Papers by TIRTHANKAR CHATTERJEE
Design Science and Innovation, 2022
Comparison of physiological characteristics and VO2max in male Gorkha soldiers grouped according ... more Comparison of physiological characteristics and VO2max in male Gorkha soldiers grouped according to total genotype score (TGS). (DOCX 32Â kb)
Total genotype score and percentage of frequency for all the possible combinations of four polymo... more Total genotype score and percentage of frequency for all the possible combinations of four polymorphisms in male Gorkha soldiers. (DOC 89Â kb)
Frequency distribution of total genotype score (TGS) from male Gorkha soldiers (nâ =â 374). (a) T... more Frequency distribution of total genotype score (TGS) from male Gorkha soldiers (nâ =â 374). (a) Tabular information of TGS. (b) Graphical representation of TGS. (DOC 85Â kb)
Association analysis of combinatorial genotype profiles with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max in ml ... more Association analysis of combinatorial genotype profiles with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max in ml kg−1 min−1). (DOC 36 kb)
Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max in ml kg−1 min−... more Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max in ml kg−1 min−1) between genotypes and groups. (DOC 36 kb)
Frequency of combined genotype distribution in male Gorkha soldiers. (DOC 106Â kb)
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2022
The problems of the Middle East today are in many ways a legacy of the events and the aftermath o... more The problems of the Middle East today are in many ways a legacy of the events and the aftermath of World War I, which raged a century ago. The lasting memory of that war in Europe is the brutality and butchery on the Western Front, with its networks of muddy trenches adorned with razor wire; the war in the Middle East is not remembered for its pitched battles, but rather for the unremitting atrocity that left in its wake the destruction of entire communities and peoples, including the genocide of the ethnic Armenian citizens of the Ottoman state. Karnig Panian's memoir draws us into the landscape of inhumanity that was the war in the Middle East. It unfolds against the deportation of his family as part of a campaign by the Ottoman state to destroy the community of Ottoman Armenians using the exigent circumstance of the war. This included the forced internal displacement of Panian and most of his family to an ill-supplied concentration camp just outside the city of Hama as Greater Syria (today's Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Israel) itself was beset by a famine. Though blamed on successive waves of swarming locusts, that famine was created instead by the state's war effort and a lack of concern for civilian welfare. Just like the Great Leap Forward in China, it wasn't created by a natural disaster. Using the cover of the war, the Ottoman state took Panian and sought to annihilate his identity while it killed his
Defence Life Science Journal, 2021
Multifaceted stress factors related to infantry combat vehicle (ICV) operation may be considered ... more Multifaceted stress factors related to infantry combat vehicle (ICV) operation may be considered as major a source of cognitive workload, which may significantly impact the performance of infantry soldiers. The available literature on the effect of ICV’s operational environment on soldier’s cognitive workload is scanty or mostly unreported. The present study was designed to observe the effect of ICV operation on the i) cognitive workload ii) cognitive performance and iii) to study the association between cognitive workload and performance. Thirty soldiers [mean(SD)- age: 31.86(2.9) years, weight: 74.40(7.7) kg, and height: 171.33(3.42) cm] volunteered for this study. Their heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory frequency (RF) were recorded at three time points 00th-05th, 25th-30th and 55th-60th minute during the ICV operation. ‘A’ letter cancellation task (ALCT) was conducted to assess cognitive performance, before and after ICV operation. The internal tempera...
Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications, 2021
The Indian soldiers guard the border regions located at extreme elevations in cold, often snow-co... more The Indian soldiers guard the border regions located at extreme elevations in cold, often snow-covered conditions. Protecting their feet from life-threatening cold injuries is a primary objective as well as a matter of national security. As a solution, a new cold-condition “snow boot” design based on ergonomic principles was developed indigenously. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the newly developed snow boot through the application of both objective and subjective tools. The new snow boot was as effective as an existing imported boot. Users preferred the new design and appreciated the boot’s relative lightweight.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of ex... more Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of extreme training activities. However, globally the literatures available on the physiological and biochemical demand of different extreme military training activities are very scanty and less reported. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to quantify the cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event in jungle environment. Materials and Methods: Mathew’s Mad Mile (MMM) activity is a type of specialized run of 1.5 mile in jungle environment. This training activity was conducted on rugged jungle terrain comprised of undulated uphill, downhill, muddy surface. Twenty-five SHAPE-1 healthy soldiers were volunteered into training event. Cardiorespiratory data was recorded continuously throughout the event and venous blood sample was drawn before and immediately after completion of the event. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Th...
Background: The ability to carry heavy loads over long distances for prolonged duration is a core... more Background: The ability to carry heavy loads over long distances for prolonged duration is a core functional competency for military personnel, particularly the infantry soldiers. They must not only be capable of performing arduous physical tasks, but must have the physical reserve to remain combat fit on completion of that particular task. The great interest of military researchers is to establish how well soldiers can perform their prime functions during and after load carrying. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of different positive gradients on metabolic cost of soldiers during carrying of military loads at self selected walking speed. Materials and Methods: Ten physically fit male infantry soldiers of Indian Army were volunteered for the study. Each volunteers completed twelve treadmill walking trials at their self-selected comfortable walking speed while carrying no external load, 10.7 kg and 21.4 kg loads for 10 min duration over four different grad...
