Papers by Tomasz Rogalski
Aerospace
The paper presents the concept of a component of an aircraft’s automatic flight control system, c... more The paper presents the concept of a component of an aircraft’s automatic flight control system, controlling the airplane when in longitudinal motion (i.e., pitch angle, sink rate, airspeed channels) during automatic landing, from a final approach until a touchdown. It is composed of two key parts: a vision system and an automatic landing system. The first part exploits dedicated image-processing algorithms to identify the number of red and white PAPI lights appearing on an onboard video camera. Its output data—information about an aircraft’s position on a vertical profile of a landing trajectory—is used as one of the crucial inputs to the automatic landing system (the second part), which uses them to control the landing. The control algorithms implemented by the automatic landing system are based on the fuzzy logic expert system and were developed to imitate the pilot’s control actions during landing an aircraft. These two parts were teamed together as a component of a laboratory ri...
Applied Sciences
Currently, quite accurate measurements of atmospheric gusts are carried out by airport systems on... more Currently, quite accurate measurements of atmospheric gusts are carried out by airport systems only in the vicinity of the runways. There is a still open issue of availability of information about real wind gusts at cruising altitudes and during approach at a considerable distance from the airfield. Standard on-board systems of a jet transport airplane provide some information which is desirable to have knowledge of how flight parameters reflect real gust parameters and their impact on the aircraft dynamics. The paper proposes an algorithm for headwind gust magnitude estimation in relation to aircraft response. The analysed estimation algorithms assume the use of data available from the existing on-board systems only without the employment of any extra sensors or ground and satellite systems. In this way, many problems caused by different structures, configurations, and ways of installation of additional sensors and structural changes are rejected. The algorithms use the classical m...
Scientific Letters of Rzeszow University of Technology - Mechanics, 2018
The article is strongly related to the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) project. The proj... more The article is strongly related to the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) project. The project's objective is the improvement of air transport above Europe 0. Since Air Traffic Management (ATM) is involved to obtain more effective approach to air traffic flow managing activities, the concept of Flexible Use Airspace (FUA) has arisen in result. ATM is a quite developed aviation's subdomain, therefore currently existing airspace state has been described briefly in the article, referring to the presented solution concept. The notion of Free Route Airspace (FRA) airspace model defined in this article relies on mathematical description. The selected approach clarifies airspace as a set of squares or cubes that have volumes with appointed values due to certain conditions in the considered time (i.e. traffic flow or weather). The model has to ensure facilitation of flight route planning and warrant aircrafts separation towards flight safety assurance. The concept assumes that this airspace model will provide assistance for airspace user to select essential flight plan criteria, such as economy, time, etc. The path will be appointed according to personal preferences, based on the model from which further elaborated algorithm will evaluate situation. The presented solution is a response to air traffic growth. Therefore it supports the SESAR project through research and development activities. The description proves that airspace model would create enhancement in flight planning for airspace users.
Inventions, 2022
Present-day technologies used in SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) systems in many implementatio... more Present-day technologies used in SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) systems in many implementations are based on wireless sensor networks (WSN). In the context of the continuous development of these systems, the costs of the elements that form the monitoring system are decreasing. In this situation, the challenge is to select the optimal number of sensors and the network architecture, depending on the wireless system’s other parameters and requirements. It is a challenging task for WSN to provide scalability to cover a large area, fault tolerance, transmission reliability, and energy efficiency when no events are detected. In this article, fundamental issues concerning wireless communication in structural health monitoring systems (SHM) in the context of non-destructive testing sensors (NDT) were presented. Wireless technology developments in several crucial areas were also presented, and these include engineering facilities such as aviation and wind turbine systems as well as bridg...
The paper discusses an application of standard UDP/ IP/Ethernet local area network as a communica... more The paper discusses an application of standard UDP/ IP/Ethernet local area network as a communication layer for real-time distributed avionic application. The main objective of the paper is to propose and discuss hardware/software network configurations which improve the control device's data exchange even if the network must conduct another data intensive stream services.
