Objective: To compare the changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and Intraocular P... more Objective: To compare the changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma versus without glaucoma. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study, done at Lahore General Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. Patients with senile cataract were divided into two groups. One group included 40 patients, with ≥40 years of age and diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma compared with a second group of 40 age-matched controls without glaucoma, undergoing phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation (IOL). Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) were used to record IOP and RNFL thickness, before surgery, at one week and one month after surgery. The results were compared with baseline readings and also between the two groups. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 60.3±7.9 years with male to female ra...
Background and Objectives: Due to the difference in anterior segments among different races, intr... more Background and Objectives: Due to the difference in anterior segments among different races, intraocular lens formulas behave differently. Asian eyes have smaller anterior segment dimensions than Caucasian eyes. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different values of anterior chamber depth on the accuracy of Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T), Hill Radial Basis Function (Hill RBF 2), and Barrett Universal II (Barrett U II) formulas.Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. Ninety-six eyes of patients, who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and ended uneventfully, were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on the anterior chamber depth (ACD). Group 1 had ACD > 3 mm and group 2 had ACD < 3 mm. Intraocular lens (IOL) power with SRK/T was calculated with a built-in formula in IOL Master 500. Barrett Universal II and Hill RBF 2 formulas were calculated using online calculators. Descriptive stati...
BACkgRound: The objective of this study was to identify the orbital and periorbital anthropometri... more BACkgRound: The objective of this study was to identify the orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and determine the effects of age and gender on these variables. From January 2020 to July 2020, we conducted a hospital-based, descriptive, observational study. MATeRiAl And MeThodS: Three hundred and eighty individuals of age15 years and above were included in the study. Exophthalmometric value (EV) and outer inter-canthal distance (OICD) were measured [mm] on Hertel's exophthalmometer. Inner inter-canthal distance (ICD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD) [mm], palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), marginal reflex distance 2 (MRD2), lid crease height (LC), pre-tarsal show (PTS) and levator function (LF) were recorded using a millimeter ruler scale. Data were analyzed using a Microsoft Excel sheet.
To highlight the clinical and neuro-imaging patterns of Meningiomas of visual pathway. Materials ... more To highlight the clinical and neuro-imaging patterns of Meningiomas of visual pathway. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive retrospective study conducted during 2007 to 2013. 94 patients with intra cranial Meningiomas affecting the visual pathway were selected for study. Clinical data included history, ocular and systemic examinations and neuro-imaging reports. Special attention was given to the neurological data, which was the only source available to us for diagnosing Meningiomas. Histological confirmation of Meningioma was available in 9.6% cases (n = 9). Results: Ninetyfour patients, 51 females and 43 males (female: male ratio, 1.19:1) were included in the study. Mean age was 48.23 years. The commonest type of Meningioma affecting visual pathway was Meningioma of inner table of occipital bone causing mass effects on the occipital lobe (30.85%, n = 29). Other Meningiomas were Parasellar (21.3%, n = 20) and supra sellar Meningiomas (18.1%, n = 17) pressing upon optic chiasma. Tumor size ranged from 0.7 cm to 8.5 cm in smallest and largest dimensions respectively. Only one patient in our series had neurofibromatosis type 1 and one patient had neurofibromatosis type 2. Conclusion: Neuro-imaging including conventional radiology plays a pivotal role in non-interventional diagnosis of intracranial Meningiomas. Owing to the benign nature of Meningioma, it should be differentiated from other aggressive tumors which need to be diagnosed and treated at the earliest.
Objective: To compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activatio... more Objective: To compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activation function-2 formulas in intraocular lens power calculation using different axial lengths. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from June to December 2020 of patients who underwent phacoemulsification with non-toric, monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Data was sorted in 3 groups on the basis of axial length; group 1 22-25mm, group 2(>25mm, and group 3 <22mm). Intraocular lens power was calculated using SRK/T with IOL Master, while online calculators were used for Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activation function-2 formulas. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 100 patients, 47(347%) were males and 53(53%) were females. There were 49(49%) diabetics, and 57(57%) were right eyes. There were 77(77%) patients with mean age 62.38+9.5 in group 1, 17(17%) patients with mean age 52....
