Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nat... more Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. The study was done in the montane rain forest with the altitude of 1530-2010 m a.s.l. The results showed seven species of plants was selected by cuscus as their nesting site and 41 species of plants as their feed resources. Parts of the plants being consumed were young leaves, flower, and fruit. Their habitat was damaged caused by exploitation of the forest. Meanwhile, hunting pressure by local people to provide their meat supply threatens the existence of cuscuses.
Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we ha... more Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we have left to document it. Despite over 200 years of scientific plant exploration, many plant species have yet to be discovered. Moreover, we still have a very poor understanding of the distribution of known taxa in this biogeographically complex region. We review the current state of biodiversity exploration, using plants in Indonesia as an example. Traditional methods of collecting and describing species have provided a solid foundation for our understanding of plant biodiversity, but are insufficient for the pragmatic task of rapidly discovering and documenting today's biodiversity before it is gone, because general collecting expeditions tend to be infrequent, and documentation of most new species must await taxonomic revisions many years in the future. Solutions to this exploration and documentation crisis (i) could use the abundant resource of enthusiastic, networked, national biology students, (ii) should employ biodiversity informatics tools to efficiently engage both specialists and parataxonomists, and (iii) might require adoption of new types of a-taxonomy, utilizing increasingly low-cost molecular methods and high resolution photographs. We describe emerging technologies that will facilitate this Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality tim... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, on the basis of morphological characters, Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre with Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This paper reassesses the generic delimitation of Pouteria and its affinities with Planchonella from molecular data generated from the nuclearencoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The analysis includes 22 Planchonella species and three Pouteria species sensu van Royen collected from Malesia and Australia, and seven additional Planchonella species from New Caledonia with molecular data available from GenBank. Other genera from Sapotaceae included in the analysis were Chrysophyllum, Niemeyera, Pichonia, Pycnandra and Xantolis (tribe Chrysophylleae) and Mimusops, Palaquium and Manilkara (outgroups from other tribes). The resulting ITS cladograms from both Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses indicated that Malesian and Australasian Pouteria species are not monophyletic and comprise three separate lineages, therefore providing evidence against the broad circumscription of this genus by Pennington. Tertiary leaf venation type (reticulate, parallel or ramified), when mapped onto the phylogeny, correlated with these groupings, indicating that this character is taxonomically informative.
Biologi-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), untuk menerbitkan hasil karyapenelitian (origi... more Biologi-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), untuk menerbitkan hasil karyapenelitian (original research) dan karya-pengembangan, tinjauan kembali (review) dan ulasan topik khusus dalam bidang biologi. Disediakan pula ruang untuk menguraikan seluk-beluk peralatan laboratorium yang spesifik dan dipakai secara umum, standard dan secara internasional. Juga uraian tentang metode-metode berstandar baku dalam bidang biologi, baik laboratorium, lapangan maupun pengolahan koleksi biodiversitas. Kesempatan menulis terbuka untuk umum meliputi para peneliti lembaga riset, pengajar perguruan tinggi maupun pekarya-tesis sarjana semua strata. Makalah harus dipersiapkan dengan beipedoman pada ketentuan-ketentuan penulisan yang tercantum dalam setiap nomor. Diterbitkan 3 kali dalam setahun yakni bulan April, Agustus dan Desember. Setiap volume terdiri dari 6 nomor.
The advent of the DNA sequencing age has led to a revolution in biology. The rapid and cost-effec... more The advent of the DNA sequencing age has led to a revolution in biology. The rapid and cost-effective generation of high-quality sequence data has transformed many fields, including those focused on discovering species and surveying biodiversity, monitoring movement of biological materials, forensic biology, and disease diagnostics. There is a need to build capacity to generate useful sequence data in countries with limited historical access to laboratory resources, so that researchers can benefit from the advantages offered by these data. Commonly used molecular techniques such as DNA extraction, PCR, and DNA sequencing are within the reach of small laboratories in many countries, with the main obstacles to successful implementation being lack of funding and limited practical experience. Here we describe a successful approach that we developed to obtain DNA sequence data during a small DNA barcoding project in Indonesia.