Background: Step aerobics is practiced in health centres, fitness training gyms, and academic ins... more Background: Step aerobics is practiced in health centres, fitness training gyms, and academic institutions in India. This exercise module is gaining popularity day by day. But, these kind of aerobic exercise tests are less investigated for Indian women population. Objective: A widely practiced aerobic step test was applied to a group of young female to explore the effect of step height on physiological responses and suggest the best height of stepping. Method: Eight physically fit and active female university students with mean age 19.7 (±2.3) yrs, height 156.2 (±6.5) cm, weight 51.2 (±7.9) kg, and VO 2max 35.7 (±4.8) ml.min-1 .kg-1 volunteered for the study. Each subject performed 30 minutes of step test in two Reebok steps heights (6 inch and 8 inches) with a rhythm of 120 beats.min-1. At this cadence 30 cycles of stepping up and down were completed in 1 min. Relative work load (% VO 2 max), energy expenditure (EE), Heart rate (HR), percentage of age predicted maximum HR were measured using K4b 2 Cosmed system. Result: The results showed that eight inch step is offering a significant higher value across most of the parameters investigated compared to six inch step. So it can be inferred that the higher the step height the higher will be the physiological responses. Conclusion: The present study clearly demonstrates that aerobic stepping on 6 inch bench height for 30 minutes with a cadence of 120 beats. min-1 may be more suitable and safe exercise module to improve cardio respiratory fitness for Indian young females. Further investigations are required to identify suitable exercise modules in terms of bench height, cadence and duration for different age groups and according to their fitness level (trained/untrained) and height on larger sample size.
One-way ANOVA (PostHocTukey test) of VO2max in five subpopulation of male Gorkha soldiers (TB). (... more One-way ANOVA (PostHocTukey test) of VO2max in five subpopulation of male Gorkha soldiers (TB). (DOCX 22Â kb)
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
Defence Science Journal
The primary objective of the study was to assess the compatibility of multi calibre individu... more The primary objective of the study was to assess the compatibility of multi calibre individual weapon system (MCIWS) with the shorter, medium and larger individual users of Indian Army. Three dynamic digital human models (DHM) 5thp, 50thp, 95thp army pooled (AP) population were considered to accommodate wide range (more than 90 per cent) of the army population for ergonomic analysis of the weapon system with the help of digital human modelling software Jack. Solid model of MCIWS which was in Parasolid file format X_T (*.x_t) was imported into NX5 (solid model design software) and subsequently converted to JT (*.jt) format. This solid model was later translated into Jack 5.0.1 environment. Standing, squatting and crawling with the weapon were adopted for the study. Angular deviations of important joints, posture prediction using OWAS, and comfort discomfort assessment using Dreyfus 3D method were carried out in the study. The result of the study revealed that the operation in sq...
Military Medical Research
Military Medical Research
Background: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different uphill and down... more Background: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different uphill and downhill gradients on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of soldiers while carrying heavy military loads in two different modes. Methods: Eight physically fit male soldiers with a mean age 32.0 ± 2.0 years, a mean height of 169.5 ± 4.9 cm, and a mean weight of 63.8 ± 8.4 kg volunteered for this study. Each volunteer completed treadmill walking trials at a speed of 3.5 km/h while carrying no external load, 31.4 kg load in a distributed mode (existing load carriage ensembles) and compact mode (new back pack) over 5 different downhill and uphill gradients (− 5, − 10%, 0, 5, 10%) for 6 min at each gradient. During the walking trials, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO 2), respiratory frequency (RF) and energy expenditure (EE) were determined by the process of breath-by-breath gas analysis using a K4b 2 system. The average of the last 2 min data from each 6 min walking trial for each individual was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: All parameters (HR, VO 2 , RF, and EE) gradually increased with the change in gradient from downhill to level to uphill. The distributed mode showed higher values compared to compact mode for all gradients, e.g., for VO 2 , there was a 10.7, 7.4, 5.1, 28.2 and 18.7% increase in the distributed mode across the 5 different gradients. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the compact mode of load carriage is more beneficial than the distributed mode in terms of cardiorespiratory responses while walking on downhill and uphill surfaces with a 31.4 kg load.
Defence Life Science Journal
Soldiers of Indian Army need to carry moderate to heavy load in complex terrain conditions as the... more Soldiers of Indian Army need to carry moderate to heavy load in complex terrain conditions as their routine activity, which may prove to be highly tiring for leg and back muscles. Soldiers' regular movement at hilly area was simulated in a study consisting of a continuous uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) load carriage task to monitor state of fatigue at back and lower limb muscles. Twelve Indian soldiers walked at a fixed speed on five UH and five DH gradients with three loads (0, 10.7 kg and 21.4 kg). Electromyographic (EMG) recording was carried out throughout the experimentation on four groups of muscles-left and right Erector spinae (ESR and ESL), Vastus medialis (VMR and VML), Gastrocnemius medialis (GMR and GML), and Soleus (SOR and SOL) muscles. Median frequency (MDF) responses of tested muscles were derived from raw (EMG) data. Higher level of muscle fatigue was observed at highest UH inclination as the MDF response in GMR, GML and VMR was lowest at this point. The MDF response were found to be lower at DH gradients as the physical demand of that stage is less than the UH gradients.
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Papers by TIRTHANKAR CHATTERJEE