This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under an... more This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. It also focuses to identify which system provides quality education to the students to make them better professionals. For that hypothesis adopted was that there is significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. A questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected people from education department, students who experienced both these systems and focus group discussion was carried out to record the perceptions of people towards both systems of education. Independent sample t test was also applied. The results proved that there is significant difference in the quality of results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. In annual system students get ample time to mastery over the subject while semester system train the students to synthesize the
BAckGround: Rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the commonest complication after YAG posterior ... more BAckGround: Rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the commonest complication after YAG posterior capsulotomy. As there are different opinions regarding use of anti-glaucoma therapy before YAG, we compared post-YAG IOP between the patients who had Brimonidine eye drops and those who did not have any anti-glaucoma treatment. MAterIAl And MethodS: It was a prospective study that included patients who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation and YAG posterior capsulotomy. One hundred fifty patients were divided into two groups; (a group with prophylactic brimonidine 0.2% eye drops before laser and a group without any anti-glaucoma therapy). Intraocular pressure was checked pre-laser and one hour after laser procedure. reSultS: Out of 150 patients, 78 were in brimonidine group and 72 in the control group. The mean age of the patients was 60.39 ± 12.98 years. In the brimonidine group, IOP was 12.56 ± 2.38 mm Hg and 12.29 ± 3.64mm Hg before and after YAG, respectively. In the control group, IOP was 12.24 ± 1.53 mm Hg and 13.38 ± 2.84 mm Hg before and after YAG. Brimonidine 0.2% caused a decrease in IOP, but the post-laser IOP difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The change in IOP before and after using brimonidine 0.2% was also not statistically significant. concluSIon: Every patient undergoing YAG capsulotomy does not require prophylactic anti-glaucoma therapy. Only the patients prone to high IOP, glaucoma suspects, and diagnosed cases of glaucoma should be given prophylactic treatment.
This paper attempts to explore the new lexical items used by Sufi Tabassum and Lewis Carroll in t... more This paper attempts to explore the new lexical items used by Sufi Tabassum and Lewis Carroll in their poetry. It also focuses on the different word formation processes used by them and their relation with Yule‟s classification. For this the hypotheses adopted were whether or not new lexical items invented or coined by Sufi Tabassum in his book Tot Batoot Collection involved same word formation processes as in Lewis Carroll‟s selected poem „Jabberwocky‟ and whether or not the word formation processes involved in Sufi Tabassum‟s new lexical items in his selected poems are as productive as of Lewis Carroll‟s in his selected poem „Jabberwocky‟. For this purpose their poems were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the new lexical items invented or coined by Sufi Tabassam in his book Tot Batoot Collection had, to a large extent, the same word formation processes as in Lewis Carroll‟s poem „Jabberwocky‟ but Sufi Tabassum‟s lexical items are not as productive as those found in Lewis Carrol...
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 How to cite this:Malik TG. Women in Surgical Fields;... more doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 How to cite this:Malik TG. Women in Surgical Fields; Time to break the Glass Ceiling. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1249-1251. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Aim: To address angiographic patterns and optical coherence tomographic changes in central serous... more Aim: To address angiographic patterns and optical coherence tomographic changes in central serous chorioretinopathy in a Pakistani cohort. Study design: Observational, Descriptive, study. Study period: 2012 to 2015 Methods: 51 pts of Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) from a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. History charts, clinical examination, Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiograms were reviewed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular manifestations with special consideration to angiographic patterns & structural changes on OCT. Results: Male to female ratio was 9.1:1. Mean age was 40 years. Ratio of right to left eye was 1.9:1. There were five different angiographic patterns of CSCR; Inkblot, Smoke stack, diffuse, mixed and non-leaking. All patterns were seen in both acute and chronic disease. When OCT scans were analyzed, RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) thinning, Granular IS/OS junction (inner segment/outer seg...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2015
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a disorder, which consists of constellation of signs and sympto... more Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a disorder, which consists of constellation of signs and symptoms secondary to chronic ocular hypoperfusion. We report a case of 35 years old Pakistani female who presented to us with gradual fall of vision in both eyes. On examination, she had bilateral OIS and ischemic optic neuropathy. The patient had past history of transient ischemic attack and facial palsy almost 20 years back. We referred her to physician for the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis associated with relapsing polychondritis. She was given 60 mg of dexamethasone per day as initial treatment. At her last follow-up after approximately 3 months, she was quite comfortable systemically and her general condition was improved. Unfortunately, her vision did not improve. These two autoimmune diseases are rarely reported together in the same patient in Pakistan. Whether this association is rare or is underdiagnosed still remains to be answered.