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pan-tropical group and many of its species produce high quality ti... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pan-tropical group and many of its species produce high quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, based on morphological characters Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre into Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This study has examined relationships amongst genera in the tribe Chrysophylleae and infrageneric relationships of the species of genus Pouteria in Malesia and Australasia within a phylogenetic framework. The hypotheses of monophyly of genus Pouteria and tribe Chrysophylleae have been tested using DNA sequences drawn from two genes (nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhV), and 64 morphological characters scored from vegetative and reproductive organs. The analysis included 47 representative species in genus Pouteria in Malesia and Australasia that were previously cla...
Vegetation analysis of trees in Harapan Rainforest, PT.REKI, Jambi, was conducted on October-Nove... more Vegetation analysis of trees in Harapan Rainforest, PT.REKI, Jambi, was conducted on October-November 2009. Two 50m x 100m (0,5 ha) plots were established to obtain primary data for analysis. Plot one was made in the area of Medium Secondary Forest and plot two in the area of High Secondary Forest. Results shows that, the number of tree species were recorded from the two plots was 205 species from 550 individual trees with a total Basal Area (BA)= 64.75 m2. Plot one has 123 species from 284 individuals with BA = 10.82 m2 and Diversity Index (H')= -1.87. Bellucia axinanthera was recorded as the dominant species with Importance Value (IV)= 37.21%. Meanwhile, plot two has 126 species from 266 individuals with BA= 53.93 m2 and (H')= -1.97. Shorea acuminata was recorded as the dominant species with IV= 12.93%. Plot two (High Secunder Forest) has higher diversity of tree species than plot one (Medium Secunder Forest).The structure and composition of vegetation between plot one and...
Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is estimated to be the home of 9.5% flo... more Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is estimated to be the home of 9.5% flowering plant species, making it the seventh country with the highest biodiversity. Plant data collection is necessary to ascertain the level of plant biodiversity, as such data help in conservation efforts and long-term management. One of the methods applied is the collection of plants, with the purpose to acquire as much data about its biological resources. The collected specimen are then gathered and processed into a herbarium to be used as an information source in managing biological resources. Unfortunately, there are some difficulties related to the making and management of a herbarium. Digital herbarium are one of the potential solutions to the limitations of the traditional herbarium. It is a collection of plant pictures, replete with every step of productivity (leaf, flower, fruit) and the main characteristics of the plant species. It is an effective method for the identification...
Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycine... more Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga of Pandanaceae had been undertaken to unravel generic relationship among of these taxa with a view to provide a set of diagnostic characters for taxonomic identification. The fourth genus of Pandanaceae, Benstonea is not included in this analysis since there are no representative samples. Four anatomical diagnostic characters had been identified at the generic level such as present and absent of papillae, stomatal arrangement types, present and absent of bundle sheath extension and hypodermal thickness and its shape. Pandanus has papillae, amphistomatous stomata, bundle sheath extension present and hypodermis thin and rectangular; Freycinetia lacked of papillae, stomata hypostomatous or amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thick and hexagonal or rounded; meanwhile Sararanga has no papillae, stomata amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent ...
Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we ha... more Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we have left to document it. Despite over 200 years of scientific plant exploration, many plant species have yet to be discovered. Moreover, we still have a very poor understanding of the distribution of known taxa in this biogeographically complex region. We review the current state of biodiversity exploration, using plants in Indonesia as an example. Traditional methods of collecting and describing species have provided a solid foundation for our understanding of plant biodiversity, but are insufficient for the pragmatic task of rapidly discovering and documenting today's biodiversity before it is gone, because general collecting expeditions tend to be infrequent, and documentation of most new species must await taxonomic revisions many years in the future. Solutions to this exploration and documentation crisis (i) could use the abundant resource of enthusiastic, networked, national biology students, (ii) should employ biodiversity informatics tools to efficiently engage both specialists and parataxonomists, and (iii) might require adoption of new types of a-taxonomy, utilizing increasingly low-cost molecular methods and high resolution photographs. We describe emerging technologies that will facilitate this Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality tim... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, on the basis of morphological characters, Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre with Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This paper re-assesses the generic delimitation of Pouteria and its affinities with Planchonella from molecular data generated from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The analysis includes 22 Planchonella species and three Pouteria species sensu van Royen collected from Malesia and Australia, and seven additional Planchonella species from New Caledonia with molecular data available from GenBank. Other genera from Sapotaceae included in the analysis were Chrysophyllum, Niemeyera, Pichonia, Pycnandra and Xantolis (tribe Chrysophy...
Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nat... more Research on feed plants selection and nesting site of cuscus (Phalanger sp.) was conducted in Nature Reserve of Gunung Mutis, West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara. The study was done in the montane rain forest with the altitude of 1530-2010 m a.s.l. The results showed seven species of plants was selected by cuscus as their nesting site and 41 species of plants as their feed resources. Parts of the plants being consumed were young leaves, flower, and fruit. Their habitat was damaged caused by exploitation of the forest. Meanwhile, hunting pressure by local people to provide their meat supply threatens the existence of cuscuses.
Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we ha... more Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we have left to document it. Despite over 200 years of scientific plant exploration, many plant species have yet to be discovered. Moreover, we still have a very poor understanding of the distribution of known taxa in this biogeographically complex region. We review the current state of biodiversity exploration, using plants in Indonesia as an example. Traditional methods of collecting and describing species have provided a solid foundation for our understanding of plant biodiversity, but are insufficient for the pragmatic task of rapidly discovering and documenting today's biodiversity before it is gone, because general collecting expeditions tend to be infrequent, and documentation of most new species must await taxonomic revisions many years in the future. Solutions to this exploration and documentation crisis (i) could use the abundant resource of enthusiastic, networked, national biology students, (ii) should employ biodiversity informatics tools to efficiently engage both specialists and parataxonomists, and (iii) might require adoption of new types of a-taxonomy, utilizing increasingly low-cost molecular methods and high resolution photographs. We describe emerging technologies that will facilitate this Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality tim... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, on the basis of morphological characters, Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre with Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This paper reassesses the generic delimitation of Pouteria and its affinities with Planchonella from molecular data generated from the nuclearencoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The analysis includes 22 Planchonella species and three Pouteria species sensu van Royen collected from Malesia and Australia, and seven additional Planchonella species from New Caledonia with molecular data available from GenBank. Other genera from Sapotaceae included in the analysis were Chrysophyllum, Niemeyera, Pichonia, Pycnandra and Xantolis (tribe Chrysophylleae) and Mimusops, Palaquium and Manilkara (outgroups from other tribes). The resulting ITS cladograms from both Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses indicated that Malesian and Australasian Pouteria species are not monophyletic and comprise three separate lineages, therefore providing evidence against the broad circumscription of this genus by Pennington. Tertiary leaf venation type (reticulate, parallel or ramified), when mapped onto the phylogeny, correlated with these groupings, indicating that this character is taxonomically informative.
Biologi-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), untuk menerbitkan hasil karyapenelitian (origi... more Biologi-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), untuk menerbitkan hasil karyapenelitian (original research) dan karya-pengembangan, tinjauan kembali (review) dan ulasan topik khusus dalam bidang biologi. Disediakan pula ruang untuk menguraikan seluk-beluk peralatan laboratorium yang spesifik dan dipakai secara umum, standard dan secara internasional. Juga uraian tentang metode-metode berstandar baku dalam bidang biologi, baik laboratorium, lapangan maupun pengolahan koleksi biodiversitas. Kesempatan menulis terbuka untuk umum meliputi para peneliti lembaga riset, pengajar perguruan tinggi maupun pekarya-tesis sarjana semua strata. Makalah harus dipersiapkan dengan beipedoman pada ketentuan-ketentuan penulisan yang tercantum dalam setiap nomor. Diterbitkan 3 kali dalam setahun yakni bulan April, Agustus dan Desember. Setiap volume terdiri dari 6 nomor.
The advent of the DNA sequencing age has led to a revolution in biology. The rapid and cost-effec... more The advent of the DNA sequencing age has led to a revolution in biology. The rapid and cost-effective generation of high-quality sequence data has transformed many fields, including those focused on discovering species and surveying biodiversity, monitoring movement of biological materials, forensic biology, and disease diagnostics. There is a need to build capacity to generate useful sequence data in countries with limited historical access to laboratory resources, so that researchers can benefit from the advantages offered by these data. Commonly used molecular techniques such as DNA extraction, PCR, and DNA sequencing are within the reach of small laboratories in many countries, with the main obstacles to successful implementation being lack of funding and limited practical experience. Here we describe a successful approach that we developed to obtain DNA sequence data during a small DNA barcoding project in Indonesia.