Sensors, 2021
In the near future, the integration of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles into the common airspa... more In the near future, the integration of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles into the common airspace will proceed. The changes taking place mean that the safety of light aircraft, ultralight aircraft and unmanned air vehicles (UAV) will become an increasing problem. The IDAAS project (Intruder Detection And collision Avoidance System) meets the new challenges as it aims to produce technically advanced detection and collision avoidance systems for light and unmanned aerial vehicles. The work discusses selected elements of research and practical tests of the intruder detection vision system, which is part the of IDAAS project. At the outset, the current formal requirements related to the necessity of installing anticollision systems on aircraft are presented. The concept of the IDAAS system and the structure of algorithms related to image processing are also discussed. The main part of the work presents the methodology developed for the needs of dedicated flight tests, its implementati...
Applied Sciences, 2021
In this paper, the results of research on additively manufactured aerospace parts made of maragin... more In this paper, the results of research on additively manufactured aerospace parts made of maraging steel are presented. This state-of-the-art technology seems to have the highest potential for practical use in the field of ultra-light and high-performance aerospace hydraulic parts. The strength properties of representative specimens made with steel 1.2709 were investigated. The researchers conducted static tensile testing, fatigue tensile testing, and pressure impulse testing. A Goodman diagram was plotted to visualize the impact of the building orientation vs. load character on the fatigue strength of the additive manufacturing (AM) specimens. Based on the research carried out on the strength of the AM samples, an aircraft flight control actuator was designed to achieve the highest level of safety integrity along with the greatest simplicity and lowest weight relative to hydraulic actuators manufactured using classical methods. The entire design process was integrated with the manu...
Sensors, 2020
This article proposes a vision-based method of determining in which of the three states, defined ... more This article proposes a vision-based method of determining in which of the three states, defined in the spin recovery process, is an aircraft. The correct identification of this state is necessary to make the right decisions during the spin recovery maneuver. The proposed solution employs a keypoints displacements analysis in consecutive frames taken from the on-board camera. The idea of voting on the temporary location of the rotation axis and dominant displacement direction was used. The decision about the state is made based on a proposed set of rules employing the histogram spread measure. To validate the method, experiments on flight simulator videos, recorded at varying altitudes and in different lighting, background, and visibility conditions, were carried out. For the selected conditions, the first flight tests were also performed. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted using a multimedia data annotation tool and the Jaccard index, respectively. The proposed...
Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny, 2019
The paper presents a concept of automatic control system recovering an aircraft from the spin usi... more The paper presents a concept of automatic control system recovering an aircraft from the spin using fuzzy logic controller. Control system causing: stall, spin, spin recovery, dive recovery and switching on classic heading and altitude autopilots, was created in Matlab – Simulink software, which was connected to the flight simulator X-Plane. During tests developed control algorithms were checked and tuned. At the end graphs of flight parameters recorded during simulation were analyzed, and properties of designed control system were evaluated. Particular attention was paid to the design of a fuzzy logic controller stopping autorotation of the aircraft. On the output it controlled the position of the rudder, while on input it received a signal being a function of the angular velocity of the aircraft.
AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe, 2019
The work discusses selected elements of research and practical tests of the vision anti-collision... more The work discusses selected elements of research and practical tests of the vision anti-collision system, designed for ultralight and light aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles. At the outset, current formal requirements related to the necessity of installing anti-collision systems on aircraft are presented. The concept of IDAAS (Intruder Detection And collision Avoidance System for light aircraft) and the structure of algorithms related to image processing were presented. The main part of the work is to discuss the selected scenarios implemented during the research.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019
This article describes some of tasks carried out as a part of an international project ERA (Enhan... more This article describes some of tasks carried out as a part of an international project ERA (Enhanced RPAS Automation, RPAS – Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems). The works were focused on a control system for an optionally piloted aircraft MP-02 Czajka, especially on adapting the control system for piloting the aircraft in take-off and landing phases. The entry point was the control system built on using PID controllers in the aircraft. The quality of the control system was insufficient; especially for steering in critical flight states such as take-off and landing. The aim was to improve and fine-tune it to the object, which would allow to shorten time constants of the system, reduce overshoots and errors. It was decided to leave a general structure of a control algorithm based on PID controllers, however, it was extended with additional elements, among others blocks of additional damping, “fit forward” blocks and others. The article describes control laws and their modification as ...