Aim: To describe clinical patterns of Retinitis Pigmentosa with special emphasis on optical coher... more Aim: To describe clinical patterns of Retinitis Pigmentosa with special emphasis on optical coherent tomographic picture of maculopathy. Study period and design: 2010 to 2014 descriptive, retrospective study. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ninety seven patients of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), presenting in two different centers of Lahore. The medical charts were analyzed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular signs, symptoms, macular status and associated systemic problems of the patients. Optical Coherent Tomography was used where pattern of maculopathy was not discernable clinically. The patients were divided into three age groups (≤ 19 years, 20 to 40 years, >40 years). Clinical patterns were compared among three groups. Results: The age range was from 1 to 75 years (mean 29.34). Male to female ratio was 1.2: 1. Family consanguinity was positive in 70.10 % of patients. The initial clinical presentation was night blindness in 89.7 % patients. Intra ocular p...
Aim: To describe ocular, neuro-ophthalmological and imaging patterns of head trauma, with special... more Aim: To describe ocular, neuro-ophthalmological and imaging patterns of head trauma, with special reference to road traffic accidents (RTA) in an urban area of Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, retrospective study. Study period: 2007 to 2013 Subjects and settings: 42 Patients of cranio facial trauma from three different centers of Lahore were included in the study. History charts and neuro-imaging reports were reviewed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular manifestations, neuro-ophthalmological findings and imaging reports Results: Male to female ratio was 6:1. Craniofacial injuries were common in patients of ≤ 40 years of age. The commonest cause of trauma was road traffic accidents (RTA). 9 patients had severe vision loss (NPL= no perception of light). 50% patients (n=21) had left sided trauma. 5(11.9%) were normal with no clinical and neuro-imaging findings. Congested eyes, decreased vision, muscle entrapment in orbital fracture and restricted extra ocular mo...
We present a case of a sixty years old Asian male who presented to us with gradual decrease in vi... more We present a case of a sixty years old Asian male who presented to us with gradual decrease in vision of both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed paracentral thinning with a dome-shaped excavation in the posterior corneal surface in each eye. Other than the early lens changes, rest of the ocular examination was normal. A diagnosis of bilateral Posterior Keratoconus was made. Corneal topography was done to confirm the diagnosis. Findings of the Galilei scan of the patient are discussed in this case report in relation to normal corneas.
This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under an... more This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. It also focuses to identify which system provides quality education to the students to make them better professionals. For that hypothesis adopted was that there is significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system.
Objective: To compare the changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and Intraocular P... more Objective: To compare the changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma versus without glaucoma. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study, done at Lahore General Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. Patients with senile cataract were divided into two groups. One group included 40 patients, with ≥40 years of age and diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma compared with a second group of 40 age-matched controls without glaucoma, undergoing phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation (IOL). Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) were used to record IOP and RNFL thickness, before surgery, at one week and one month after surgery. The results were compared with baseline readings and also between the two groups. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 60.3±7.9 years with male to female ra...
Background and Objectives: Due to the difference in anterior segments among different races, intr... more Background and Objectives: Due to the difference in anterior segments among different races, intraocular lens formulas behave differently. Asian eyes have smaller anterior segment dimensions than Caucasian eyes. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different values of anterior chamber depth on the accuracy of Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T), Hill Radial Basis Function (Hill RBF 2), and Barrett Universal II (Barrett U II) formulas.Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. Ninety-six eyes of patients, who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and ended uneventfully, were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on the anterior chamber depth (ACD). Group 1 had ACD > 3 mm and group 2 had ACD < 3 mm. Intraocular lens (IOL) power with SRK/T was calculated with a built-in formula in IOL Master 500. Barrett Universal II and Hill RBF 2 formulas were calculated using online calculators. Descriptive stati...
BACkgRound: The objective of this study was to identify the orbital and periorbital anthropometri... more BACkgRound: The objective of this study was to identify the orbital and periorbital anthropometric variations and determine the effects of age and gender on these variables. From January 2020 to July 2020, we conducted a hospital-based, descriptive, observational study. MATeRiAl And MeThodS: Three hundred and eighty individuals of age15 years and above were included in the study. Exophthalmometric value (EV) and outer inter-canthal distance (OICD) were measured [mm] on Hertel's exophthalmometer. Inner inter-canthal distance (ICD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD) [mm], palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), marginal reflex distance 2 (MRD2), lid crease height (LC), pre-tarsal show (PTS) and levator function (LF) were recorded using a millimeter ruler scale. Data were analyzed using a Microsoft Excel sheet.