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pan-tropical group and many of its species produce high quality ti... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pan-tropical group and many of its species produce high quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, based on morphological characters Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre into Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This study has examined relationships amongst genera in the tribe Chrysophylleae and infrageneric relationships of the species of genus Pouteria in Malesia and Australasia within a phylogenetic framework. The hypotheses of monophyly of genus Pouteria and tribe Chrysophylleae have been tested using DNA sequences drawn from two genes (nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhV), and 64 morphological characters scored from vegetative and reproductive organs. The analysis included 47 representative species in genus Pouteria in Malesia and Australasia that were previously cla...
Vegetation analysis of trees in Harapan Rainforest, PT.REKI, Jambi, was conducted on October-Nove... more Vegetation analysis of trees in Harapan Rainforest, PT.REKI, Jambi, was conducted on October-November 2009. Two 50m x 100m (0,5 ha) plots were established to obtain primary data for analysis. Plot one was made in the area of Medium Secondary Forest and plot two in the area of High Secondary Forest. Results shows that, the number of tree species were recorded from the two plots was 205 species from 550 individual trees with a total Basal Area (BA)= 64.75 m2. Plot one has 123 species from 284 individuals with BA = 10.82 m2 and Diversity Index (H')= -1.87. Bellucia axinanthera was recorded as the dominant species with Importance Value (IV)= 37.21%. Meanwhile, plot two has 126 species from 266 individuals with BA= 53.93 m2 and (H')= -1.97. Shorea acuminata was recorded as the dominant species with IV= 12.93%. Plot two (High Secunder Forest) has higher diversity of tree species than plot one (Medium Secunder Forest).The structure and composition of vegetation between plot one and...
Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is estimated to be the home of 9.5% flo... more Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is estimated to be the home of 9.5% flowering plant species, making it the seventh country with the highest biodiversity. Plant data collection is necessary to ascertain the level of plant biodiversity, as such data help in conservation efforts and long-term management. One of the methods applied is the collection of plants, with the purpose to acquire as much data about its biological resources. The collected specimen are then gathered and processed into a herbarium to be used as an information source in managing biological resources. Unfortunately, there are some difficulties related to the making and management of a herbarium. Digital herbarium are one of the potential solutions to the limitations of the traditional herbarium. It is a collection of plant pictures, replete with every step of productivity (leaf, flower, fruit) and the main characteristics of the plant species. It is an effective method for the identification...
Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycine... more Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga of Pandanaceae had been undertaken to unravel generic relationship among of these taxa with a view to provide a set of diagnostic characters for taxonomic identification. The fourth genus of Pandanaceae, Benstonea is not included in this analysis since there are no representative samples. Four anatomical diagnostic characters had been identified at the generic level such as present and absent of papillae, stomatal arrangement types, present and absent of bundle sheath extension and hypodermal thickness and its shape. Pandanus has papillae, amphistomatous stomata, bundle sheath extension present and hypodermis thin and rectangular; Freycinetia lacked of papillae, stomata hypostomatous or amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thick and hexagonal or rounded; meanwhile Sararanga has no papillae, stomata amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent ...
Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we ha... more Rapidly changing land use in Southeast Asia threatens plant diversity, and reduces the time we have left to document it. Despite over 200 years of scientific plant exploration, many plant species have yet to be discovered. Moreover, we still have a very poor understanding of the distribution of known taxa in this biogeographically complex region. We review the current state of biodiversity exploration, using plants in Indonesia as an example. Traditional methods of collecting and describing species have provided a solid foundation for our understanding of plant biodiversity, but are insufficient for the pragmatic task of rapidly discovering and documenting today's biodiversity before it is gone, because general collecting expeditions tend to be infrequent, and documentation of most new species must await taxonomic revisions many years in the future. Solutions to this exploration and documentation crisis (i) could use the abundant resource of enthusiastic, networked, national biology students, (ii) should employ biodiversity informatics tools to efficiently engage both specialists and parataxonomists, and (iii) might require adoption of new types of a-taxonomy, utilizing increasingly low-cost molecular methods and high resolution photographs. We describe emerging technologies that will facilitate this Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality tim... more The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, on the basis of morphological characters, Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre with Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This paper re-assesses the generic delimitation of Pouteria and its affinities with Planchonella from molecular data generated from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The analysis includes 22 Planchonella species and three Pouteria species sensu van Royen collected from Malesia and Australia, and seven additional Planchonella species from New Caledonia with molecular data available from GenBank. Other genera from Sapotaceae included in the analysis were Chrysophyllum, Niemeyera, Pichonia, Pycnandra and Xantolis (tribe Chrysophy...
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