pointed out, in particular for a circular concept of mental illness. Zusammenfassung Im letzten Jahrzehnt hat sich die ''embodied'' oder ,,enactive cognitive science'' als ein neues, interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet etabliert. Während der herkömmliche Repräsentationalismus auf einer grundsätzlichen Innen-Außen-Unterscheidung beruht, betrachtet der Ansatz der ,,embodied cognition'' Geist und Gehirn als ein biologisches System, das in der körperlichen Erfahrung und Interaktion mit anderen Individuen begründet ist. Der Begriff der Verkörperung bezieht sich dabei sowohl auf die Einbettung kognitiver Prozesse in neuronale Netzwerke also auch auf den Ursprung dieser Prozesse in der sensomotorischen Erfahrung eines lebendigen Organismus. Handeln und Wahrnehmen werden nicht mehr im Rahmen der klassischen Trennung von Mentalem und Physischem,
Ultrasonic vocalization at 55 kHz (55 kHz-USVs) by rodents has been proposed to be a behavioral m... more Ultrasonic vocalization at 55 kHz (55 kHz-USVs) by rodents has been proposed to be a behavioral manifestation of affectively positive incentive motivation. To examine the extent to which 55 kHz-USV emissions correlate with cocaine-induced locomotor activity, we measured cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USVs and their relationship to cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. We demonstrate that similar to locomotor responses, 55 kHz-USVs are also sensitized by exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USV sensitization is positively correlated with that of locomotor sensitization. Moreover, we demonstrate that rats selectively bred for high rates of 55 kHz-USVs exhibit higher levels of cocaine-induced 55 kHz-USV sensitization than animals selectively bred for low levels of 55 kHz USVs. These results suggest that the neural circuits underlying 55 kHz-USV, which may directly reflect affective experience/motivation, can be sensitized by cocaine in a way that resembles locomotor sensitization.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2006
The variola virus was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980 but human infe... more The variola virus was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980 but human infections by cowpox virus, another member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, are still observed, mainly in European countries. We report a woman who presented with two umbilicated vesicles surrounded by an indurated erythematous edema within cat scratch injuries on her thigh. The diagnosis of an Orthopoxvirus infection was based on the visualization of characteristic virus particles by electron microscopy and the detection of the A27L gene (14-kd fusion protein gene) of the genus Orthopoxvirus by polymerase chain reaction from a lesional skin biopsy specimen. Differential diagnoses of cat scratch disease, pustula maligna, and bullous impetigo were excluded by microbiologic investigation of the biopsy specimen. Both lesions scarred after 6 weeks of a continuous local antiseptic treatment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs frequently in children. Patch testing is needed to identify th... more Allergic contact dermatitis occurs frequently in children. Patch testing is needed to identify the responsible allergens and should be performed in children. We recommend a panel of 12 contact allergens as a standard series in children from 6-12 years. Four additional contact allergens should be tested in case of a positive history or suggestive clinical picture. For patch testing in children, the allergens should be applied for 24 hours and the readings should be performed at 48 and 72 hours. Standardized patch testing makes it possible to systematically investigate allergic contact dermatitis and identify relevant allergens in children. Conflict of interest None.
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2008
SummarySkin testing has a central role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Prick testing is well‐ e... more SummarySkin testing has a central role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Prick testing is well‐ established as a routine diagnostic tool. Nonetheless, unstable allergens and the lack of standardized extracts create difficulties in the identification of sensitization to foods in patients with suspected food allergy. Therefore prick‐to‐prick tests with native (raw, fresh) foods are still recommended. The indications and contraindications are the same as those of routine skin testing in clinical allergology. We recommend a careful and restricted application of skin tests in patients with a history of severe anaphylaxis to foods.
Intensive lymph node involvement indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The signific... more Intensive lymph node involvement indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The significance of other molecular prognostic factors in this subgroup is unclear. Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) has been reported as an important factor of tumorgenesis and progression of breast cancer. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of KPNA2 expression on prognosis of patients with high risk breast cancer (HRBC) and response intensive chemotherapy within the randomized WSG‐AM‐01 trial. KPNA2 nuclear expression (>10% vs. <10% of nuclei) was measured by immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays of 191 patients randomized to tandem high dose vs. conventional dose‐dense chemotherapy in HRBC with >9 positive lymph nodes and correlated with clinical outcome (median follow‐up of 63.3 months) by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox hazard model analysis, including, molecular subtypes determined by k‐clustering (k = 5). KPNA2 overexpression (n = 74, 39%) significantly correlated with short...
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1999
Background: The causes for sudden infant death (SID) remain unclear. As infants can become sensit... more Background: The causes for sudden infant death (SID) remain unclear. As infants can become sensitized to NRL allergens by pacifiers and latex mattresses, we tried to establish whether there is a relationship between SID and natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy. Methods: We determined NRL–specific IgE concentrations in 112 unselected cases of SID by the CAP–FEIA method. Results: NRL–specific IgE could be detected only in 1 sample (0.64 kU/l; CAP class 1). Conclusions: We conclude that NRL allergy is not a cause of SID.
We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in manifestly Lor... more We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory with vector mesons as explicit degrees of freedom. A systematic power counting for the renormalized diagrams is implemented using both the extended on-mass-shell renormalization scheme and the reformulated version of infrared regularization. We analyze the electric and magnetic Sachs form factors, G E and G M , and compare our results with the existing data. The inclusion of vector mesons results in a considerably improved description of the form factors. We observe that the most dominant contributions come from tree-level diagrams, while loop corrections with internal vector meson lines are small.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1994
Biographical information was collected on 60 patients suffering from late-onset (&gt; 50 year... more Biographical information was collected on 60 patients suffering from late-onset (&gt; 50 years) paranoid psychosis (with and without hallucinations), 38 by chart review and 22 by personal examination. Of the patients 28 (47%) had been war refugees expelled from the eastern territories that Germany lost after World War II. This is more than twice the rate of the Bavarian general population. The onset of paranoid symptoms was usually 3 or 4 decades after immigration into western Germany. Among patients with Alzheimer&#39;s disease and with endogenous depression the proportion of former war refugees was significantly lower (22% each). The possible relevance of early uprooting and expulsion to the development of late-life paranoid psychosis is examined.
Uploads
Papers by Thomas Fuchs