To highlight the clinical and neuro-imaging patterns of Meningiomas of visual pathway. Materials ... more To highlight the clinical and neuro-imaging patterns of Meningiomas of visual pathway. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive retrospective study conducted during 2007 to 2013. 94 patients with intra cranial Meningiomas affecting the visual pathway were selected for study. Clinical data included history, ocular and systemic examinations and neuro-imaging reports. Special attention was given to the neurological data, which was the only source available to us for diagnosing Meningiomas. Histological confirmation of Meningioma was available in 9.6% cases (n = 9). Results: Ninetyfour patients, 51 females and 43 males (female: male ratio, 1.19:1) were included in the study. Mean age was 48.23 years. The commonest type of Meningioma affecting visual pathway was Meningioma of inner table of occipital bone causing mass effects on the occipital lobe (30.85%, n = 29). Other Meningiomas were Parasellar (21.3%, n = 20) and supra sellar Meningiomas (18.1%, n = 17) pressing upon optic chiasma. Tumor size ranged from 0.7 cm to 8.5 cm in smallest and largest dimensions respectively. Only one patient in our series had neurofibromatosis type 1 and one patient had neurofibromatosis type 2. Conclusion: Neuro-imaging including conventional radiology plays a pivotal role in non-interventional diagnosis of intracranial Meningiomas. Owing to the benign nature of Meningioma, it should be differentiated from other aggressive tumors which need to be diagnosed and treated at the earliest.
Objective: To compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activatio... more Objective: To compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activation function-2 formulas in intraocular lens power calculation using different axial lengths. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from June to December 2020 of patients who underwent phacoemulsification with non-toric, monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Data was sorted in 3 groups on the basis of axial length; group 1 22-25mm, group 2(>25mm, and group 3 <22mm). Intraocular lens power was calculated using SRK/T with IOL Master, while online calculators were used for Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activation function-2 formulas. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 100 patients, 47(347%) were males and 53(53%) were females. There were 49(49%) diabetics, and 57(57%) were right eyes. There were 77(77%) patients with mean age 62.38+9.5 in group 1, 17(17%) patients with mean age 52....
This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under an... more This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. It also focuses to identify which system provides quality education to the students to make them better professionals. For that hypothesis adopted was that there is significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. A questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected people from education department, students who experienced both these systems and focus group discussion was carried out to record the perceptions of people towards both systems of education. Independent sample t test was also applied. The results proved that there is significant difference in the quality of results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. In annual system students get ample time to mastery over the subject while semester system train the students to synthesize the
BAckGround: Rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the commonest complication after YAG posterior ... more BAckGround: Rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the commonest complication after YAG posterior capsulotomy. As there are different opinions regarding use of anti-glaucoma therapy before YAG, we compared post-YAG IOP between the patients who had Brimonidine eye drops and those who did not have any anti-glaucoma treatment. MAterIAl And MethodS: It was a prospective study that included patients who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation and YAG posterior capsulotomy. One hundred fifty patients were divided into two groups; (a group with prophylactic brimonidine 0.2% eye drops before laser and a group without any anti-glaucoma therapy). Intraocular pressure was checked pre-laser and one hour after laser procedure. reSultS: Out of 150 patients, 78 were in brimonidine group and 72 in the control group. The mean age of the patients was 60.39 ± 12.98 years. In the brimonidine group, IOP was 12.56 ± 2.38 mm Hg and 12.29 ± 3.64mm Hg before and after YAG, respectively. In the control group, IOP was 12.24 ± 1.53 mm Hg and 13.38 ± 2.84 mm Hg before and after YAG. Brimonidine 0.2% caused a decrease in IOP, but the post-laser IOP difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The change in IOP before and after using brimonidine 0.2% was also not statistically significant. concluSIon: Every patient undergoing YAG capsulotomy does not require prophylactic anti-glaucoma therapy. Only the patients prone to high IOP, glaucoma suspects, and diagnosed cases of glaucoma should be given prophylactic treatment.
This paper attempts to explore the new lexical items used by Sufi Tabassum and Lewis Carroll in t... more This paper attempts to explore the new lexical items used by Sufi Tabassum and Lewis Carroll in their poetry. It also focuses on the different word formation processes used by them and their relation with Yule‟s classification. For this the hypotheses adopted were whether or not new lexical items invented or coined by Sufi Tabassum in his book Tot Batoot Collection involved same word formation processes as in Lewis Carroll‟s selected poem „Jabberwocky‟ and whether or not the word formation processes involved in Sufi Tabassum‟s new lexical items in his selected poems are as productive as of Lewis Carroll‟s in his selected poem „Jabberwocky‟. For this purpose their poems were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the new lexical items invented or coined by Sufi Tabassam in his book Tot Batoot Collection had, to a large extent, the same word formation processes as in Lewis Carroll‟s poem „Jabberwocky‟ but Sufi Tabassum‟s lexical items are not as productive as those found in Lewis Carrol...
