Proteolytic activities were extracted from a dairy Lactobacillus helveticus strain and partially ... more Proteolytic activities were extracted from a dairy Lactobacillus helveticus strain and partially characterized. A first cell envelope proteinase (CEP) was extracted using a high ionic strength buffer, both in the presence and in the absence of Ca 2+. Moreover, cell treatment by 5 M LiCl allowed for the selective removal of the S-layer protein and CEP, suggesting an enzyme ionic linkage to the cell envelope similar to that observed for the Slayer structure. The enzyme specificity against α s1-CN (f1-23) showed unusual activity on the Lys 3-His 4 bond compared with other proteinases of the same species. A second proteinase appeared to be linked to the cell membrane because it was extractable only after membrane disgregation by detergents. Its specificity against CN fractions and α s1-CN (f1-23) was different from that of the first CEP; moreover, the measured activity was lower than that of CEP.
Small enterprises are experiencing heightened levels of competitions and problems. Adequate Liqui... more Small enterprises are experiencing heightened levels of competitions and problems. Adequate Liquidity is a key driving force for managing business enterprises successfully by reducing such problems. It is also necessary to find out reasons of the liquidity problems of small enterprises and solutions to overcome such problems for ensuring successful business environment. It is difficult for small enterprises to raise enough capital from different sources because of complex and time consuming process. As a result, these enterprises are unable to implement an appropriate financial and managerial system to operate their businesses competitively. If these problems persist for long-time, entrepreneurs are bound to stop their businesses. Moreover, the findings of the study indicate that small enterprises are facing difficulties to get enough financial support from banks and financial institutions due to difficult terms and conditions imposed by them. So, a study in this field is meaningful...
In more and more competitive and changing world, comprehend the understanding of internal and ext... more In more and more competitive and changing world, comprehend the understanding of internal and external environments of an organisation becomes more important than ever before. To have a fruitful and realistic strategic plan, the organisation needs to have an effective internal and external environmental analysis. The aim of this paper was to have a comparative analysis of internal and external environments of the hospitality industry with particular reference to Hyatt Hotel, UK and Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar Bangladesh. In terms of secondary data, this paper has used a number of tools that are widely used in analysing internal and external environment, these include SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porter's five forces. In order to gather primary information, this paper has followed by a qualitative method in which analysing of the documentation of these two hotels (both online and printed documents) have been used. The findings of this paper have argued that both hotels have some strength that can be used for business growths, some weaknesses that need to be improved, some opportunities that can be achieved, and some threats that need to be protected. The findings have revealed that Hyatt is a popular brand and well-known hotel in the world. It operates business all over the world with a group of multicultural experienced employees. On the other hand, Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar is a local popular hotel. However, both hotels need to consider some issues whist developing a strategic plan such as technological changes, competitors, new entrance, bargaining power of the customers, economic situation, environmental issues and legal policies and laws.
The core objective of this paper is to uplift the feasibility of hotel industry of Coxi¯s Bazar o... more The core objective of this paper is to uplift the feasibility of hotel industry of Coxi¯s Bazar of Bangladesh. Here the analysis of the financial statement of the most standard hotel has been made. Standard methods are used to collect information. Both primary and secondary sources are used. For research purpose financial information of five popular local hotel of Coxi¯s Bazar, Hotel the Seagull, The Cox Today, The Ocean Paradise, The Sayman and The long Beach hotel has been collected. Firstly, in the literature review, the importance of financial performance analysis using different financial statement and uses of ratio analysis has been shown. Financial statements of hotels of Coxi¯s Bazar are mainly used to orchestrate this research. The findings show the performance of the hotel industry over the last five years. Here gradually hotel industry performing well compared to the previous years. Ratio analysis and trend analysis conducted to analyze the financial position and feasibil...
Net assets value is the widely used techniques to know the fund’s overall performance. NAV calcul... more Net assets value is the widely used techniques to know the fund’s overall performance. NAV calculation of mutual funds in Bangladesh is guided by Bangladesh securities exchange commission (BSEC). Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen’s Alpha are the three popular indicators that are used by investor and researcher to know the performance of mutual fund. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of 31 growth oriented mutual funds on the basis of weekly NAV and Weekly close price compared to benchmark returns. For this purpose, risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Jenson, Treynor and Sharpe are employed widely known as Treynor ratio, Sharpe ratio, and Jensen’s alpha. This study found that over the research period selected mutual funds shows large negative return than and downward trend in comparison to market return.