Aviation, 2005
The dynamical development of general aviation demands compilation of new aircraft control methods... more The dynamical development of general aviation demands compilation of new aircraft control methods. Those methods allow people without special airborne qualifications to pilot these aircrafts. The main goals of such a control system are to reduce a pilot's load, to improve control precision, and to protect an aircraft against dangerous situations. There are many criterions applied to grading and describing an aircraft's flying characteristics and the handling qualities of general aviation airplanes equipped with classical mechanical control systems. But a modern, small, transport aircraft should be equipped with fly‐by‐wire control systems, and there are no clear, straight, rules rate and describe the handling qualities of small airplanes with fly‐by‐wire control systems. This paper presents a methodology created by the authors that classifies and compares the handling qualities of general aviation aircraft equipped with fly‐by‐wire control systems. It takes into consideratio...
Aviation, 2006
The dynamic growth of general aviation as a mean of transport over medium distances means that pe... more The dynamic growth of general aviation as a mean of transport over medium distances means that people having no extraordinary qualifications or extraordinary physical or mental abilities more often pilot such types of airplanes. This phenomenon creates the necessity of giving planes flying qualities that allow them to be safely piloted by ordinary people. One way of solving this problem is equipping airplanes with fly‐by‐wire control systems that modify their handling qualities. Then the computer included into such control systems modifies the actions taken by the pilot, making the airplane both easier and more comfortable to control. This paper presents sample software tools – control algorithms that allowing an airplane's handling qualities to be improved. They are prepared by the authors and tested on board an experimental plane. That plane was equipped with a prototypical fly‐by‐wire control system, which can modify a plane's responses to a pilot's actions.
Aviation, 2007
The development of informatics and sensor techniques has extended the possibilities of flight par... more The development of informatics and sensor techniques has extended the possibilities of flight parameter measurement. It allows for extensive modification of control and navigation systems in air vehicles. This advance can also be noticed in the research of the Department of Avionics and Control at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology. Research in the area of digital flight control systems was initiated at the Department of Avionics and Control over twenty years ago.
The paper presents a conception and a practical realization of the laboratory stand intended to p... more The paper presents a conception and a practical realization of the laboratory stand intended to perform basic and advanced tests of the control system for small transportation aircraft. The stand is made with use of Matlab and Simulink environment. Using xPC and RTW modules enables the system to do some tests in real time with "Hardware in the loop" including
Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) are highly used to monitor seismic activities at sea. They are al... more Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) are highly used to monitor seismic activities at sea. They are also used to detect tsunamis and generate warning alarms. This paper presents a data acquisition system built for an OBS with capability to synchronize time through IEEE-1588 protocol. This acquisition system provides real time data through the Ethernet making it suitable for OBSs deployed at seafloor observatories. Peer Reviewed Postprint (published version)
This report intends to present both general conception and a few aspects of practical realization... more This report intends to present both general conception and a few aspects of practical realization of control system destined for small general aviation aircraft. Described system is planned to be installed on the board of PZL M 20 typical for this group of airplanes. According to the new idea of aircraft controlling, the main tasks of the control system mounted on the board are to augment aircraft stability, to reduce pilot's load, to protect plane against dangerous states of fly. Generally the flying with small local transport airplane should be both safer and more pleasant. The system going to meet its main goals uses semi-intelligent stick or side-stick to control plane. There are few main modes of the stick's working. In classical mode it works like in normal plane. There is a geometrical relation beetween position of stick to position of actuators.
The paper presents a conception and a practical realization of the laboratory stand intended to p... more The paper presents a conception and a practical realization of the laboratory stand intended to perform basic and advanced tests of the control system for small transportation aircraft. The stand is made with use of Matlab and Simulink environment. Using xPC and RTW modules enables the system to do some tests in real time with â??Hardware in the loopâ?? including tests with pilots. As a hardware there was used PC computer equipped with specialized boards, including A/C, C/A, converters and RS232, LPT, CAN 2B data lines. The main task of the presented stand is to make possible testing of control system introducing unconventional conceptions of aircraft controlling (e.g. smart control and decoupled control techniques). Keywords: control system, small transportation aircraft.
The paper presents results of flight tests of aircraft control system SPS-1. The described contro... more The paper presents results of flight tests of aircraft control system SPS-1. The described control system has been created as a system improving aircraft's handling qualities. During tests several control algorithms were tested. Pilots rated aircraft's handling qualities and were ordered to point control system they liked the most. Additionally original methodology allowing to rate and compare aircraft's handling qualities was tested. It used pilot's workload factor and control's precision to rate aircraft's handling qualities.
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Papers by Tomasz Rogalski