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 How to cite this:Malik TG. Women in Surgical Fields;... more doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 How to cite this:Malik TG. Women in Surgical Fields; Time to break the Glass Ceiling. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1249-1251. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4583 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Aim: To address angiographic patterns and optical coherence tomographic changes in central serous... more Aim: To address angiographic patterns and optical coherence tomographic changes in central serous chorioretinopathy in a Pakistani cohort. Study design: Observational, Descriptive, study. Study period: 2012 to 2015 Methods: 51 pts of Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) from a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. History charts, clinical examination, Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiograms were reviewed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular manifestations with special consideration to angiographic patterns & structural changes on OCT. Results: Male to female ratio was 9.1:1. Mean age was 40 years. Ratio of right to left eye was 1.9:1. There were five different angiographic patterns of CSCR; Inkblot, Smoke stack, diffuse, mixed and non-leaking. All patterns were seen in both acute and chronic disease. When OCT scans were analyzed, RPE (retinal pigment epithelium) thinning, Granular IS/OS junction (inner segment/outer seg...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2015
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a disorder, which consists of constellation of signs and sympto... more Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a disorder, which consists of constellation of signs and symptoms secondary to chronic ocular hypoperfusion. We report a case of 35 years old Pakistani female who presented to us with gradual fall of vision in both eyes. On examination, she had bilateral OIS and ischemic optic neuropathy. The patient had past history of transient ischemic attack and facial palsy almost 20 years back. We referred her to physician for the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis associated with relapsing polychondritis. She was given 60 mg of dexamethasone per day as initial treatment. At her last follow-up after approximately 3 months, she was quite comfortable systemically and her general condition was improved. Unfortunately, her vision did not improve. These two autoimmune diseases are rarely reported together in the same patient in Pakistan. Whether this association is rare or is underdiagnosed still remains to be answered.
Aim: To describe clinical patterns of Retinitis Pigmentosa with special emphasis on optical coher... more Aim: To describe clinical patterns of Retinitis Pigmentosa with special emphasis on optical coherent tomographic picture of maculopathy. Study period and design: 2010 to 2014 descriptive, retrospective study. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ninety seven patients of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), presenting in two different centers of Lahore. The medical charts were analyzed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular signs, symptoms, macular status and associated systemic problems of the patients. Optical Coherent Tomography was used where pattern of maculopathy was not discernable clinically. The patients were divided into three age groups (≤ 19 years, 20 to 40 years, >40 years). Clinical patterns were compared among three groups. Results: The age range was from 1 to 75 years (mean 29.34). Male to female ratio was 1.2: 1. Family consanguinity was positive in 70.10 % of patients. The initial clinical presentation was night blindness in 89.7 % patients. Intra ocular p...
Aim: To describe ocular, neuro-ophthalmological and imaging patterns of head trauma, with special... more Aim: To describe ocular, neuro-ophthalmological and imaging patterns of head trauma, with special reference to road traffic accidents (RTA) in an urban area of Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, retrospective study. Study period: 2007 to 2013 Subjects and settings: 42 Patients of cranio facial trauma from three different centers of Lahore were included in the study. History charts and neuro-imaging reports were reviewed. The data considered for the study was age, sex, ocular manifestations, neuro-ophthalmological findings and imaging reports Results: Male to female ratio was 6:1. Craniofacial injuries were common in patients of ≤ 40 years of age. The commonest cause of trauma was road traffic accidents (RTA). 9 patients had severe vision loss (NPL= no perception of light). 50% patients (n=21) had left sided trauma. 5(11.9%) were normal with no clinical and neuro-imaging findings. Congested eyes, decreased vision, muscle entrapment in orbital fracture and restricted extra ocular mo...
We present a case of a sixty years old Asian male who presented to us with gradual decrease in vi... more We present a case of a sixty years old Asian male who presented to us with gradual decrease in vision of both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed paracentral thinning with a dome-shaped excavation in the posterior corneal surface in each eye. Other than the early lens changes, rest of the ocular examination was normal. A diagnosis of bilateral Posterior Keratoconus was made. Corneal topography was done to confirm the diagnosis. Findings of the Galilei scan of the patient are discussed in this case report in relation to normal corneas.
This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under an... more This paper attempts to explore the significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system. It also focuses to identify which system provides quality education to the students to make them better professionals. For that hypothesis adopted was that there is significant difference in the results of M.A. English under annual and semester system.
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