"Micro finance" or its major part "micro credit", both used interchangeably, is an important inst... more "Micro finance" or its major part "micro credit", both used interchangeably, is an important institutional device for alleviating poverty of the poor people. Micro finance concept was first developed and initiated in Bangladesh in the late seventies with a view to help the people living below the poverty line. Since its inception to till date, there has been tremendous growth of organizations, known as MFIs (Micro Finance Institutions), in this field to deal with the micro finance/credit activities. Despite this, the poverty situation of the poor people who have already used the micro finance programs was not improved substantially. The few MFIs have their own programs to conduct survey on impact assessment of their individual micro credit activities. The present study will focus on the impact assessment of micro finance activities on some variables of poverty alleviation, the extent to which these programs helped loanees to become micro finance graduates and the relevant suggestions as to the success of the micro finance activities. 1. Introduction: Micro finance is a core concept that embodies lot many things; micro credit is the major part of it, other parts of micro finance include micro savings, micro insurance and other financial services. Bangladesh is widely considered micro finance's "natural home" for renowned Grameen Bank Model and the highest number of client's outreach in the world. Micro finance lending has certain salient features that distinguish them from lending of conventional banks. These programs are obviously for the people living in abject poverty. The programs have been expected to alleviate poverty or to uplift the economic condition of the poor people. Studies have shown that it has had a positive impact on improving social indicators (Marilou Uy and Hassan Zaman: 2003). More than one thousand registered NGOs are presently working in Bangladesh for alleviating poverty through micro finance activities but the state of poverty in Bangladesh particularly in rural areas is not improving substantially. The programs undertaken by some prominent MFIs including Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA and Proshika do not appear to be much successful in improving the poverty of the poor people as was expected initially. The underlying reasons are perpetual cycle of debt, inability to reach the poorest of the poor, the infrastructural problem, overlapping, disbursing credit or use of credit to unproductive sector, extreme attention to loan recovery, ignorance of human capital, higher rate of interest (although it is still lower than village money lenders who charged on an average of 120 percent interest rate) and limited access of poor to the economic stream among the important factors. 2. Objectives of the Study: The major objectives of the present study include the following: I. To have a glimpse on the micro finance activities performed by MFIs for poverty alleviation. II. To assess the impact of these activities on the poverty alleviation.
Proteolytic activities were extracted from a dairy Lactobacillus helveticus strain and partially ... more Proteolytic activities were extracted from a dairy Lactobacillus helveticus strain and partially characterized. A first cell envelope proteinase (CEP) was extracted using a high ionic strength buffer, both in the presence and in the absence of Ca 2+. Moreover, cell treatment by 5 M LiCl allowed for the selective removal of the S-layer protein and CEP, suggesting an enzyme ionic linkage to the cell envelope similar to that observed for the Slayer structure. The enzyme specificity against α s1-CN (f1-23) showed unusual activity on the Lys 3-His 4 bond compared with other proteinases of the same species. A second proteinase appeared to be linked to the cell membrane because it was extractable only after membrane disgregation by detergents. Its specificity against CN fractions and α s1-CN (f1-23) was different from that of the first CEP; moreover, the measured activity was lower than that of CEP.
Small enterprises are experiencing heightened levels of competitions and problems. Adequate Liqui... more Small enterprises are experiencing heightened levels of competitions and problems. Adequate Liquidity is a key driving force for managing business enterprises successfully by reducing such problems. It is also necessary to find out reasons of the liquidity problems of small enterprises and solutions to overcome such problems for ensuring successful business environment. It is difficult for small enterprises to raise enough capital from different sources because of complex and time consuming process. As a result, these enterprises are unable to implement an appropriate financial and managerial system to operate their businesses competitively. If these problems persist for long-time, entrepreneurs are bound to stop their businesses. Moreover, the findings of the study indicate that small enterprises are facing difficulties to get enough financial support from banks and financial institutions due to difficult terms and conditions imposed by them. So, a study in this field is meaningful...
In more and more competitive and changing world, comprehend the understanding of internal and ext... more In more and more competitive and changing world, comprehend the understanding of internal and external environments of an organisation becomes more important than ever before. To have a fruitful and realistic strategic plan, the organisation needs to have an effective internal and external environmental analysis. The aim of this paper was to have a comparative analysis of internal and external environments of the hospitality industry with particular reference to Hyatt Hotel, UK and Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar Bangladesh. In terms of secondary data, this paper has used a number of tools that are widely used in analysing internal and external environment, these include SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porter's five forces. In order to gather primary information, this paper has followed by a qualitative method in which analysing of the documentation of these two hotels (both online and printed documents) have been used. The findings of this paper have argued that both hotels have some strength that can be used for business growths, some weaknesses that need to be improved, some opportunities that can be achieved, and some threats that need to be protected. The findings have revealed that Hyatt is a popular brand and well-known hotel in the world. It operates business all over the world with a group of multicultural experienced employees. On the other hand, Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar is a local popular hotel. However, both hotels need to consider some issues whist developing a strategic plan such as technological changes, competitors, new entrance, bargaining power of the customers, economic situation, environmental issues and legal policies and laws.
The core objective of this paper is to uplift the feasibility of hotel industry of Coxi¯s Bazar o... more The core objective of this paper is to uplift the feasibility of hotel industry of Coxi¯s Bazar of Bangladesh. Here the analysis of the financial statement of the most standard hotel has been made. Standard methods are used to collect information. Both primary and secondary sources are used. For research purpose financial information of five popular local hotel of Coxi¯s Bazar, Hotel the Seagull, The Cox Today, The Ocean Paradise, The Sayman and The long Beach hotel has been collected. Firstly, in the literature review, the importance of financial performance analysis using different financial statement and uses of ratio analysis has been shown. Financial statements of hotels of Coxi¯s Bazar are mainly used to orchestrate this research. The findings show the performance of the hotel industry over the last five years. Here gradually hotel industry performing well compared to the previous years. Ratio analysis and trend analysis conducted to analyze the financial position and feasibil...
Net assets value is the widely used techniques to know the fund’s overall performance. NAV calcul... more Net assets value is the widely used techniques to know the fund’s overall performance. NAV calculation of mutual funds in Bangladesh is guided by Bangladesh securities exchange commission (BSEC). Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen’s Alpha are the three popular indicators that are used by investor and researcher to know the performance of mutual fund. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of 31 growth oriented mutual funds on the basis of weekly NAV and Weekly close price compared to benchmark returns. For this purpose, risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Jenson, Treynor and Sharpe are employed widely known as Treynor ratio, Sharpe ratio, and Jensen’s alpha. This study found that over the research period selected mutual funds shows large negative return than and downward trend in comparison to market return.
"Micro finance" or its major part "micro credit", both used interchangeably, is an important inst... more "Micro finance" or its major part "micro credit", both used interchangeably, is an important institutional device for alleviating poverty of the poor people. Micro finance concept was first developed and initiated in Bangladesh in the late seventies with a view to help the people living below the poverty line. Since its inception to till date, there has been tremendous growth of organizations, known as MFIs (Micro Finance Institutions), in this field to deal with the micro finance/credit activities. Despite this, the poverty situation of the poor people who have already used the micro finance programs was not improved substantially. The few MFIs have their own programs to conduct survey on impact assessment of their individual micro credit activities. The present study will focus on the impact assessment of micro finance activities on some variables of poverty alleviation, the extent to which these programs helped loanees to become micro finance graduates and the relevant suggestions as to the success of the micro finance activities. 1. Introduction: Micro finance is a core concept that embodies lot many things; micro credit is the major part of it, other parts of micro finance include micro savings, micro insurance and other financial services. Bangladesh is widely considered micro finance's "natural home" for renowned Grameen Bank Model and the highest number of client's outreach in the world. Micro finance lending has certain salient features that distinguish them from lending of conventional banks. These programs are obviously for the people living in abject poverty. The programs have been expected to alleviate poverty or to uplift the economic condition of the poor people. Studies have shown that it has had a positive impact on improving social indicators (Marilou Uy and Hassan Zaman: 2003). More than one thousand registered NGOs are presently working in Bangladesh for alleviating poverty through micro finance activities but the state of poverty in Bangladesh particularly in rural areas is not improving substantially. The programs undertaken by some prominent MFIs including Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA and Proshika do not appear to be much successful in improving the poverty of the poor people as was expected initially. The underlying reasons are perpetual cycle of debt, inability to reach the poorest of the poor, the infrastructural problem, overlapping, disbursing credit or use of credit to unproductive sector, extreme attention to loan recovery, ignorance of human capital, higher rate of interest (although it is still lower than village money lenders who charged on an average of 120 percent interest rate) and limited access of poor to the economic stream among the important factors. 2. Objectives of the Study: The major objectives of the present study include the following: I. To have a glimpse on the micro finance activities performed by MFIs for poverty alleviation. II. To assess the impact of these activities on the poverty alleviation.
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